朱曉蕓 馬如超 于紅剛
[摘要] 目的 系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)Runt相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子3(RUNX3)(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)性。 方法 計(jì)算機(jī)檢索數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library(2018年3期)、CMB、CNKI、VIP、Wanfang data,檢索時(shí)間為建庫(kù)到2018年3月,篩選關(guān)于RUNX3基因多態(tài)性與胃癌相關(guān)性的病例對(duì)照研究,語(yǔ)言限定為中文與英文。由兩位評(píng)價(jià)員獨(dú)立篩選文獻(xiàn),提取資料并評(píng)價(jià)納入研究的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn),使用Newcastle-Ottawa量表(NOS)評(píng)價(jià)研究質(zhì)量。對(duì)RUNX3(rs760805)各基因型模型進(jìn)行比較,包括A與T、AA與TT、AA與TA+TT、TA與TT、AA+TA與TT,綜合分析其在病例組和對(duì)照組中的分布情況。通過(guò)Q檢驗(yàn)和I2值分析各研究間的異質(zhì)性,應(yīng)用Egger′s回歸法驗(yàn)證評(píng)估發(fā)表偏倚,采用Stata 12.0軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析,計(jì)算比值比(OR)及95%置信區(qū)間(95%CI),評(píng)估RUNX3(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 本研究共納入5項(xiàng)病例對(duì)照研究,共有1363例胃癌患者及1346例健康對(duì)照。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:RUNX3(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)[A vs. T:OR = 1.27,95%CI(1.01, 1.59),P = 0.039;AA+TA vs. TT:OR = 1.30,95%CI(0.96,1.77),P = 0.091;AA vs. TT+TA:OR = 1.18,95%CI(0.99, 1.41),P = 0.073;AA vs. TT:OR = 1.51,95%CI(0.97,2.33),P = 0.065;TA vs. TT:OR = 0.73,95%CI(0.32,1.63),P = 0.437]。 結(jié)論 RUNX3(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間具有相關(guān)性,且等位基因A可能是胃癌的潛在危險(xiǎn)因素。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 胃癌;Runt相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子3;基因多態(tài)性;發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn);系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià);Meta分析
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R735.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)10(b)-0082-06
[Abstract] Objective To systematically evaluate the association between rs760805 polymorphism in Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) gene and risk of gastric cancer. Methods PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2018), CMB, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases were searched, retrieval time form creating database to March 2018, the data of case-control studies on the correlation between polymorphisms of RUNX3 gene and risk of gastric cancer were retrieved, the language was limited to Chinese and English. Two evaluators independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the bias risk of included studies, and used Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) to evaluate research quality. All genotype models of RUNX3 (rs760805) were compared, including A and T, AA and TT, AA and TA+TT, TA and TT, AA+TA and TT, and their distribution in case group and control group was comprehensively analyzed. Q-test and I2 value were used to analyze the heterogeneity among the studies, egger′s regression was used to verify the evaluation of publication bias, and Stata 12.0 software was used for Meta-analysis. The correlation of RUNX3 (rs760805) gene polymorphism with the risk of gastric cancer was calculated by using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results A total of 5 case-control studies were included (gastric cancer cases: 1363, healthy controls: 1346). The results of Meta-analysis showed that (rs760805) polymorphism in RUNX3 gene was associated with risk of gastric cancer [A vs. T: OR = 1.27, 95%CI (1.01, 1.59), P = 0.039; AA+TA vs. TT: OR = 1.30, 95%CI (0.96, 1.77), P = 0.091; AA vs. TT+TA: OR = 1.18, 95%CI (0.99, 1.41), P = 0.073; AA vs. TT: OR = 1.51, 95%CI (0.97, 2.33), P = 0.065; TA vs. TT: OR = 0.73, 95%CI (0.32, 1.63), P = 0.437]. Conclusion There is a correlation between the genetic polymorphism of RUNX3 (rs760805) and the risk of gastric cancer, and allele A may be a potential risk factor for gastric cancer.
