□ 文/本刊記者 黎敏

渝桂新“南向通道”：鋼鐵駝隊(duì)的出海之路

□ 文/本刊記者 黎敏

黃沙大漠，商旅不絕，2000多年前的絲綢之路上，駱駝承包了大部分的載貨業(yè)務(wù)。而今，聲聲駝鈴換成了火車呼嘯的風(fēng)聲，一列列鋼鐵駝隊(duì)尋跡絲路古道，跑出了新的精彩：依托中歐班列，“一帶一路”上架起了3條連接亞歐大陸的橋梁，3000列鋼鐵駝隊(duì)，往返穿梭于大橋兩端，近60個(gè)城市，連通著世界的東西南北。

其中，中國重慶是首條中歐班列“渝新歐”的誕生之地，時(shí)隔6年，“渝新歐”已成為中國首個(gè)突破千列的中歐班列。眼下，山城重慶正依托“渝新歐”一線，借勢(shì)中新（重慶）戰(zhàn)略性互聯(lián)互通示范項(xiàng)目的落戶，積極嘗試開辟南向通道，與新加坡加強(qiáng)連通。作為“渝新歐”極富創(chuàng)意的延伸，這條南向通道被稱為“渝桂新”。

從“渝新歐”到“渝桂新”，從大陸到海洋，隨著兩段線路的連接，馳騁于陸路的鋼鐵駝隊(duì)，將走向更寬廣的大海。

為了共同的目標(biāo)

屬于中歐班列西線的“渝新歐”，從中國重慶出發(fā)，經(jīng)新疆阿拉山口出境，終點(diǎn)在德國的杜伊斯堡。沿途通關(guān)監(jiān)管互認(rèn)、信息共享，運(yùn)輸全程只需一次申報(bào)、一次查驗(yàn)、一次放行。自2011年開通以來，“渝新歐”班列數(shù)量占全中國中歐班列數(shù)量的45%左右，實(shí)力可見一斑。

隨著2013年“一帶一路”倡議的提出，加強(qiáng)互聯(lián)互通被放到了極為重要的位置。重慶作為“一帶一路”和“長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”的聯(lián)結(jié)點(diǎn)，對(duì)于建設(shè)成為中國內(nèi)陸國際物流樞紐和口岸高地，增強(qiáng)“渝新歐”對(duì)東盟的輻射力和影響力，開始有了更高的要求。2015年，中國和新加坡第三個(gè)政府間合作項(xiàng)目——中新（重慶）戰(zhàn)略性互聯(lián)互通示范項(xiàng)目正式落戶重慶，更增添了重慶建設(shè)南向通道的底氣。

在打造“鐵空聯(lián)運(yùn)”4小時(shí)輻射圈后，重慶將目光投向了比空運(yùn)更穩(wěn)定、實(shí)惠的鐵路運(yùn)輸。毗鄰東盟的廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，作為中國西南內(nèi)陸地區(qū)最近的出海通道，成為重慶連通新加坡再出海的一個(gè)上佳選擇。而這也正好契合國家賦予廣西的“三大定位”以及廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)新一輪開放開發(fā)的升級(jí)需要。

中國國家主席習(xí)近平2017年4月在廣西考察時(shí)指出，廣西要建設(shè)好北部灣港口，打造好向海經(jīng)濟(jì)。而發(fā)展向海經(jīng)濟(jì)的要義不僅包括走向海洋，也包括海陸聯(lián)動(dòng)，對(duì)接內(nèi)陸腹地，爭取資源的優(yōu)化配置。

目前欽州港作為北部灣港集裝箱業(yè)務(wù)的核心，貨運(yùn)多數(shù)來自云南昆明，貨物主要為出口到印尼等東盟國家的化肥。如果跟占據(jù)長江80%運(yùn)力的重慶實(shí)現(xiàn)海鐵聯(lián)運(yùn)，那么長江沿線的筆記本電腦、摩托車、化工品等貨源就有望流入。這不僅將降低企業(yè)運(yùn)輸?shù)某杀?，增加欽州港的集裝箱吞吐量，更將成為廣西踐行“三大定位”的務(wù)實(shí)之舉。

而新加坡作為國際航運(yùn)中心，更高效、多元、開放的交通聯(lián)運(yùn)，顯然也有利于新加坡本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。正因?yàn)殚_辟南向通道符合中國重慶、廣西與新加坡的共同需要，所以渝桂新“南向通道”的建設(shè)才從推進(jìn)之初就得到三方的共同認(rèn)可，并不斷取得新的突破。

