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認知語言學的交叉與跨界研究

[主持人語] 本專欄共5篇文章，涉及認知語言學的交叉和跨界研究。文旭和趙耿林在梳理認知拓撲性、語言拓撲性及其關聯(lián)性的基礎上，提出認知拓撲語言學這一新興交叉學科。認知拓撲語言學是將拓撲學的思維和方法運用到認知語言學研究中的一種新方法和新趨勢，其主要內(nèi)容包括認知拓撲等價觀、認知拓撲連通觀和認知拓撲連續(xù)觀。林正軍和董曉明對功能語言學中的語法隱喻進行認知轉喻解讀。他們認為概念語法隱喻表達式所體現(xiàn)的不同語義往往凸顯同一事件中的不同概念要素；人際語法隱喻表達式所體現(xiàn)的不同語義凸顯情態(tài)或語氣的不同要素。語法隱喻不同表達式所對應的表述意義之間存在關聯(lián)性，即轉喻關系。魏在江和李仕春的兩篇文章從認知語言學視域研究了漢語的句法和詞匯問題。魏在江從語法轉喻這一新的視角對漢語特有的體詞謂語句進行考察。從體詞謂語句所體現(xiàn)的構式整體性和能產(chǎn)性論證了體詞謂語句的構式特征；從替代指稱、完型凸顯、語義動因三個方面探討了體詞謂語句的語法轉喻認知機制；以英語為參照，從語言類型學及漢語意合特點對其理據(jù)性予以觀照。該研究認為語法轉喻改變了體詞謂語句的句法結構和語法屬性，同時也改變了其語義指向，語法轉喻是此類結構產(chǎn)生的重要動因。李仕春在回顧以“字”、“詞”和“語素”為單位的漢語復合詞構成的基礎上，提出以“義素”為單位的探索路徑。以單音詞復音化和人類認知規(guī)律為切入點，探討復合詞構成的特點。作者認為，以“義素”為單位探討漢語復合詞的構成可以清楚細致地描寫出復合詞構成單位的語義成分在組成復合詞詞義后的種種變化，最終能據(jù)此建立真正基于人類認知的漢語構詞法體系。孫毅和曾昕認為反復和隱喻之間存在關聯(lián)性，主要表現(xiàn)在：語言結構具有非組合性特征；反復不僅是一種修辭手段，更是人們認知世界的方式；隱喻可以彌補從字面意義理解反復現(xiàn)象的缺憾?；诖耍麄冋J為反復這一修辭現(xiàn)象與概念隱喻同質，創(chuàng)造性地提出了“反復隱喻”這一概念；并以英漢對比為出發(fā)點，考究兩種不同語言所表現(xiàn)出的異同及其動因。本專欄的這些研究相互呼應，各有側重，其研究結果不僅有利于認知語言學自身的學科發(fā)展，對語言學的其他學科方向的研究也有借鑒作用，具有重要的學術價值。

Interdisciplinary and Cross-linguistic Studies of Cognitive Linguistics

[Host Words] This volume comprises of 5 papers；highlighting the interdisciplinary and cross-linguistic studies of cognitive linguistics. By reviewing the topology of cognition；the topology of language and their relations；Wen Xu and Zhao Genglin put forward a new discipline—cognitive topological linguistics；which is a new method and trend to cognitive linguistics. In light of grammatical metaphor；Lin Zhengjun and Dong Xiaoming hold that in ideational grammatical metaphor；the meanings realized by different grammatical forms profile disparate elements of the same event；in interpersonal grammatical metaphor；the meanings of different grammatical forms profile divergent elements of modality or mood. The meanings of different grammatical forms are in a relation of metonymy. Wei Zaijiang studies the Chinese nominal-predicate sentences in light of grammatical metonymy；which is a new perspective to explore this kind of construciton. The research finds that grammatical metonymy influences the structure of nominal-predicate sentence；changes the grammatical nature；and affects the semantic profile；therefore，it is one of the main motivations of this kind of construction. Li Shichun proposes to explore the construction of compounds in terms of sememe. He explicates that this kind of explanation can describe the semantic change of the constituent units after they are compounded. The mechanism of word formation can constructed in terms of human cognition. In view of the interpretation that repetition and metaphor are closely related；Sun Yi and Zeng Xin conclude that repetition and conceptual metaphor are homogeneous；and creatively bring forward the concept of “repetition metaphor”. The results of these studies are not only beneficial to the development of cognitive linguistics itself；but also useful for other disciplines of linguistics；therefore；they all have important academic values.