雷偉偉 張捍衛(wèi) 孫 茜
1 河南理工大學(xué)測(cè)繪與國(guó)土信息工程學(xué)院,焦作市世紀(jì)大道2001號(hào),454000
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引潮位展開(kāi)的不同規(guī)格化形式及其轉(zhuǎn)換
雷偉偉1張捍衛(wèi)1孫 茜1
1 河南理工大學(xué)測(cè)繪與國(guó)土信息工程學(xué)院,焦作市世紀(jì)大道2001號(hào),454000
在引潮位展開(kāi)過(guò)程中,為使大地系數(shù)的數(shù)值在不同階次中保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,對(duì)其進(jìn)行規(guī)格化處理。從引潮位的基本理論公式出發(fā),在分析締合勒讓德函數(shù)及其完全規(guī)格化的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了引潮位展開(kāi)中3類(lèi)不同規(guī)格化(Doodson規(guī)格化、Cartwright & Tayler規(guī)格化、Hartmann & Wenzel規(guī)格化)公式的具體形式,得到3者之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系與轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)。同時(shí)給出Doodson規(guī)格化中2~6階規(guī)格化因子的具體數(shù)值,指出并改正Doodson、Roosbeek文獻(xiàn)和IERS 2003、2010規(guī)范中的3處錯(cuò)誤。
完全規(guī)格化締合勒讓德函數(shù);大地系數(shù);潮波分量;規(guī)格化因子;IERS 規(guī)范
引潮位展開(kāi)是地球物理、空間科學(xué)、天文/測(cè)地學(xué)研究的基本理論問(wèn)題。Doodson[1]首先基于勒讓德函數(shù)和球面天文學(xué)的相關(guān)理論,通過(guò)對(duì)引潮位理論公式進(jìn)行演繹推導(dǎo),實(shí)施了引潮位的完全解析展開(kāi)。Cartwright等[2]、Hartmann等[3]、Kudryavtsev[4]對(duì)引潮位的理論數(shù)值序列進(jìn)行頻譜分析,得到潮波分量的頻率和振幅。在展開(kāi)過(guò)程中,學(xué)者們均將引潮位統(tǒng)一表達(dá)為“大地系數(shù)”與“潮波分量”之積的形式,其中“大地系數(shù)”由兩部分組成,分別為測(cè)站地心緯度φ和測(cè)站地心距r的函數(shù)。各階次中與r相關(guān)的函數(shù)極值均約等于1,而與φ相關(guān)的函數(shù)極值變化甚大。為使“大地系數(shù)”的數(shù)值在不同階次中保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,在各展開(kāi)過(guò)程中都對(duì)“大地系數(shù)”進(jìn)行了規(guī)格化處理。規(guī)格化方法主要有3類(lèi):Doodson規(guī)格化、Cartwright & Tayler規(guī)格化、Hartmann & Wenzel規(guī)格化。
郗欽文[5]研究了前兩類(lèi)規(guī)格化之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系,給出了2~4階的Doodson規(guī)格化因子與轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)的具體數(shù)值。IERS規(guī)范[6-7]給出了2~3階的各規(guī)格化之間的轉(zhuǎn)換參數(shù),但個(gè)別參數(shù)有誤。這些轉(zhuǎn)換參數(shù)都是通過(guò)對(duì)“大地系數(shù)”各階次的具體展開(kāi)式進(jìn)行比對(duì)后得出的,并未從理論層面揭示出轉(zhuǎn)換參數(shù)的內(nèi)在實(shí)質(zhì)。本文擬從引潮位展開(kāi)的理論公式出發(fā),通過(guò)對(duì)3類(lèi)規(guī)格化方法本質(zhì)的描述,揭示3類(lèi)方法間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系,并給出轉(zhuǎn)換參數(shù)的一般化公式形式。
某歷元天體對(duì)地面某測(cè)站點(diǎn)總的引潮位V為[8]:
(1)
式中,GMJ為萬(wàn)有引力常數(shù)與天體J的質(zhì)量之積,RJ、r分別表示天體、測(cè)站點(diǎn)的地心距,ZJ為天體與測(cè)站之間的地心天頂距:
cosZJ=sinφsinδJ+cosφcosδJcosHJ
(2)
(3)
式中,(αJ,δJ)、(λ,φ)分別表示天體、測(cè)站點(diǎn)在地心參考系中的地心經(jīng)度、地心緯度,HJ為天體的地方時(shí)角。
2.1 Doodson規(guī)格化公式及其展開(kāi)式
定義Doodson常數(shù)DJ為:
(4)
式中,a為地球參考橢球長(zhǎng)半徑,cJ為天體J到地球的平均地心距。
將式(1)改寫(xiě)為:
(5)
表1 2~6階的
2.2 Hartmann & Wenzel規(guī)格化公式及其展開(kāi)式
由文獻(xiàn)[9]可知:
Pn(cosZJ)=
(6)
故文獻(xiàn)[3]將式(1)表達(dá)為如下形式:
(7)
2.3 Cartwright & Tayler規(guī)格化公式及其展開(kāi)式
(8)
并將式(1)改寫(xiě)為:
(9)
3.1 Doodson規(guī)格化與Hartmann & Wenzel規(guī)格化之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
將式(7)改寫(xiě)為:
(10)
(11)
因此,Doodson規(guī)格化與Hartmann & Wenzel規(guī)格化之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系為:
(12)
式(5)是將式(2)代入Pn(cosZJ)展開(kāi)式后合并同類(lèi)項(xiàng)得到的。事實(shí)上,根據(jù)式(6),Doodson規(guī)格化公式的本質(zhì)為:
(13)
3.2 Hartmann & Wenzel規(guī)格化與Cartwright & Tayler規(guī)格化之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