不止是海鐵聯(lián)運(yùn)

2017年5月10日，載著重慶當(dāng)?shù)厣a(chǎn)的高檔生活用紙、摩托車等產(chǎn)品，首趟渝桂新（重慶—?dú)J州）“南向通道”試運(yùn)行班列開行。經(jīng)過近48小時(shí)的行程，該班列順利抵達(dá)廣西北部灣欽州港東站。在港口完成了貨物通關(guān)手續(xù)后，貨物下水出海，前往新加坡。就在一個(gè)月前的4月28日，首趟渝桂新（欽州—重慶）試運(yùn)行班列也成功開行，至此，渝桂新“南向通道”試運(yùn)行班列已成功完成上下對(duì)開。

相較于原有鐵路零散運(yùn)輸，渝桂新“南向通道”的班列可節(jié)約2天以上的時(shí)間；較重慶至上海經(jīng)長江的河運(yùn)，能節(jié)約12天以上的時(shí)間。在欽州保稅港區(qū)海關(guān)國檢的配合下，運(yùn)抵欽州保稅港區(qū)的重慶外貿(mào)貨物僅需4天時(shí)間就能完成貨物出口。一條高效、便捷的運(yùn)輸通道已經(jīng)輪廓清晰。接下來，三方還將成立合資公司，搭建南向通道公共平臺(tái)，加快一體化物流信息系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，以盡早實(shí)現(xiàn)渝桂新“南向通道”班列正式開行。

根據(jù)廣西壯族自治區(qū)副主席張曉欽的介紹，中國廣西、重慶與新加坡對(duì)渝桂新“南向通道”的建設(shè)已取得共識(shí)，并于2017年4月28日簽署了合作框架協(xié)議。三方合作的具體內(nèi)容包括：開通鐵路集裝箱班列，形成由重慶，經(jīng)廣西北部灣港，到新加坡的海陸聯(lián)運(yùn)線路；開通中國至中南半島的公路貨運(yùn)直通車，形成由重慶經(jīng)廣西到新加坡的陸路通路；擴(kuò)展空中航空物流的合作，將在南寧合作建設(shè)中新大型綜合物流園區(qū)；合作推動(dòng)通關(guān)便利化，拓展信息物聯(lián)，探討跨境電商、智慧物流的合作等。

可以說這是一條海陸空齊頭并進(jìn)的通道，也是一條從基建到信息都互聯(lián)互通的坦途。為了尋求公路、物流領(lǐng)域合作的突破，2017年5月18日，位于廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)的憑祥綜合保稅區(qū)與重慶公路運(yùn)輸（集團(tuán)）有限公司簽訂戰(zhàn)略合作框架協(xié)議，將共同打造渝桂新“南向通道”（重慶—憑祥—東盟）便捷物流線路。

對(duì)此，中新（重慶）戰(zhàn)略性互聯(lián)互通示范項(xiàng)目管理局局長韓寶昌表示，在“一帶一路”大背景下，大通道是一個(gè)多層次的大概念，包括鐵路、公路等方面；也是多線路、多運(yùn)輸?shù)母拍?，南向通道的?nèi)涵應(yīng)該是極其豐富的。

渝桂新“南向通道”試運(yùn)行班列

鋼鐵駝隊(duì)遇見現(xiàn)代寶船

當(dāng)鋼鐵駝隊(duì)依托中歐班列成為絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶上一道亮麗的風(fēng)景時(shí)，北部灣畔，已與7個(gè)東盟國家的47個(gè)港口建立海上運(yùn)輸往來的廣西北部灣港，正以集裝箱外貿(mào)班輪作為現(xiàn)代寶船，在21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路上破浪前行。

而隨著渝桂新“南向通道”建設(shè)的推進(jìn)，陸與海的聯(lián)動(dòng)將釋放巨大的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。經(jīng)廣西出海的這條大通道，將重塑沿長江運(yùn)輸至上海繞行大半個(gè)中國海岸線到東盟的傳統(tǒng)路線；同時(shí)通過“渝桂新”銜接“渝新歐”，經(jīng)由重慶連接?xùn)|南亞至歐洲，構(gòu)成輻射范圍更廣的亞歐陸上新通道，實(shí)現(xiàn)“一帶一路”與“長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”的有效連接，帶動(dòng)中國西部地區(qū)開發(fā)開放、協(xié)同發(fā)展。