[Key words] Gastric cancer; Runt-related transcription factor 3; Gene polymorphism; Onset risk; Systematic evaluation; Meta-analysis
胃癌是全世界最常見(jiàn)癌癥之一[1]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),全球每年有989 000例新發(fā)病例,其發(fā)病率居癌癥總體第四位,死亡率居第二位[2],嚴(yán)重威脅生命健康。我國(guó)胃癌發(fā)病和死亡人數(shù)分別占全球胃癌發(fā)病和死亡的40%以上[3],疾病負(fù)擔(dān)十分嚴(yán)重。近年來(lái),隨著新型醫(yī)療模式的興起,在分子學(xué)水平將個(gè)人基因、環(huán)境與生活習(xí)慣差異考慮在內(nèi),以胃癌患者基因組信息為基礎(chǔ)的胃癌精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)療越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注[4]。研究表明,攜帶Runt相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子3(Runt-related transcription factor 3,RUNX3)基因單核苷酸多態(tài)性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)rs760805可能與胃癌易感性有關(guān)[5-6]。近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)RUNX3基因多態(tài)性與胃癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了大量研究,但各研究結(jié)果不盡一致。本研究采用Meta分析方法對(duì)已發(fā)表的關(guān)于RUNX3(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的病例對(duì)照研究進(jìn)行二次分析,討論二者間的相關(guān)性。
1 資料與方法
1.1 檢索策略
通過(guò)檢索相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),如PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library(2018年第3期)、CMB、CNKI、VIP、Wanfang data等,查找并篩選有關(guān)RUNX3基因多態(tài)性(rs760805)與胃癌間的病例對(duì)照研究,檢索時(shí)間為建庫(kù)至2018年3月。中文檢索詞:胃癌,胃部腫瘤、人類(lèi)Runt相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子3、基因多態(tài)性;英文檢索詞:stomach neoplasm、gastric neoplasm、gastric cancer、stomach cancer、signal nucleotide polymorphism、snps、runx3、runt-related transcription factor 3、rs760805。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.2.1 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ①研究類(lèi)型:基于人的關(guān)于RUNX3(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)性的病例對(duì)照研究;②研究對(duì)象:病例組為經(jīng)病理學(xué)證實(shí)的胃癌患者,對(duì)照組為非胃癌患者;③基因因素:RUNX3基因突變;④研究資料完整。
1.2.2 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ①重復(fù)發(fā)表或資料雷同的文獻(xiàn);②會(huì)議摘要、綜述、個(gè)案報(bào)道等;③非中、英文文獻(xiàn)。
1.3 文獻(xiàn)篩選及資料提取
由兩位研究者獨(dú)立篩選文獻(xiàn)并提取資料,包括納入研究的人群基本信息、研究對(duì)象基線資料、偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)要素等,若不能達(dá)成統(tǒng)一意見(jiàn),則與第三名研究者討論。
1.4 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
通過(guò)采用Newcastle-Ottawa量表(NOS)對(duì)所納入的研究進(jìn)行偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估[7],從以下三方面分別評(píng)價(jià)并計(jì)分:研究對(duì)象的選擇(4分)、組間可比性(2分)、結(jié)果測(cè)量(3分)。滿分為9分,0~3分為低質(zhì)量研究,4~6分為中等質(zhì)量研究,5~9分為高質(zhì)量研究。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用Stata 12.0軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析,采用以下五種基因模型分別計(jì)算OR值及其95%CI,評(píng)價(jià)RUNX3(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌罹患風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的相關(guān)性:①等位基因模型A vs. T;②顯性基因模型AA+TA vs. TT;③隱性基因模型AA vs. TT+TA;④純合子模型AA vs. TT;⑤雜合子模型TA vs. TT。通過(guò)Q檢驗(yàn)和I2值評(píng)價(jià)各研究間異質(zhì)性的大小,當(dāng)P < 0.10且I2 > 50%,表明各研究間異質(zhì)性較高,可采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型,反之則采用固定效應(yīng)模型分析[8-9]。若存在明顯異質(zhì)性,通過(guò)敏感性分析依次排除單個(gè)研究尋找差異來(lái)源,排除異質(zhì)性較大的研究,再次進(jìn)行Meta分析合并效應(yīng)值。采用哈迪溫伯格(Hardy-Weinberg,HWE)平衡檢驗(yàn)對(duì)納入的對(duì)照組人群基因分布進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為0.05。當(dāng)P > 0.05時(shí),則認(rèn)為符合HWE遺傳平衡[10]。采用Egger′s線性回歸分析及Begg′s漏斗圖檢驗(yàn)其潛在發(fā)表偏倚,檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為0.05。當(dāng)P < 0.05時(shí)可認(rèn)為存在發(fā)表偏倚[11]。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果
