于洪偉

need既可以用作情態(tài)動詞、實義動詞，還可以用作名詞。need詞義簡單，用法卻不簡單。

一、用作情態(tài)動詞

表示必要，后接動詞原形。

1. 通常用在疑問句、否定句中。

疑問式：Need +主語+ do...？

否定式：neednt + do...

Need you go yet？你一定要去嗎？

No， I neednt. 不一定要去。

You neednt clean the house now. 你不必現(xiàn)在打掃房子。

2. need引導的疑問句，肯定回答要用must。

—Need I call him up now？我需要現(xiàn)在給他打電話嗎？

—Yes， you must. 是的，必需打。

—No， you neednt. 不，不必。

3. need have done的否定式或疑問式，表示“做了不必做的事”。

否定式：neednt have done sth本不必做某事（事實上做了）

疑問式：Need +主語+ have done sth？當時非得做某事嗎？

You neednt have told him because I had already told him about it. 你本沒必要告訴他，因為我已經(jīng)告訴他這件事了。

Need you have sold the house？你那時非得把房子賣掉嗎？

二、用作實義動詞

表示需要（require， want）或義務。

1. 可用于肯定句、疑問句和否定句。

肯定式：need to do sth

否定式：dont / doesnt /didnt need to do sth

疑問式：do +主語+ need to do sth？

I need to consult a dictionary. 我需要查詞典。

She doesnt need to do the cooking. 她不必做飯。

Does she need to do the cooking？她需要做飯嗎？

Yes， she does. 是的，她需要做飯。

No， she doesnt. 不，她不必做飯。

2. need + 名詞

They need my love and care. 他們需要我的關愛。

3. need doing表示被動含義。

The clothes need washing.這些衣服需要洗了。

= The clothes need to be washed.

三、用作名詞

satisfy /meet their needs滿足他們的需要。

We are in need of your help. 我們需要你的幫助。

A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。

There is no need to persuade him to follow my advice. 沒必要說服他采納我的意見。

Theres no need for you to start yet. 你現(xiàn)在還不必動身。

There isnt much need for further research. 沒有必要進一步的實驗。endprint