重慶作為中國西部的重要城市及該線路的核心樞紐，重慶工商大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院院長李敬認(rèn)為，渝桂新“南向通道”的開通，標(biāo)志著重慶能夠“下南洋”，開辟出一條“走出去”的新方向，也將實(shí)現(xiàn)重慶由長江上游航運(yùn)中心向內(nèi)陸國際物流樞紐轉(zhuǎn)變。

廣西壯族自治區(qū)黨委書記彭清華則表示，中國西南地區(qū)最便捷的出海通道在北部灣，渝桂新“南向通道”由重慶經(jīng)廣西沿海、沿邊連通新加坡，向北連接絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶，向南連接21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路和中南半島，將形成“一帶一路”經(jīng)西部地區(qū)的完整環(huán)線和陸海貿(mào)易新通道，對(duì)廣西融入“一帶一路”建設(shè)、深化與新加坡交流合作意義重大。而富集廣西海陸通道資源的北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)也將因此獲得新一輪開放開發(fā)，以及打造向海經(jīng)濟(jì)的強(qiáng)大動(dòng)能。

除了加快中國西部地區(qū)的開發(fā)開放，“把‘南向通道’打造成為中國‘一帶一路’的示范項(xiàng)目，不單是看重慶和西南省份借道北部灣港出口到海外的貨量，反過來的北向貿(mào)易同樣值得期待?！毙录悠绿酱瑒?wù)集團(tuán)董事總經(jīng)理張松聲舉例，馬來西亞的咖啡從新加坡出海到欽州港，可一路北上分撥到云南、重慶、四川，再通過重慶的“渝新歐”班列，經(jīng)新疆阿拉山口出境到哈薩克斯坦等中亞地區(qū)，“這將改變東南亞貨物目前經(jīng)由伊朗中轉(zhuǎn)的舊有方式?！?/p>

從內(nèi)陸走向海洋，是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的驅(qū)使，從海洋走向內(nèi)陸，是開拓市場的探尋與向海經(jīng)濟(jì)的延伸。渝桂新“南向通道”銜接的將不僅是沿線各個(gè)城市的發(fā)展訴求，更有絲路鋼鐵駝隊(duì)南下出海與海絲現(xiàn)代寶船北上掘金的合作機(jī)遇。當(dāng)“一帶一路”形成一個(gè)有機(jī)銜接的整體，它將給這個(gè)世界帶來更多的驚喜。

·聯(lián)系編輯：313464302@qq.com

On the ancient Silk Road over 2,000 years ago, camels were seen as a means of transporting a majority of goods, while their role now has been replaced by fully-loaded trains.To date, there are three bridges linking Asia and Europe that have been set up for 3,000 regular trains, which pass through nearly 60 cities.

Six years ago, Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway Line (CXERL), the first of its kind connecting China with European countries, was opened in Chongqing, China. Now, it ranks first in terms of the number of regular trains — more than 1,000 — travelling along the route. With China-Singapore(Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity (CSCDISC)launched, Chongqing is energetically attempting to build a southward passageway — namely, Chongqing-Guangxi-Singapore Southward Passageway (CGSSP) — an extended part of CXERL, which leads to Singapore from Chongqing.

Sharing a common goal

Starting from Chongqing, China, the westward CXERL passes through Xinjiang’s Alataw Pass, a border site in northwest China, and eventually reaches Duisburg, Germany. Throughout the journey, mutual recognition has been realized in terms of customs clearance and supervision, and so has information sharing; meanwhile, once-for-all service applies to declaration, inspection and customs clearance. Since 2011, the number of regular trains travelling along the route accounted for nearly 45% of the total.

With the Belt and Road Initiative proposed in 2013, it is imperative to enhance connectivity between China and countries along the route.In such a circumstance, Chongqing,as a junction between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Zone, focuses more on building itself into an international logistics hub and an important inland port in China and on strengthening its presence in ASEAN countries. In 2015,for instance, CSCDISC — the third inter-governmental project initiated by Singapore and China — was officially implemented in Chongqing, contributing to the construction of the southward passageway.

After completing a “Four-hour Circle of Transportation” fusing railway and air routes, Chongqing has shifted its focus to railway transportation, which is considered more stable and affordable than air transportation. Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone (GBGEZ) —adjacent to ASEAN — is the nearest access to the sea in southwest China,so it is regarded as an excellent place for Chongqing to connect itself with Singapore. Virtually, not only does building the passageway dovetail with Guangxi’s three development orientations — to be an international access towards ASEAN, a new strategic fulcrum to bolster the opening-up and development of southwestern and southcentral China and a crucial gateway to make the Belt and Road organically linked — granted by the state, but also it is an integral requirement for upgrading the opening-up and development of GBGEZ.

