How to Know Literature in : From the Perspective Literature in the World or Sinophone Literature—Based on :

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English Abstracts

How to Know Chinese Literature in Singapore: From the Perspective of Chinese Literature in the World or Sinophone Literature
—Based onMemorandum:AReaderofSingaporeChineseShortStories

LIU Jun

SchoolofLiberalArts,NanjingUniversity

Nanjing210023,China

As one kind of globalized literature, Chinese literature around the world was named in two ways: Chinese literature in the World and Sinophone Literature. The former was named by those scholars who mainly came from mainland China, and the latter was named by those scholars who mostly came from the United States. In this paper, author not only attempts to describe the history and summarizes the features of Chinese literature in the world and sinophone literature separately, but also intends to compare and analyze the differences between the two concepts. Furthermore, according to the two ancestries, the essay also wants to explain the position and destiny of Chinese literature in Singapore with the book Memorandum: A Reader of Singapore Chinese Short Stories.

Chinese literature in the world; Sinophone literature; Chinese literature in Singapore

Feeling Crowded of the Space:
One City Culture of Hong Kong

LING Yu， XUE Ya-cong

LiteratureCollege,SouthChinaNormalUniversity

Guangzhou510006,China

Abstract:Because of the narrowness and crowding, people in Hong Kongfrequently find themselves trapped in a tiny space. From the perspective of physical space, Hong Kong grew from the form of vertical to that of volumetric. Tang building in early time, the heritage of Lingnan culture which was influenced by the Western culture as well, was characterized by the inner space sectioned to many smaller ones. After the 1960s, most citizens lived in the skyscrapers, and the symbol of the pipe, troglodyte and the frizzy man became metaphors of the stereoscopic reality. As to the aspect of psychological space, the writers created the sign of Door and Window to denote the theme of peep and escape and represent the spirit of “My City”. For the presentation of the crowded space in Hong Kong, writers have different ways of writing: the style of Xixi, Luo Qirui and Xu Anhua is warm and optimistic, while the style of Wang Jiawei, Pan Guoling and Han Lizhu is gray and anxious, which suggests the state of people’ mind in modern Hong Kong.

Key words:crowed feeling of the space; vertical city; volumetric city; siege; escaping from the ci-ty; utopia; heterotopia

Do FDI Firms Have Higher Environmental Efficiency
—Take Dongguan as an Example

WANG Bing, LIU Ya

CollegeofEconomic,JinanUniversity

Guangzhou510632,China

Abstract:When dividing the whole production into production progress and management progress, our study shows that compared to domestic firms, FDI firms have higher environmental efficiency owing to higher management efficiency while the production efficiency is not significantly different from that of domestic firms. The results indicate that FDI firms don’t employ cleaner production technology in the production progress. On the contrary, they mainly make extensive production with our cheap resource which results in more pollution and then strengthen pollution abatement to meet the environmental standard. Further research suggests that the difference between domestic firms and FDI firms in efficiency is caused by solely foreign-owned enterprises and FDI firms from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan rather than Chinese-foreign joint ventures and FDI firms from developed countries.

Key words:FDI firms; environmental efficiency; RAM; network DEA

Community Service in Scotland: Mechanism and Performance

ZHANG Mei-hua1,2

1.SchoolofManagement,WuhanUniversityofTechnology

2.SchoolofManagement,South-CentralUniversityforNationalities

Wuhan430073,China

Abstract:This study provides insights into how communities run in Scotland and its impact on the residents’ life in order to benefit China’s community development. The fieldwork in T-community and interviews with a sample of 76 participants from diverse institutions indicate that all the stakeholders commit to the improvement of community service, which is also the primary characteristic of Community Operation mode in Scotland. When referring to its experience, two problems need to be clarified for the development of China’s communities. Firstly, similar to the UK’s, reinvent communities as working for support for the grassroots level. Secondly, motivate all the partners to contribute to the community development in the form of program investment according to their conditions, including social institutions, nonprofit organizations and businesses.

Key words:community service; community evaluation; cross-sector collaboration; Scotland

On the Characteristic and Problems of China’s Borderland

ZHOU Wei-ping

InstituteofChineseBorderland,ChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,Beijing100005,China

Abstract:Since the middle of the 19th century, the China’s borderland studies has passed one hundred years, and it has experienced three tides. During these times, the Chinese borderland’s crisis, national crisis and social upheaval incentive stimulated the patriotic enthusiasm of the scholars, thus converted to promotion of Chinese borderland’s researchers. Research paradigm, interest, scholars and academic centers constantly appeared, research areas and orientation gradually transformed. However, due to the lack of understanding of the uniqueness of the Chinese frontier, research talent basis is inadequate; the structure distribution is unreasonable; the leaders of interdisciplinary and high comprehensive quality is deficient; the Chinese frontier science research system also needs to improve; China’s borderland studies have always failed to carry out. To some extent, China’s borderland studies have a long way to go.