文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果及流程圖如圖1所示。初篩文獻(xiàn)53篇:PubMed(n = 10)、EMbase(n = 21)、The Cochrane Library(n = 0)、CNKI(n = 10)、Wanfang data(n = 11)、VIP data(n = 1),采用EndNote軟件剔除重復(fù)文獻(xiàn)29篇,閱讀摘要后排除19篇,最終共有5篇文獻(xiàn)[5-6,12-14]納入。所納入文獻(xiàn)的基線資料及偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 Meta分析結(jié)果
2.2.1 總體分析 對(duì)各個(gè)模型進(jìn)行異質(zhì)性分析顯示:隱性基因模型異質(zhì)性較小,故采用固定效應(yīng)模型分析;其余模型均存在較大異質(zhì)性,因而采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析。Runx3基因rs760805多態(tài)性與胃癌在純合模型[AA vs. TT:OR = 1.51,95%CI(0.97,2.33),P = 0.065](圖2a)、顯性模型[AA+TA vs. TT:OR = 1.30,95%CI(0.96,1.77),P = 0.091](圖2b)、隱性模型[AA vs. TT+TA:OR = 1.18,95%CI(0.99,1.41),P = 0.073](圖2c)、雜合模型[TA vs. TT:OR = 0.73,95%CI(0.32,1.63),P = 0.437](圖2d)不存在相關(guān)性。在等位基因模型[A vs. T:OR = 1.27,95%CI(1.01,1.59),P = 0.039](圖2e)中,該多態(tài)性與胃癌存在關(guān)聯(lián)。
2.2.2 敏感性分析 采用 Stata 12.0軟件,對(duì)異質(zhì)性較大的遺傳模型進(jìn)行敏感性分析(A vs. T,圖3),在純合模型、顯性模型及等位基因模型中剔除1篇[14],在雜合模型中剔除2篇[12,14],異質(zhì)性消除,采用固定效應(yīng)模型。在等位基因模型[A vs. T:OR = 1.39,95%CI(1.20, 1.61),P = 0.000](圖4a)、雜合模型[TA vs. TT:OR = 1.64,95%CI(1.22,2.20),P = 0.001](圖4b)、顯性模型[AA+TA vs. TT:OR = 1.52,95%CI(1.18,1.97),P = 0.001](圖4c)、純合模型[AA vs. TT:OR = 1.87,95%CI(1.36,2.57),P = 0.000](圖4d)均提示該多態(tài)性與胃癌存在關(guān)聯(lián)。
2.2.3 發(fā)表偏倚分析 發(fā)表性偏倚采用Egger′s回歸法及Begg′s漏斗圖分析。結(jié)果顯示:本研究所納入文獻(xiàn)在所有基因模型中均無(wú)發(fā)表偏倚(P > 0.05),結(jié)果真實(shí)可信(圖5、表2)。
3 討論
SNP在人類(lèi)基因組中廣泛存在,是指由單個(gè)核苷酸的變異所引起的在基因水平上DNA序列的多態(tài)性,是人類(lèi)基因組DNA序列可遺傳變異的主要形式,既可在基因序列內(nèi),也可存在于基因序列以外的非編碼序列上,可能參與種族多樣性、疾病易感性、藥物反應(yīng)差異等多種調(diào)節(jié)[15]。人類(lèi)RUNX3基因,位于人類(lèi)染色體1p36.1,全長(zhǎng)約67 kb,是重要抑癌基因之一[16]。它是轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子(TGF)信號(hào)通路中重要一員,參與TGF-β通路、Wnt通路等多種信號(hào)通路的傳遞,調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和凋亡,是常見(jiàn)的抑癌基因[17]。
研究表明,RUNX3基因多態(tài)性可能與胃癌罹患風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)[12,18-19],但各研究結(jié)果不盡相同。Meta分析是對(duì)同質(zhì)研究問(wèn)題的多個(gè)獨(dú)立結(jié)果進(jìn)行的綜合性分析[20],可通過(guò)增大樣本量來(lái)增加結(jié)論的信度。本研究全面檢索相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),篩選近年來(lái)發(fā)表的關(guān)于RUNX3(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的病例對(duì)照研究,并對(duì)提取的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行二次分析,系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)了二者之間的關(guān)系。
本次Meta分析最終共納入5篇相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),對(duì)納入研究按NOS量表評(píng)分均≥5分,且均符合HWE平衡定律。Meta分析發(fā)現(xiàn)在所有遺傳模型下,RUNX3(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌易感性間均有相關(guān)性,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),這與Xiang等[21]的研究結(jié)果相一致。進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),A位點(diǎn)可能是胃癌的潛在危險(xiǎn)因素。
但是,本研究也存在一定的局限性:①納入研究數(shù)量少,缺乏灰色文獻(xiàn),可能會(huì)漏掉部分陰性結(jié)果而導(dǎo)致發(fā)表偏倚;②原始文獻(xiàn)僅涉及亞洲人群,缺乏其他多民族樣本,代表性不強(qiáng);③胃癌是一種多因素疾病,由于原始數(shù)據(jù)不足,未排除飲酒、飲食、Hp感染等其他影響因素。但系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)較單個(gè)研究有更高的檢驗(yàn)效能,且本研究Egger′s回歸分析及Begg′s漏斗圖提示無(wú)明顯發(fā)表偏倚,故本文Meta分析結(jié)果具有較強(qiáng)可靠性。
綜上所述,RUNX3(rs760805)基因多態(tài)性與胃癌易感性之間具有相關(guān)性,且等位基因A可能是胃癌的潛在危險(xiǎn)因素。但受本研究局限性的限制,上述結(jié)論尚待開(kāi)展更多大樣本、多民族、高質(zhì)量的病例對(duì)照研究或隊(duì)列研究來(lái)加以驗(yàn)證,從而獲得更高級(jí)別的證據(jù)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Torre LA,Bray F,Siegel RL,et al. Global cancer statistics,2012 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):87-108.
