楊波

摘 要： 考研英語閱讀文章通常選自國外一些學術性較強的期刊及雜志，詞匯量多且覆蓋面廣，包括教育、新聞、財經(jīng)、法律、文化、生物等領域，需要考生博聞強記；閱讀文章中還大量出現(xiàn)熟詞生義的考點，要求考生在復習時有意識地歸納并總結英語高頻詞的一詞多義及一詞多性的用法。除此之外，閱讀文章中長難句較多，涉及多種語法知識，同時正確理解段落內部及段與段之間的邏輯關系也是準確把握文章主題的必要條件。

關鍵詞： 考研英語 閱讀理解 詞匯 邏輯關系

一、詞匯

詞匯量直接影響考研英語閱讀的速度及準確性，在備考之初需做出詳細的計劃，除了每日定期背誦詞匯外，還應利用有效的方法巧記單詞：

1.常用的前后詞綴。表否定含義的前綴：“ir”，“il”，“im”，“ab”，如regular，irregular；legal，illegal；mature，immature；normal，abnormal等。

2.形容詞后綴：“al”，“ive”，able”，“culture，cultural；drink，drinkable；act，active；protect，protective等。

3.結合常用術語背記單詞：如規(guī)則動詞regular verb，可數(shù)名詞 countable noun，銀行職員banking professional，有影響力的人物，influential figure，新興市場，emerging market等。

4.熟詞生意：cell常用含義是“細胞”，生僻意思為“牢房”；climate常用含義為“氣候”，生僻意思為“風尚”；mirror除了做名詞用，表示“鏡子”外，還可以用作動詞“反映了”。

二、邏輯關系

一個段落里各句之間，各段之間存在一定的邏輯關系，即句與句之間、段與段之間在結構上和語義上的聯(lián)系，這種關系通常借助連接詞把上下文意思串聯(lián)起來，了解這些連接詞的用法有助于做出快速而準確的判斷與選擇。

1.并列關系：and，and also，as well as，furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，or，or else，alternatively，likewise，namely，in the same way，etc.

2.列舉關系：and，then，first，to begin with，second，finally，eventually，in the end，etc.

This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First，consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”... Second，customers may be willing to buy a companys products... And third，through a more diffuse “halo effect”...

3.復現(xiàn)關系：主要通過原詞、同義詞、上下義詞、概括詞或其他形式重復出現(xiàn)來體現(xiàn)這種句與句之間的邏輯關系。There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.More and more governments，... want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two，one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together... And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty.

4.轉折關系：all the same，anyhow，as a matter of fact，yet，however，in fact，instead，nevertheless，on the contrary，still，though，incidentally，to change the subject，etc.

In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family，Shakespeare and the National Health Service （NHS）as what make them proudest of their country，this has limited political support.

5.解釋關系：in other words，namely，that is，thats to say，so to speak，mean，refer to，etc.

6.因果關系：for，because，due to，owing to，as a result of，result from，accordingly，consequently，hence，now，so，therefore，thus，as a result，in consequence，for that reason，etc.

7.例證關系：for example，for instance，take the case of，take…for example，a good case，consider，witness，such as，etc.

8.概括關系：in sum，in short，in brief，to conclude，to sum up，to summarize，in conclusion，therefore，in that case，overall，（all） in all，etc.

This，in brief，is what the futurist says：for a century，past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up... Consequently，our feelings，thoughts，and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.

9.通過詞匯重復體現(xiàn)段落主題：Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomassof fish species in particular parts of the ocean，but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature，the biomass of large predators is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.

綜上所述，擴大英語詞匯量、敏銳地找出文章內部及段與段之間的邏輯關系可以大大提高英語閱讀速度及準確率，是考研英語的重要備考要素。