Key words:China’s borderland studies; characteristic; problem

Southern Government’ Efforts and Negotiations in the Custom Surplus during 1918—1922

ZHANG Jun-yi

InstituteofModernHistory,ChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,Beijing100006,China

Abstract:Frequent contests and negotiations had happened around customs surplus allocations among the Southern Government, Beijing Government and the Foreign Powers during 1918-1922. The Southern claim for customs surplus was purely economically motivated, however, their demands challenged the foreign powers’ privileges on China Customs’ administration and tariffs allocation and their behavior had some political meanings of “defending their sovereignty”. From July 1919, under special historical background, the Southern Government successfully gained its first allocation for customs surplus. Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s exclusion from the Southern Government was one reason for the foreign powers’ consent to their allocation. Another and more important reason was the end of the First World War. In the context of peaceful atmosphere after the war, the powers tried to persuade Beijing Government to come to compromise with the Southern Government and use the right for allocating customs surplus as a promotion tool for peace. Dr. Sun Yat-sen reestablished his authority at Canton in 1920, from then on to 1922, his government asked the powers again to allocate their surplus shares. Being hostile to Dr. Sun Yat-sen and his government, the foreign powers gave no response to their request. The negotiation for customs surplus allocation had only been held between the representative of the Southern and the Inspector General of the Customs Sir Francis A. Aglen. Accordingly, this second effort for allocating their shares of customs surplus by the Southern came to an end with no gain.

Key words:customs surplus; the Southern Government; the Foreign Powers; Beijing Government

Public Diplomacy Related to Overseas Chinese in Sino-African Relationship

JIN Zheng-kun, ZHU Ling-feng

SchoolofInternationalStudies,RenminUniversityofChina,Beijing100872，China

Abstract:The Sino-African relationship has become increasingly important in China overall diplomatic strategies and been attached with great attention from the world. By increasing person-to-person communications and cultural exchanges, supporting Chinese media and Chinese language schools, and associating with Chinese communities, we put in practice the diplomacy of overseas Chinese affairs, which has played a special role in strengthening Sino-African relationship for establishing better mutual trust between Chinese and African governments and among people, counter-attacking effectively the tarnishing of Sino-African relationship by western countries, and promoting a healthy and sustainable Sino-Africa relationship.

Key words:Chinese diplomacy; Sino-African relationship; diplomacy of overseas Chinese affairs; Overseas Chinese

Takeover and Merge: the National Jinan University Embraced a New Era in 1949

TONG Feng1， XIA Quan2

1.HumanResourceDevelopmentandManagementDepartment,JinanUniversity

2.CollegeofLiberalArts,JinanUniversity

Guangzhou510632,China

Abstract:The regime changed, with the PLA’s liberating Shanghai and active making the entire mainland emancipated, Shanghai Military Control Commission (SMCC) closed down the National Jinan University which had been under the control of Kuomintang authority, ignoring the University’s fundamental mission for overseas Chinese students’ studying at home. The Commission appointed Li Zhengwen to take over the University and merge students into other universities, yet causing some inconsistent response. After the merge, Jinan University turned over a new leaf. However, due to the lack of funds and faculties, the Ministry of Higher Education decided to abolish educational autonomy of the University but remain the University’s name unchanged. Above all, the existence or abolishment of “Jinan University”, in terms of external sources, depends upon whether its political function is approved and supported by the authority; in terms of internal sources, it rests on whether its educational function, cultural function and political function can achieve a relative balance.

Key words:takeover; merge; the National Jinan University

Research on Protection Duty of Parents on Minor Children’s Personal Safety

HE Jun-ping

Civil,CommercialandEconomicLawSchool

ChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw

Beijing100088,China

Abstract:Parents enjoy the parental power of minor children based on the natural blood, which inherently requires parents to take care of their minor children, coupled with the risks of external environment, parents bear inescapable protection duty on their minor children’s personal safety. Compared with other countries’ legislative experience, in order to highlight the protection of minor children’s rights and interests, they all have established the principle of minor children’s interests maximization, which requires parents to employ the parental power equally and jointly, depriving the abuser of their parental power as legal punishment. Therefore, based on the establishment of parental right system, constructing parents’ protection duty on minor children’s personal safety, parents are supposed to take good care of minor children’s health both in physical and mental, preventing and eliminating the risks from their growing environment, the substances of protection duty are supposed to be adjusted according to the changes of ages. In addition, while parents violate corresponding protection duty, abusing the parental power which results in serious damages on minor children’s personal interests, the particular interested person, organization or institution has the right to apply to the court for depriving the parents’ parental power.

Key words:parental power; minor children’s interests; personal safety protection; parental power deprivation

Legal Dogmatic Analysis on Article 85 ofTortLaw: Legal Effects of Building Liability

ZHANG Zhi-po

LawSchool,NankaiUniversity

Tianjin300350,China

Abstract:The owner is determined by the rule of changing of real right; the manager emphasizes the management of the entity and the user emphasizes the possession. Weather or not to bear the liability depends on the agreement and the character of the user in the relationship. When there are two types of owners, managers or users, each of them shall take his or her own liabilities. Other responsible person should be restricted that the person trespass to the building is not included.

Key words:building liability; article 85 ofTortLiabilityAct; manager; user; other responsible person

How the Criminal Law Protects Privacy: A Review on Personal Information Protection
inThe9thAmendmentofCriminalLaw

LI Jie

LawSchool/ResearchCentreforTaiWan

AnhuiUniversity,Hefei230601,China

Abstract:The criminal law does not protect personal privacy directly, but deals with the crime of infringing personal information, the crime of illegally obtaining data in computer information systems, the crime of illegal trespass upon the residence and the like to protect privacy indirectly.The9thAmendmentofCriminalLawenlarges the subject on the crime of selling and buying personal information illegally, punishes the act of producing and selling bug equipment, provides NSP to take criminal responsibility for data leak and data loss. In practice, the court should stay modesty, stick to the principle on prevention of crime, punish the acts which conform to the standard of serious offensive and common fear, so as to strengthen the protection of personal privacy and implement the clause of “respect and protect human rights” in Constitution.

Key words:privacy protect; personal information;the9thAmendmentofCriminallaw; prevention of crimes

[責(zé)任編輯 叢 敏]