[2] Ferlay J,Shin HR,Bray F,et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008:GLOBOCAN 2008 [J]. Int J Cancer,2010,127(12):2893-2917.
[3] Ferlay J,Soerjomataram I,Dikshit R,et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources,methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012 [J]. Int J Cancer,2015, 136(5):E359-E386.
[4] Mirnezami R,Nicholson J,Darzi A. Preparing for precision medicine [J]. N Engl J Med,2012,366(6):489-491.
[5] Nadarajan N,Balasubramanian LK,Kuppannan S,et al. Runt-related transcription factor 3:single nucleotide polymorphism rs760805,gene expression,and methylation status in Helicobacter pylori -infected patients for determination of gastric cancer risk [J]. J Gastrointest Cancer,2013,44(4):444-449.
[6] Wu D,Tian Y,Gong W,et al. Genetic variants in the Runt-related transcription factor 3 gene contribute to gastric cancer risk in a Chinese population [J]. Cancer Sci,2009, 100(9):1688-1694.
[7] Cook DA,Reed DA. Appraising the quality of medical education research methods:the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale-Education [J]. Acad Med,2015,90(8):1067-1076.
[8] Mantel N,Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease [J]. J Natl Cancer Inst,1959,22(4):719-748.
[9] Higgins JP,Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis [J]. Stat Med,2002,21(11):1539-1558.
[10] Wigginton JE,Cutler DJ,Abecasis GR. A note on exact tests of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium [J]. Am J Hum Genet,2005,76(5):887-893.
[11] Song F,Gilbody S. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple,graphical test. Increase in studies of publication bias coincided with increasing use of meta-analysis [J]. BMJ,1998,316(7129):471.
[12] 趙永勛,趙鵬,馮虎元,等.RUNX3基因多態(tài)性、幽門(mén)螺桿菌感染與甘肅武威地區(qū)胃癌高發(fā)的相關(guān)性[J].中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志,2017,37(14):3394-3397.
[13] 鞠亞菲,隋牮箐,宋明全,等.RUNX3基因rs760805多態(tài)性與胃癌的關(guān)系[J].中國(guó)癌癥雜志,2013,23(9):709-712.
[14] Hishida A,Matsuo K,Goto Y,et al. Significant association of RUNX3 T/A polymorphism at intron 3 (rs760805) with the risk of gastric atrophy in Helicobacter pylori seropositive Japanese [J]. J Gastroenterol,2009,44(12):1165-1171.
[15] Giampaoli S,Chillemi G,Valeriani F,et al. The SNPs in the human genetic blueprint era [J]. N Biotechnol,2013, 30(5):475-884.
[16] Lotem J,Levanon D,Negreanu V,et al. Runx3 at the interface of immunity,inflammation and cancer [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,2015,1855(2):131-143.
[17] Taniuchi I,Osato M,Egawa T,et al. Differential requirements for Runx proteins in CD4 repression and epigenetic silencing during T lymphocyte development [J]. Cell,2002,111(5):621-633.
[18] Lim B,Ju H,Kim M,et al. Increased genetic susceptibility to intestinal-type gastric cancer is associated with increased activity of the RUNX3 distal promoter [J]. Cancer,2011,117(22):5161-5171.
[19] Tsai YC,Hsiao WH,Lin SH,et al. Genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms in the offspring of gastric cancer patients predispose to spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia after H. pylori infection [J]. J Biomed Sci,2015,22(1):16.
[20] Moher D,Pham B,Jones A,et al. Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses? [J]. Lancet,1998,352(9128):609-613.
[21] Xiang X,Zhang CJ,Ma ZH,et al. Association between RUNX3 promoter methylation and gastric cancer:a meta-analysis [J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2011,11(1):1-9.
(收稿日期:2018-04-08 本文編輯:張瑜杰)