左云

There be 結(jié)構(gòu)在新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中定義在六個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型之一。在英語(yǔ)中表示某個(gè)地方或時(shí)間存在某物，就要用There be 句型。其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，本身無詞義，be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而主語(yǔ)就在be后面。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“There be +主語(yǔ)（人/物）+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間（介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞）”

如There is a post office near here .附近有一個(gè)郵局。

There is a red car parking here at this time of day . 每天的這個(gè)時(shí)候就有一輛紅色轎車停在這兒。

Watch out ！ _________ is a little boy playing ahead on the road . 【2016江蘇鹽城中考】

A. It B. This C. That D. There

（答案：D）

在中考命題中，除對(duì)這一句型的意義進(jìn)行考核外，還有以下的考點(diǎn)：

考點(diǎn)一：玩轉(zhuǎn)there be 的變身轉(zhuǎn)化

也即是弄明白there be 句型的各種句型轉(zhuǎn)化

（一）改成否定句：直接在be后加上not或no即可。

如：

There are some pictures on the wall.

→There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.

There is a bike behind the tree.

→ There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.

延展：肯定句中出現(xiàn)some或some的不定代詞改成否定句或者疑問句時(shí)要改成any或any的不定代詞，出現(xiàn)and要改為or。

not和no的不同：not是副詞，no為形容詞，not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.。

（二）變成一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞提到句首，句末句號(hào)改成問號(hào)即可?；卮鹩肶es， there is/are. 或No， there isnt/arent.

如：There is some water on Mars. 變一般疑問句→ Is there any water on Mars？

There are some fish in the water. 變一般疑問句→Are there any fish in the water？

---Is there a watermelon on the table ？ 【2016四川南充中考】

---______________

A. Yes ， there is . B. Yes ， it is C. No ， there is . D. No， it isnt

（答案：A）

---Are there any children near the door？門邊有些孩子嗎？

---Yes， there are. 是的，有。 或 —No， there arent. 不是，沒有。

（三）改成特殊疑問句：必須了解是對(duì)there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中什么內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問，懂得用哪個(gè)詞去發(fā)問。

1. 對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候，則用who 引導(dǎo)問句，

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物的時(shí)候，則用what 引導(dǎo)問句。

注意：無論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)之提問時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式（回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定）。

如：There are many things over there. 就劃線部分提問→What is over there？

There is a little girl in the room. 就劃線部分提問→Who is in the room？

2. 對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問：則用where 引導(dǎo)問句。

如：There is a computer on the desk. 就劃線部分提問→ Where is the computer？

There are four children on the playground. 就劃線部分提問→Where are the four children？

3. 對(duì)數(shù)量提問：一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)，意義都是詢問“某處有多少的人或物？”

How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語(yǔ)？

How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語(yǔ)？

如：How much milk is there in the bottle？ 瓶子里有多少牛奶？

How many students are there in your class？ 你們班有多少學(xué)生？

考點(diǎn)二：區(qū)分there be 與have

There be句型與have（has）均表示“有”，但There be句型強(qiáng)調(diào)“某處有某人/某物”，著重“存在”的狀態(tài)；have則強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人有某物”，著重“擁有”。

如：He has two sons. 他有兩個(gè)兒子。

There are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。

但表示“包括”、“存在”的含義是指部分與整體的關(guān)系時(shí)，have與There be 句型可互換。

如： A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個(gè)星期有七天。

There is a swimming pool in the school .= The school has a swimming pool .這間學(xué)校有個(gè)游泳池。

There are three children in my family.我家有三個(gè)孩子。

同意于：

I have three children. 我有三個(gè)孩子。

考點(diǎn)三：be的職責(zé)

（一）be要表現(xiàn)主謂一致性。

There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞要和其后所跟名詞的數(shù)保持一致，遵循就近原則。

如： There________ two sofas and a table in her room. 【2016貴州黔西南中考】

A. have B. is C. are D. was

（答案：C）

若這題目是There________ a table and two sofas in her room.

那答案就要選B了。

There are so many_________ in the pool . And here is some________ for you to keep them . 【2016重慶71中一模】

A. fish ； suggestion B. fishes ； advices

C. fish ； advice D. fishes ； suggestions

（答案：C）

There _________ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________increasing . 【2016山東煙臺(tái)中考】

A. has ； is B. have ； are C. are ； is D. is ； are

（答案：C）

（二）be的時(shí)間性。

也即是指there be 結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，均由be的變化來體現(xiàn)?？梢娤卤?。

如：---Theres going to ________an English evening tonight . Would you like to go with us ？

---Id love to . 【2013貴州銅仁中考】-

A. have B. has C. is D. be

（答案：D）

---There_________ an exciting soccer game on TV last night ， but I missed it .

---Oh ， what a pity ！ 【2016遼寧丹東中考】

A. is B. was C. has D. had

（答案：B）

The weather forecast says that_________ another storm tomorrow .