Furthermore, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed that Guangxi should be committed to constructing ports in Beibu Gulf and to developing maritime economy on a facts-finding visit to Guangxi in April 2017. To reach this goal, we should strive to optimize the allocation of resources by highlighting marine industry, integrating sea-based and air-based routes and engaging with regions in the hinterland of China.

As for Singapore, an international shipping center, building a more ef fi cient, diversi fi ed and open integrated transport system would evidently boost its economic development. It is a common goal for Chongqing, Guangxi and Singapore to build the passageway,thus making new breakthroughs in advancing the project.

A passageway with multiple

dimensions

On May 10, 2017, the fi rst regular train travelling along CGSSP, loaded with cargoes like high-grade household paper and motorcycle produced in Chongqing,was put into its trial operation. It took nearly 48 hours to travel from Chongqing to Qinzhou Port East Railway Station in Guangxi. With the customs clearance procedure completed,the train continued to steer for its destination — Singapore. As a matter of fact, the first train from Qinzhou to Chongqing had been put into trial run on April 28, 2017. Under the coordination of China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau in Guangxi Qinzhou Free Trade Port Area, it takes only four days to complete the export formalities of cargoes from Chongqing. Chongqing,Guangxi and Singapore, according to the plan, will set up a joint venture to accelerate the building of an integrated logistics information system, so as to ensure that trains travelling along the passageway can run of fi cially soon.

Zhang Xiaoqin, deputy governor of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,indicated that Guangxi, Chongqing and Singapore have reached a consensus on CGSSP, collectively signing a cooperation framework agreement on April 28, 2017, the contents of which are involved in the regular trains loaded with containers from Chongqing to Guangxi’s Beibu Gulf Port and eventually to Singapore, the highway freight transportation route linking China and the Indo-China Peninsula, the cooperation in air logistics, and so on.Moreover, on May 18, 2017, Pingxiang Integrated Free Trade Zone, located in GBGEZ, signed a framework agreement with Chongqing Highway Transportation Group, which is aimed at building a southward logistics route linking Chongqing, Pingxiang and ASEAN.

Han Changbao, director of China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity Authority, stated that, under the Belt and Road Initiative, the passageway should be a concept of multiple dimensions,which not only includes railway,highway and so on, but also involves various routes and a diversi fi ed portfolio of transportation means.

A transportation system of trains and container liners

Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port has established marine transportation ties with 47 ports in seven ASEAN countries, and its regular foreign trade liners loaded with containers are sailing along the 21stCentury Maritime Silk Road.

As the construction of CGSSP advances,the traditional transportation route from Chongqing to ASEAN will be changed.The CXERL connects to the Silk Road Economic Belt in the north while the CGSSP leads to the 21stCentury Maritime Silk Road as well as the Indo-China Peninsula in the south, making the Belt and Road linked with the Yangtze River Economic Zone and powering the development and opening-up of and the synergy of China’s western regions.

Chongqing is a significant city in western China and a transportation hub of the route. Li Jing, dean of the School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University,believed that opening CGSSP indicates that Chongqing will blaze a new trail of“going global”, and will change its role as a shipping center on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River into an inland international logistics hub.

Peng Qinghua, Secretary of the Party Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, noted that the most convenient access to the sea is located in Beibu Gulf, and that it will be signi fi cant for Guangxi’s inclusion into the Belt and Road construction and for the exchanges and cooperation with Singapore to make CGSSP linked with its northern and southern destinations; besides,boasting resources required by land and sea routes, GBGEZ will embrace a new round of opening-up and development,and it will be considerably boosted to develop maritime economy.

When stepping up the opening-up and development of China’s western regions and making CGSSP a demonstration project of the Belt and Road Initiative,the existing route of transporting Southeastern cargoes will be gradually changed. Malaysia’s coffee, for example,can be shipped from Singapore to Qinzhou Port, allocated northwards to China’s Yunnan, Chongqing and Sichuan, and then delivered via the Alataw Pass to Central Asian countries like Kazakhstan along the CXERL,according to Teo Siong Seng, managing director of PIL-Pacific International Lines.

Chongqing-Guangxi-Singapore “Southward Passageway”:An Access for Trains Heading Towards the Outside World

Written by Li Min / Translated by Xu Zhiliang