康 穎 路又可 王震凱 袁柏思 施 慧 汪芳裕
南京軍區(qū)南京總醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科(210002)
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MicroRNA-595在炎癥性腸病中的表達(dá)及其意義
康穎路又可王震凱袁柏思施慧汪芳裕*
南京軍區(qū)南京總醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科(210002)
背景:MicroRNAs調(diào)控異常與腸黏膜屏障損傷、腸道炎癥以及腸道功能紊亂的發(fā)生有關(guān)。炎癥性腸病(IBD)患者存在microRNAs表達(dá)異常。目的:探討microRNA-595(miR-595)在IBD中的表達(dá)及其意義。方法:納入2012年7月—2014年7月南京軍區(qū)南京總醫(yī)院收治的IBD患者100例,其中潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(UC) 63例,克羅恩病(CD) 37例,根據(jù)疾病活動(dòng)性分為活動(dòng)期UC(aUC)組、緩解期UC(rUC)組、活動(dòng)期CD(aCD)組、緩解期CD(rCD)組,選取42例同時(shí)期健康體檢者作為正常對(duì)照(NC)組。采集入選者的血清和腸黏膜組織標(biāo)本,采用熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)血清和腸黏膜組織miR-595表達(dá)水平。將分別含神經(jīng)細(xì)胞黏附分子1(NCAM1)、成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子受體2(FGFR2)3’ UTR序列的熒光素酶報(bào)告基因質(zhì)粒與miR-595質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞株HCT116,檢測(cè)miR-595對(duì)NCAM1、FGFR2轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的影響。結(jié)果:UC組和CD組血清和腸黏膜組織miR-595表達(dá)水平較NC組顯著升高(P<0.05),aUC組、aCD組分別顯著高于rUC組、rCD組(P<0.05)。MiR-595可結(jié)合NCAM1、FGFR2的3’ UTR序列以抑制兩者的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性。結(jié)論:MiR-595在IBD患者血清和腸黏膜組織中表達(dá)升高并與疾病活動(dòng)性相關(guān),其通過(guò)抑制緊密連接蛋白NCAM1和FGFR2表達(dá),導(dǎo)致腸黏膜屏障受損,促進(jìn)腸道炎癥發(fā)生。MiR-595可作為診斷IBD及其活動(dòng)性評(píng)估的血清生物學(xué)標(biāo)記物。
結(jié)腸炎,潰瘍性;Crohn??;微RNAs;神經(jīng)細(xì)胞黏附分子1;成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子受體2
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2
炎癥性腸病(IBD)是一組腸道慢性非特異性炎性疾病,包括潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(UC)和克羅恩病(CD)。目前IBD的病因尚未明確,可能與遺傳易感人群在腸道持續(xù)感染、腸黏膜屏障缺陷以及環(huán)境改變等多因素作用下發(fā)生腸道免疫功能紊亂有關(guān)。腸黏膜屏障功能缺陷是IBD的發(fā)病機(jī)制之一,其可導(dǎo)致細(xì)菌、毒性物質(zhì)等通過(guò)黏膜屏障進(jìn)入機(jī)體,促進(jìn)腸道炎癥發(fā)生[1-2]。
MicroRNAs是一類(lèi)具有調(diào)控功能的內(nèi)源性非編碼RNA,長(zhǎng)約20~25個(gè)核苷酸。microRNAs在多種免疫相關(guān)疾病中表達(dá)異常,近年研究認(rèn)為其與IBD發(fā)病有密切聯(lián)系[3-4]。McKenna等[5]的研究顯示,microRNAs在腸上皮細(xì)胞分化和維持腸黏膜屏障功能中發(fā)揮重要作用。本研究通過(guò)檢測(cè)microRNA-595(miR-595)在IBD患者血清和腸黏膜中的表達(dá),旨在明確miR-595在IBD中的作用。
一、研究對(duì)象
納入2012年7月—2014年7月南京軍區(qū)南京總醫(yī)院收治的IBD患者100例,其中UC 63例,CD 37例,診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考《炎癥性腸病診斷與治療的共識(shí)意見(jiàn)(2012年·廣州)》[6]。入組患者根據(jù)疾病活動(dòng)性分為活動(dòng)期UC(aUC)組、緩解期UC(rUC)組、活動(dòng)期CD(aCD)組、緩解期CD(rCD)組,UC疾病活動(dòng)性評(píng)估采用改良Mayo評(píng)分系統(tǒng),CD疾病活動(dòng)性評(píng)估采用簡(jiǎn)化CD活動(dòng)指數(shù)(CDAI)[6]。排除患有其他自身免疫性疾病(如強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎、類(lèi)風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎等)、感染性疾病(如急性腸炎、腸結(jié)核、腸阿米巴痢疾等)以及腫瘤性疾病的患者。選取42例同時(shí)期健康體檢者作為正常對(duì)照(NC)組。本研究方案經(jīng)南京軍區(qū)南京總醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有入選者均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