A. there will have B. there will be C. there has D. there has been

（答案：B）

（三）be的替身詞

there be 句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be被一些不及物動(dòng)詞代替，如 live，stand，lie，come等，用來表示各種存在的不同形式。在初中階段這樣的句子常在閱讀素材中出現(xiàn)。

如：Once upon a time， there lived an old man in the house. 從前，這房里住著個(gè)老人。

There lies a small village in the mountain.山里有個(gè)小村子。

There comes a new day. 新的一天開始了。

There stands a tall tower in the center of the square . 在廣場(chǎng)中央豎立著一座高塔。

（四）be與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞搭檔表達(dá)推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣。

此時(shí)there be 就變身為結(jié)構(gòu)“there +情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+其它”來傳達(dá)如“推測(cè)、預(yù)見、可能、必然" 的存在

如：There may be a coin in that box. 那只盒子里或許有個(gè)硬幣。

There cant be anyone in the house .there is no light through the windows .

這屋子里不可能有人，透過窗戶沒有一點(diǎn)光線。

There might be some desserts if you wait a bit. 如果你等一會(huì)兒，可能會(huì)有甜點(diǎn)。

We hope there will be no more wars. 我們希望再也不會(huì)打仗了。

There must be something wrong with the washing machine.It cant work well.這洗衣機(jī)一定有問題，它不能正常運(yùn)作了。

There _________ a girl singing next door . Cant you hear her beautiful voice ？ 【2016杭州西湖區(qū)一?！?

A. must be B. must have C. cant be D. cant have

（答案：A）

---We can see some wild animals in the forest ， right ？ 【2016江蘇南通中考】

---Its hard to say ，. There ________ be only a few left .

A. may B. must C. need D. should

（答案：A）

（五）be與表狀態(tài)的詞牽手使意義豐富

在初中的閱讀素材中你會(huì)見到如seem ， happen的狀態(tài)詞與there be 組成“there seems to be 似乎有…”或“there happens to be 碰巧有…”

如：There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team . 我們打敗那個(gè)隊(duì)好像沒希望。

There happened to be nobody around . 碰巧周圍沒有人。

考點(diǎn)四：反意疑問句

這一句型的反意疑問句必須用there 進(jìn)行反問。但要注意在there be句型中有沒有no ， nothing ， nobody ， few ， little ， hardly ，seldom 等否定詞或半否定詞，有的話，陳述部分就應(yīng)看作否定句，而簡(jiǎn)短句用肯定式。而陳述部分有表示否定意義前綴的單詞，那仍被看作肯定意義。簡(jiǎn)短句要用否定式。

如：---There is a beautiful park near your school ， ___________？

---Yes ， I often go walking there . 【2016江蘇宿遷中考】

A. is there B. isnt there C. are there D. arent there

（答案：B）

There is a little meat in the fridge ， is there ？

There was an unusual car under the tree ， wasnt there ？

There wont be a fashion show this weekend ， will there ？

There usednt to be a school at the foot of the hill ，used there ？/ did there？

There happened to be a policeman standing at the corner of the street ， didnt there ？

考點(diǎn)五：主語(yǔ)與實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系

（一）在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)的后面常有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行狀態(tài)說明補(bǔ)充。

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是這一實(shí)意動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“there be +主語(yǔ)+. doing sth.”

如：---There are some boys ______ basketball over there. 【2016湖北恩施州中考】

---Let's go and join them.

A. are playing B. playing C. to play

（答案：B）

（翻譯填空）瞧， 有一些女孩在樹下跳舞?！?016福州市中考】

Look！ There ________ some girls __________ under the tree .

（答案：are ； dancing ）

（二）而主語(yǔ)是這一實(shí)意動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的接受者時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“there be +主語(yǔ)+. Done.”

如：There are lots of coins saved in the piggy bank . 這存錢罐里存著許多硬幣。

There are five minutes left now .現(xiàn)在只有5分鐘了。

（三）有時(shí)主語(yǔ)為事物，事情，而實(shí)意動(dòng)詞也可用動(dòng)詞不定式形式，實(shí)現(xiàn)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。

如：There is a lot of work to do . 有許多工作要做。

There is nothing to do . 無事可做。

There is no moment to lose . 刻不容緩。

考點(diǎn)六：習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)

（一）There is something wrong with … 某物出毛病了，有問題了。

如：---Whats the matter ， Jenny ？ 【2016湖北武漢中考】

---_____________ something wrong with my bike

A. It is B. There is C. I have D. It has

（答案：B）

Drive slowly ， Mary .__________ is something ahead on the road . 【2016安徽中考】

A. It B. This C. That D. There

（答案：D）

（二）There is no need to do sth. 沒必要做…

如： There is no need to worry. 沒必要擔(dān)心。

There is no need to be in a hurry . 沒必要著急。

（三）There is no doubt that … 毫無疑問的是…

如： There is no doubt that he is not telling the truth . 毫無疑問的，他說的并非事實(shí)。

There is no doubt that your parents love you so much . 你的父母很愛你，這是毫無疑問的。

在新課標(biāo)中，要求初中階段的學(xué)生了解這一語(yǔ)言形式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和表意功能，注意其規(guī)律并舉一反三，整理歸納。能通實(shí)際運(yùn)用去體會(huì)和掌握這一知識(shí)。甚至在使用中能意識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤并能對(duì)其進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)募m正。在此，我將there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)并延展。望能幫助進(jìn)入復(fù)習(xí)階段的中考生們些幫助。