楊 貞,甯交琳,顧健騰,易 斌,魯開(kāi)智
(第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西南醫(yī)院麻醉科,重慶 400038)
論著·臨床研究
右美托咪定對(duì)肝門阻斷手術(shù)血漿SDF-1表達(dá)水平的影響*
楊 貞,甯交琳,顧健騰,易 斌,魯開(kāi)智△
(第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西南醫(yī)院麻醉科,重慶 400038)
目的 觀察肝門阻斷患者圍術(shù)期血漿SDF-1表達(dá)水平的變化及右美托咪定對(duì)其的影響。方法 將50例擇期行肝癌切除術(shù)的患者[年齡42~71歲,體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)18.5~26.0 kg/m2,ASA分級(jí)Ⅱ~Ⅲ級(jí)]分為對(duì)照組及右美托咪定組,每組各25例。右美托咪定組在麻醉誘導(dǎo)前15 min開(kāi)始持續(xù)泵注右美托咪定1 μg/kg,誘導(dǎo)后泵注速度改為0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1,直至手術(shù)結(jié)束前15 min;對(duì)照組以同樣的方法靜脈持續(xù)輸注相同容量的0.9%氯化鈉注射液。兩組患者分別于術(shù)前1 h(T0)、術(shù)后1 h(T1)、1 d(T2)、3 d(T3)采集外周靜脈血,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測(cè)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血漿中SDF-1的表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果 兩組患者術(shù)中肝臟切除范圍、出血量、第一肝門血管阻斷時(shí)間、麻醉時(shí)間及術(shù)前血漿SDF-1水平比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。與術(shù)前相比,術(shù)后T1、T2、T3時(shí)間點(diǎn)血漿SDF-1均明顯升高(P<0.05)。與對(duì)照組相比,右美托咪定組T1、T2、T3時(shí)間點(diǎn)SDF-1表達(dá)水平低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 SDF-1在肝門阻斷患者圍術(shù)期表達(dá)明顯增高,術(shù)中持續(xù)給予右美托咪定能夠顯著降低其表達(dá)水平,從而在一定程度上抑制炎癥細(xì)胞的趨化聚集。
右美托咪定;肝門阻斷術(shù);基質(zhì)細(xì)胞衍生因子-1;圍術(shù)期
在肝癌切除術(shù)中,為了能夠有效切除腫瘤,常用肝門阻斷對(duì)術(shù)中出血進(jìn)行控制。但肝門阻斷術(shù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致肝臟的缺血再灌注損傷,引起肝細(xì)胞的缺氧、壞死。SDF-1是趨化因子CXC亞家族的一員,又稱為CXCL12(CXC chemokine ligand-12),其通過(guò)與CXCR4 N端區(qū)域和細(xì)胞外環(huán)-2(extracellular loop-2,ECL-2)結(jié)合啟動(dòng)下游PI3K/Akt、MAPK/ERK、JAK/STAT 等信號(hào)通路來(lái)調(diào)控細(xì)胞的增殖、運(yùn)動(dòng)、趨化、黏附和分泌功能表達(dá)[1]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)SDF-1對(duì)淋巴細(xì)胞和單核細(xì)胞有很強(qiáng)的趨化作用,從而促進(jìn)炎性反應(yīng)以及炎性血管新生[2-3]。SDF-1同時(shí)在肝癌細(xì)胞的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移中起到重要作用[4]。動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)表明肝臟的缺血再灌注損傷會(huì)明顯增加血漿中SDF-1的表達(dá)水平[5]。然而,在臨床病例中肝門阻斷術(shù)患者圍術(shù)期SDF-1的表達(dá)情況以及右美托咪定對(duì)其表達(dá)的影響,值得深入探究。為此,筆者對(duì)本院2014年6月至2015年12月50例擇期行肝門阻斷術(shù)的患者圍術(shù)期血漿SDF-1的表達(dá)水平及右美托咪定的影響進(jìn)行了探討。
1.1 一般資料 本研究于2014年6月至2015年12月進(jìn)行,選取本院擇期行肝癌切除術(shù)的肝癌患者50例。男26例,女24例,年齡42~71歲,體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)18.5~26.0 kg/m2,ASA分級(jí)Ⅱ~Ⅲ級(jí),接受手術(shù)治療前未進(jìn)行過(guò)放療、化療,腎臟、心臟和肺臟等各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均正常;術(shù)前無(wú)急性肝炎及其他全身性疾?。慌懦褂每咕幬?、激素類藥物的患者;排除不配合試驗(yàn)觀察以及患有精神疾病的患者。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將最終入選患者分成對(duì)照組和右美托咪定組,每組25例,兩組患者在性別、年齡、BMI、ASA分級(jí)等方面比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。本研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者均知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 麻醉方式 術(shù)前患者禁食8 h以上,均不使用術(shù)前藥?;颊呷胧液蟪R?guī)開(kāi)放靜脈通道,靜脈輸注乳酸鈉林格液10 mL/kg,局部麻醉下行橈動(dòng)脈穿刺置管。