將式(8)改寫(xiě)為:
(14)
將式(9)改寫(xiě)為:
(15)
對(duì)比式(7)與式(15),即可得到Cartwright & Tayler規(guī)格化與Hartmann & Wenzel規(guī)格化之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系:
(16)
3.3 Doodson規(guī)格化與Cartwright & Tayler規(guī)格化之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
將式(15)繼續(xù)改寫(xiě)為:
(17)
對(duì)比式(13)與式(17)即可得到Doodson規(guī)格化與Cartwright & Tayler規(guī)格化之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系:
(18)
該轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系也可以通過(guò)式(12)、式(16)間接得到:
(19)
在引潮位展開(kāi)中存在Doodson規(guī)格化、Cartwright & Tayler規(guī)格化、Hartmann & Wenzel規(guī)格化3類(lèi)不同的規(guī)格化方法。郗欽文[5]給出了Doodson規(guī)格化與Hartmann & Wenzel規(guī)格化之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系,并給出了2~4階的Doodson規(guī)格化因子與轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)的具體數(shù)值。本文是對(duì)郗欽文[5]工作的擴(kuò)展,不僅給出了引潮位展開(kāi)中3類(lèi)不同規(guī)格化公式的具體形式,還由此得到3類(lèi)不同規(guī)格化方法之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系與轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)。同時(shí)給出了Doodson規(guī)格化中2~6階規(guī)格化因子與轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)的具體數(shù)值,指出并改正文獻(xiàn)[10]和IERS規(guī)范[6-7]中的兩處錯(cuò)誤。
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About the first author:LEI Weiwei, lecturer, PhD candidate, majors in geodesy, E-mail: geodesy@163.com.
The Different Normalization Forms of Tidal Generating Potential Development and Their Transformation
LEIWeiwei1ZHANGHanwei1SUNQian1
1 School of Geodesy and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2001 Shiji Road, Jiaozuo 454000, China
In the Tidal Generating Potential (TGP) development process, the geodetic coefficient is normalized in order to maintain the relative stability of its value among different degrees and orders. At present, there are three main normalization methods: Doodson normalization, Cartwright & Tayle normalization, and Hartmann & Wenzel normalization. The specific formulas of these normalization methods in TGP development are derived from the basic theoretical formula of TGP, along with analysis of the associated Legendre’s functions and their full normalization forms. On this basis, the transformation relationships and coefficients among the three methods are obtained. At the same time, the specific values of the 2~6 degree and order normalization factors in Doodson normalization are given, while three errors in the treatise of Doodson and Roosbeek and in the IERS 2003,2010 Conventions are pointed out and corrected.
fully normalized associated Legendre functions; geodetic coefficient; tidal wave component; normalization factor; IERS conventions
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41474021; Surveying and Mapping Basic Research Program of NASMG, No.15-01-05.
2016-01-11
項(xiàng)目來(lái)源:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(41474021);國(guó)家測(cè)繪地理信息局測(cè)繪基礎(chǔ)研究基金(15-01-05)。
雷偉偉,講師,博士生,主要從事大地測(cè)量學(xué)研究,E-mail: geodesy@163.com。
10.14075/j.jgg.2016.12.016
1671-5942(2016)012-1105-04
P223
A