施滿容++龔林光++陸志平

摘 要：目的：探究閩東、三明、泉州3個(gè)地區(qū)6個(gè)縣野生金線蓮有效成分含量的差異。方法：采用紫外分光光度法對(duì)其多糖、氨基酸、黃酮、生物堿含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定。結(jié)果：閩東4個(gè)縣野生金線蓮的多糖、總氨基酸、總黃酮、生物堿含量均高于德化金線蓮，多糖高14.0%～26.0%，總氨基酸高10.1%～20.4%，總黃酮高14.1%～28.1%，生物堿高3.7%～19.5%，差異顯著或極顯著；周寧、壽寧野生金線蓮的黃酮、生物堿含量也高于永安金線蓮，黃酮高6.9%～13.9%，生物堿高2.2%～5.4%，差異顯著。結(jié)論：閩東野生金線蓮有效成分含量較高，具有一定開(kāi)發(fā)和利用優(yōu)勢(shì)。本試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果對(duì)于進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)利用野生金線蓮資源，組織培養(yǎng)材料的選擇和大量發(fā)展金線蓮產(chǎn)業(yè)具有一定指導(dǎo)意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：不同地區(qū)；野生金線蓮；有效成分；比較

中圖分類號(hào) R284.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-7731（2016）24-0107-04

The Comparison of Effective Composition Content in Different Localities of Wild Anoectochilus roxburghii

Shi Manrong1 et al.

（1Ningde Vocational and Technical College，F(xiàn)u'an355000，China）

Abstract：To explore the differences of the effective composition content of wild Anoectochilus roxburghii in the six counties of Mindong，Sanming and Quanzhou in Fujian. The determination of the content of polysaccharide，the total flavonoids，the total amino acids，the total alkaloids of wild Anoectochilus roxburghii was by UV spectrophotometry.Results shows that the content of polysaccharide，flavonoids，amino acids，alkaloids of wild Anoectochilus roxburghii in the four counties of Mindong area is higher than that in Dehua County，the polysaccharide content is higher by 14.0%～26.0%，the total amino acid content is higher by 10.1%～20.4%，the total flavonoids content is higher by 14.1%～28.1%，and the total alkaloid content is higher by 3.7%～19.5%，between which existing significant or extremely remarkable differences；The content of flavonoids and alkaloids of wild Anoectochilus roxburghii in Zhouning and Shouning County is also significantly higher than that in Yong'an County，the total flavonoids content is higher by 6.9%～13.9%，and the alkaloid content is higher by 2.2%～5.4%. On the whole，the active ingredients of wild Anoectochilus roxburghii in Mindong area are higher，showing certain advantages of development and utilization. This test result has certain guiding significance for the further utilization of wild Anoectochilus roxburghii，for the choice of tissue culture materials，and for the massive development of Anoectochilus roxburghii industry.

Key words：Different regions；Wild Anoectochilus roxburghii；Active ingredients；Comparison

金線蘭（Anoectochilus roxburghii）俗稱金線蓮，系蘭科開(kāi)唇蘭屬多年生草本植物，福建省珍稀瀕危保護(hù)植物。該屬植物在我國(guó)有20種，2個(gè)變種[1]。由于其對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境要求嚴(yán)格，加之近年自然環(huán)境遭受嚴(yán)重破壞，以及人工過(guò)度采挖，野生金線蓮越來(lái)越少。有研究表明，金線蓮含有多糖、氨基酸、生物堿、黃酮、微量元素、強(qiáng)心苷類、有機(jī)酸、甾體化合物等多種成分。金線蓮中的微量元素含量、氨基酸總含量以及8種人體必需氨基酸的含量均高于野生和國(guó)產(chǎn)西洋參[2-5]。金線蓮在民間使用范圍較廣，全草可入藥，可除濕解毒，消炎、止血降壓、強(qiáng)心利尿，對(duì)急慢性肝炎、急慢性腎炎、腎衰竭、青春痘、大小便出血、心臟無(wú)力、高血壓、高血脂、糖尿病、癌癥、感冒、婦科疾病、風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎、毒蛇咬傷、小兒驚風(fēng)發(fā)燒等都有非常明顯的療效。近年來(lái)，金線蓮在治療高血壓、糖尿病及腫瘤方面，日益引起醫(yī)學(xué)界的重視[6-8]。當(dāng)前野生金線蓮已經(jīng)不能滿足市場(chǎng)的需求，為了保護(hù)和利用金線蓮這一珍貴藥用植物資源，發(fā)展金線蓮的人工栽培勢(shì)在必行。組織快繁種質(zhì)資源選擇是關(guān)鍵，因而對(duì)不同生長(zhǎng)地野生金線蓮主要有效成分進(jìn)行測(cè)定具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本試驗(yàn)采用紫外分光光度法，對(duì)福建不同地區(qū)野生金線蓮進(jìn)行了多糖、氨基酸、黃酮、生物堿含量的測(cè)定，以期為更好地開(kāi)發(fā)利用和栽培該藥材資源提供依據(jù)。