手術(shù)全程監(jiān)測(cè)心率(HR)、血壓(BP)、心電圖(ECG)、血氧飽和度(SPO2)、呼氣末二氧化碳濃度(PETCO2)、腦電雙頻指數(shù)(BIS)、連續(xù)鼻咽溫度等。右美托咪定組在麻醉誘導(dǎo)前15 min開(kāi)始持續(xù)泵注右美托咪定1 μg/kg,誘導(dǎo)后泵注速度改為0.4 μg/kg,直至手術(shù)結(jié)束前15 min;對(duì)照組以同樣的方法靜脈持續(xù)輸注相同容量的0.9%氯化鈉注射液。對(duì)照組和右美托咪定組麻醉誘導(dǎo)和維持方法相同,誘導(dǎo)前面罩吸入純氧3 min,氧流量6 L/min。麻醉誘導(dǎo):靜脈注射丙泊酚2 mg/kg、舒芬太尼2 μg/kg和維庫(kù)溴銨0.1 mg/kg。麻醉維持:快速氣管內(nèi)插管后連接麻醉機(jī)行七氟烷吸入麻醉,在10 min內(nèi)將七氟烷初始呼氣末濃度調(diào)節(jié)為1.6%。呼吸參數(shù):氧流量1.2 L/min(氧濃度50%),潮氣量8~10 mL/kg,呼吸頻率12次/min,吸呼比1.0∶2.0,維持PETCO235 mm Hg左右。鎮(zhèn)痛使用舒芬太尼0.04 μg/kg靜脈泵注,肌松使用維庫(kù)溴銨0.1 mg/kg間斷靜脈注射。手術(shù)期間維持BIS值40~50,維持術(shù)中血壓、心率平穩(wěn)。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 分別于手術(shù)前1 h(T0)、術(shù)后1 h(T1)、1 d(T2)、3 d(T3)采集外周靜脈血2 mL,2 500 r/min離心15 min,取上清液于-20 ℃保存。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)法(ELISA)測(cè)定血漿SDF-1水平。
2.1 兩組患者術(shù)前及術(shù)中情況比較 兩組患者術(shù)前一般情況,其各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)之間差異沒(méi)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。對(duì)手術(shù)過(guò)程中肝門阻斷時(shí)間、出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、麻醉時(shí)間進(jìn)行比較,差異亦無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
表1 兩組患者術(shù)前各項(xiàng)基本指標(biāo)的比較
表2 兩組患者術(shù)中情況比較
2.2 兩組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血漿SDF-1表達(dá)變化 與術(shù)前相比,術(shù)后T1、T2、T3時(shí)間點(diǎn)血漿SDF-1均明顯升高(P<0.05);與對(duì)照組相比,右美托咪定組T1、T2、T3時(shí)間點(diǎn)SDF-1表達(dá)水平低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
表3 兩組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血漿SDF-1表達(dá)水平
#:P<0.05,與T0比較;*:P<0.05,與對(duì)照組相同時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較。
SDF-1是趨化因子CXC家族中的一員,在介導(dǎo)免疫炎性反應(yīng)以及炎癥性血管新生中具有重要作用。SDF-1對(duì)淋巴細(xì)胞、單核細(xì)胞及樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞具有高效的趨化作用,能誘導(dǎo)T 細(xì)胞滾動(dòng)并緊密黏附于活化的內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞上,從而介導(dǎo)循環(huán)中的炎癥細(xì)胞通過(guò)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞到達(dá)局部,具有放射狀細(xì)胞積聚現(xiàn)象[6]。這表明SDF-1是免疫及局部炎癥中的一個(gè)重要調(diào)節(jié)因子。最近的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)SDF-1-CXCR4軸是調(diào)控炎癥性血管新生的重要因子,這對(duì)于腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)和進(jìn)展也是非常關(guān)鍵的[7-8]。
在局部缺血區(qū)域SDF-1的表達(dá)會(huì)明顯升高,Ceradini等[8]發(fā)現(xiàn)SDF-1蛋白在缺血組織血管及血管周圍表達(dá)明顯升高且表達(dá)水平與缺血程度直接相關(guān)[8],在組織缺血缺氧早期的6 h里,小動(dòng)脈及肌肉纖維中即可出現(xiàn)SDF-1表達(dá)明顯升高,3 d達(dá)到高峰,并且血漿中SDF-1水平也會(huì)明顯升高[9]?;颊咴谑中g(shù)過(guò)程中由于需要反復(fù)阻斷肝門血管,會(huì)出現(xiàn)缺血再灌注損傷,有研究表明肝臟的缺血再灌注損傷會(huì)促進(jìn)結(jié)腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)[5]。右美托咪定是一種新型、高選擇性腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑,可通過(guò)抗交感神經(jīng)、抑制細(xì)胞凋亡、抑制氧化應(yīng)激及炎性反應(yīng)等多種途徑對(duì)重要臟器起保護(hù)作用[9],并且多項(xiàng)研究表明右美托咪定對(duì)臟器的缺血再灌注損傷有明顯的保護(hù)作用[10-12]。然而這種保護(hù)作用是否對(duì)降低肝門阻斷術(shù)圍術(shù)期SDF-1的表達(dá)尚未有明確的研究報(bào)道。
