“中華思想文化術(shù)語(yǔ)”，是濃縮了中華哲學(xué)思想、人文精神、價(jià)值觀念等的以詞或短語(yǔ)形式固化的概念和文化核心詞。它們是中華民族幾千年來(lái)對(duì)自然與社會(huì)進(jìn)行探索和理性思索的成果，積淀著中華民族最深沉的歷史智慧。本文選登“中華文化術(shù)語(yǔ)”詮釋和英文翻譯，使中國(guó)人更加理解中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)思想，也使世界更加了解中華思想文化。

良 知

Liangzhi （Conscience）

人天生所具有的道德本性與道德上的認(rèn)識(shí)和實(shí)踐能力?！傲贾币辉~最初由孟子提出，認(rèn)為人不加思慮便能知道的便是“良知”?！傲贾钡木唧w內(nèi)容包括親愛(ài)其父母、尊敬其兄長(zhǎng)。而親愛(ài)父母是仁，尊敬兄長(zhǎng)是義?！傲贾闭f(shuō)是孟子性善論的重要內(nèi)容。明代的王守仁提出“致良知”，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了孟子的“良知”說(shuō)。他認(rèn)為，“良知”就是天理，一切事物及其規(guī)律都包含在“良知”之中。將“良知”擴(kuò)充到底，即能達(dá)到對(duì)一切道德真理的認(rèn)識(shí)和實(shí)踐。

Humans are born with innate conscience and the ability to know and act upon it. The term liangzhi （良知） was first used by Mencius， who believed that what man knew by instinct was liangzhi （knowledge of goodness）. The term includes ren （仁）， i.e. love for ones parents and yi （義）， i.e. respect for ones elder brothers. The concept is an important component of Mencius belief in the innate goodness of human nature. The Ming-dynasty philosopher Wang Shouren raised the idea of “attaining liangzhi.” He extended the Mencius liangzhi to mean the principles of heaven， maintaining that all things under heaven and their laws were covered by liangzhi. With liangzhi being extended to its fullest （through self-cultivation and moral practice）， it is possible to know and put in practice all moral truths.

引例 Citations：

◎所不慮而知者，良知也。（《孟子·盡心上》）

（人所不加思慮便能知曉的，就是良知。）

What is known without thinking is the innate knowledge of goodness. （Mencius）

◎天理即是良知。（《傳習(xí)錄》卷下）

（天理就是良知。）

Principles of heaven and conscience are the same in essence. （Records of Great Learning）

文 明

Wenming （Civilization）

指社會(huì)文治教化彰明昌盛的狀態(tài)?！拔摹敝浮叭宋摹保付Y樂(lè)教化以及與此相關(guān)的有差等又有調(diào)和的社會(huì)秩序；“明”即光明、昌明、通達(dá)之義。中華民族崇文而不尚武，自古便將文治教化的彰明昌盛作為自己的最高理想和追求，并以此作為評(píng)判異國(guó)他域政治是否清明的最重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

This term refers to a thriving， prosperous， and perceptibly refined society in which people behave in a cultured fashion. Wen （文） refers to the arts and humanities， including social norms， music education， moral cultivation， and a social order that is hierarchical（等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的）yet harmonious. Ming （明） means bright， prosperous， and highly civilized. The Chinese nation has always preferred wen to wu （武 force）. This is the loftiest ideal pursued by the Chinese nation since ancient times. It was also the criterion by which to judge whether the governance of a nation was well conducted.

引例 Citation：

◎文明之世，銷鋒鑄鏑。（焦贛《易林·節(jié)之頤》）

（文明時(shí)代，銷毀兵器，停止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。）

In a civilized society weapons are destroyed and war ceases. （Jiao Gong： Annotations on The Book of Changes）