(中國藥科大學(xué) 江蘇 南京 211198)
曹娟 張朝鳳(通訊作者)
α-MG是從山竹Garcinia mangostana Linn.果殼中分離得到的一種口山酮類化合物(圖1)。藥理實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,α-MG具有抗癌、抗炎、神經(jīng)保護(hù)等作用?,F(xiàn)對(duì)α-MG的藥理作用及分子機(jī)制研究進(jìn)行以下綜述。
圖1
α-MG通過調(diào)節(jié)PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路,誘導(dǎo)結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞凋亡[1],抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生EMT,從而抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲[2]。α-MG通過抑制Stat3磷酸化,誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞線粒體功能損傷,誘導(dǎo)人胃癌細(xì)胞凋亡[3]。
α-MG可抑制LPS引起的小鼠腦組織中IL-6,COX-2的表達(dá),改善小鼠腦部炎癥[4]。α-MG通過抑制NF-κB和MAPK 信號(hào)通路,有效改善潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎小鼠體重減輕,腹瀉,血便等癥狀[5]。
α-MG可改善Aβ低聚體導(dǎo)致的大鼠大腦皮層神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞軸突損傷[6],抑制3-硝基丙酸誘導(dǎo)的小腦顆粒神經(jīng)元中ROS的產(chǎn)生,具有保護(hù)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的作用。
α-MG通過減少異丙腎上腺素誘導(dǎo)的氧化應(yīng)激,保護(hù)心肌細(xì)胞膜完整性,減輕心肌細(xì)胞損傷。α-MG通過激活Rho/ROCK信號(hào)通路,誘導(dǎo)血小板形態(tài)發(fā)生改變,抑制血小板聚集;介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞外Ca2+內(nèi)流導(dǎo)致血小板裂解。具有潛在的抗血小板作用,可用于血栓性疾病的治療[7]。
眾多研究報(bào)道表明α-MG對(duì)多種病理模型均有良好的治療作用,機(jī)制研究表明其對(duì)體內(nèi)多種信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路具有調(diào)節(jié)作用。由于α-MG廣泛且顯著的藥理活性,很有必要對(duì)其潛在療效,藥理機(jī)制等進(jìn)行更深入研究。
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