在本研究中,筆者觀察了行肝門阻斷術(shù)的患者圍術(shù)期血漿SDF-1表達(dá)水平的變化及右美托咪定對(duì)其的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)患者在行肝門阻斷術(shù)后各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血漿中SDF-1的表達(dá)水平均明顯高于術(shù)前,提示術(shù)中由于肝門阻斷導(dǎo)致的肝缺血再灌注損傷明顯增加了SDF-1的表達(dá)。而與對(duì)照組相比,右美托咪定組T1、T2、T3時(shí)間點(diǎn)SDF-1表達(dá)水平均低于對(duì)照組。說(shuō)明右美托咪定對(duì)圍術(shù)期肝臟缺血再灌注損傷的保護(hù)作用明顯降低了SDF-1的表達(dá)水平。
綜上所述,SDF-1在肝門阻斷手術(shù)圍術(shù)期表達(dá)明顯增高,術(shù)中持續(xù)給予右美托咪定能夠顯著降低其表達(dá)水平,從而一定程度抑制術(shù)后炎癥細(xì)胞的趨化聚集及炎癥性血管新生。
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Effect of dexmedetomidine on plasma SDF-1 levels in hepatic portal occlusion operation*
Yang Zhen,Ning Jiaolin,Gu Jianteng,Yi Bing,Lu Kaizhi△
(Department of Anesthesiology,Southwest Hospital,Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China)
[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine on plasma SDF-1 level in in hepatic portal occlusion operation.Methods Fifty patients with live cancer undergoing elective partial hepatectomy were selected,no gender limitation,aged 42 to 71,body mass index(BMI) 18.5 ~ 26.0 kg/m2,ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ.The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=25):control group and dexmedetomidine group.The dexmedetomidine group was performed the pump injection of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg at 15 min before induction of anesthesia.After induction the rate was changed to 0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1until 15 min before the end of operation;the control group adopted the same method for conducting continuous intravenous infusion of the same capacity of 0.9% sodium chloride.The peripheral venous blood was collected in 2 groups at preoperative 1 h (T0),postoperative 1 h(T1),postoperative 1 d (T2),postoperative 3 d(T3).The plasma SDF-1 level was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results There was no statistically significant difference in liver resection range,blood loss,first porta hepatis vessel occlusion time,anesthesia time and plasma SDF-1 level before surgery between the two groups (P>0.05).Compared with pre-operation,plasma SDF-1level at T1,T2,T3 time point was significantly increased (P<0.05).The plasma SDF-1 level at T1,T2,T3 time point in the dexmedetomidine group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion SDF-1 expression is significantly increased during perioperative period in the patients with hepatic portal occlusion operation,and intraoperative continuous dexmedetomidine can significantly reduce the SDF-1 level,which inhibits the chemotaxis and accumulation of inflammatory cells to some extent.
Dexmedetomidine;hepatic portal occlusion operation;stromal cell derived factor-1;perioperation
10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2017.13.012
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81270510)。 作者簡(jiǎn)介:楊貞(1983-),本科,主治醫(yī)師,主要從事肝病及麻醉方面的研究?!?/p>
,E-mail:lukaizhi2010@163.com。
R614
A
1671-8348(2017)13-1765-03
2016-12-05
2017-01-23)