周明遠
[摘要] 目的 對免疫受損并發(fā)肺部感染患者的診斷方法、病原學特點進行探討。方法 方便選取2014年2月—2016年2月期間,在該院進行治療的37例免疫受損并發(fā)肺部感染患者,所有患者均給予常規(guī)痰檢與支氣管鏡檢查,對兩種方法的檢出率及結果進行對比、分析。 結果 在免疫受損并發(fā)肺部感染患者病原陽性診斷率方面,常規(guī)痰檢陽性率為37.84%,支氣管鏡檢陽性率為74.29%,后者明顯高于前者,差異有統計學意義(P<0.05)。免疫受損患者肺部感染病原學有別于免疫功能正常者,多以院內感染病原菌、真菌、結核、原蟲感染為主。結論 免疫受損并發(fā)肺部感染患者及早行支氣管鏡檢查,病原菌陽性檢出率較高,對明確病原學診斷具有重要臨床價值。
[關鍵詞] 免疫受損;肺部感染;支氣管鏡檢;診斷
[中圖分類號] R4 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2018)03(a)-0028-03
Diagnosis and Analysis of Pulmonary Infection in 37 Immunocompromised Patients
ZHOU Ming-yuan
Department of Respiratory, Chuxiong Peoples Hospital of Yunnan Province, Chuxiong, Yunnan Province, 675000 China
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to explore the diagnostic methods and etiological characteristics of patients with immunocompromised pulmonary infection. Methods 37 cases of immune in this hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 were convenient selected selected from the patients with impaired pulmonary infection, all patients were given routine sputum examination and bronchoscopy examination, the detection rate and the results of the two methods were analyzed. Results In the immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infection, the positive rate of sputum examination was 37.84%, the positive rate of bronchoscopy was 74.29%, which was significantly higher than the former(P<0.05). The etiology of pulmonary infection in immunocompromised patients is different from those with normal immune function, and most of them are pathogenic bacteria, fungi, tuberculosis and protozoal infections in nosocomial infection. Conclusion Immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infection and early bronchoscopy, the positive detection rate of pathogens higher, clear pathogenic diagnosis has important clinical value.
[Key words] Immune damage; Lung infection; Bronchoscopy; Diagnosis
近幾年來,免疫受損(ICH)患者基數呈現出持續(xù)擴大的趨勢[1],肺部是最容易遭受免疫受損的器官。ICH患者并發(fā)肺部感染一般病情進展快,想要徹底根治十分困難。該組研究針對2014年2月—2016年2月期間該院收治的37例免疫受損并發(fā)肺部感染患者的診斷方法、病原學特點進行探討,現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
方便選取在該院進行治療的37例免疫受損并發(fā)肺部感染患者,其中男性20例,女性17例。年齡最小20歲,最大78歲,平均(48.3±2.4)歲?;颊呋A疾病類型主要為:6例系統性紅斑狼瘡、6例皮肌炎、4例腎病綜合征并腎功能衰竭、5例HIV陽性、5例實體腫瘤、3例多發(fā)性肌炎,白血病、類風濕性關節(jié)炎、再生障礙性貧血及ANCA相關性血管炎各2例。所有患者入院均具有肺部感染癥狀及影像學表現,5例實體腫瘤有放化療史,免疫性疾病均有激素、免疫抑制劑用藥史。血常規(guī)檢查:中性粒細胞>1.0×109/L 25例,0.5~1.0×109/L 7例,<0.5×109/L 5例。37例患者中,5例采用無創(chuàng)呼吸機治療、3例采用氣管插管治療、1例采用氣管切開治療。
1.2 方法
患者入院次日留取深部痰送檢,所有患者均給予3次以上常規(guī)痰涂片及培養(yǎng)。常規(guī)痰檢病原菌分布:14例呈病原陽性,其中3例銅綠假單胞菌,大腸埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷白桿菌、白色念珠菌、嗜麥芽窄食單胞菌及金黃色葡萄球菌各2例,1例鮑曼不動桿菌。