二、方法
1. 細(xì)胞株、主要試劑和PCR引物:人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞株HCT116購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海生科院細(xì)胞資源中心,培養(yǎng)于含1%青-鏈霉素雙抗+10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基中(37 ℃,5% CO2)。MiRcute miRNA提取試劑盒、miRcute miRNA cDNA第一鏈合成試劑盒、miRcute miRNA熒光定量檢測(cè)試劑盒、miR-595和內(nèi)參照U6引物購(gòu)自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司,PrimeScriptTM逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、SYBR?Premix Ex TaqTM熒光定量試劑盒購(gòu)自寶生物工程(大連)有限公司,熒光素酶報(bào)告基因質(zhì)粒pGL3、Lipofectamine?2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑、miR-595質(zhì)粒、miR-595質(zhì)粒突變體購(gòu)自英濰捷基(上海)貿(mào)易有限公司,Dual-Luciferase?報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自Promega公司。
2. 標(biāo)本采集:采集入選者結(jié)腸鏡活檢腸黏膜組織標(biāo)本。結(jié)腸鏡檢查前1 d抽取外周血5 mL待測(cè)。
3. 熒光定量PCR:參照miRcute miRNA提取試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)提取血清、腸黏膜組織總RNA,采用瓊脂糖變性凝膠電泳檢測(cè)RNA完整性和純度,采用紫外分光光度計(jì)檢測(cè)RNA濃度。參照PrimeScriptTM逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒和miRcute miRNA cDNA第一鏈合成試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)采用兩步法逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA,反應(yīng)條件均為37 ℃ 60 min。參照miRcute miRNA熒光定量檢測(cè)試劑盒和SYBR?Premix Ex TaqTM熒光定量試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)行PCR擴(kuò)增,取1 μL cDNA加入10 μL反應(yīng)體系進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,反應(yīng)條件:94 ℃ 2 min;94 ℃ 20 s,60 ℃ 34 s,共42個(gè)循環(huán)。MiR-595引物上游:5’-GXG AAG TGT GCC GTG GT-3’,下游:5’-CAG TGC GTG TCG TGG AGT-3’;U6引物上游:5’-CTC GCT TCG GCA GCA CA-3’,下游:5’-AAC GCT TCA CGA ATT TGC GT-3’。以2-ΔΔCt法分析目的miRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
4. 熒光素酶報(bào)告基因檢測(cè):根據(jù)生物信息學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)miRecords和miRWalk預(yù)測(cè)miR-595的結(jié)合靶點(diǎn),發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞黏附分子1(neural cell adhesion molecule 1, NCAM1)、成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子受體2(fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, FGFR2)可能為其直接作用靶點(diǎn)。構(gòu)建含NCAM1、FGFR2 3’UTR序列的熒光素酶報(bào)告基因質(zhì)粒,NCAM1引物上游:5’-TCT GCT GCG GTA GAA AGT GG-3’,下游:5’-CGG CAT GGG CTA AAT TTC CG-3’;FGFR2引物上游:5’-GGG AAT ATA CGT GCT TGG CG-3’,下游:5’-CGT GGT CTT CAT TCG GCA AAA-3’。采用Lipofectamine?2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑將pGL3-NCAM1質(zhì)粒、pGL3-FGFR2質(zhì)粒分別與miR-595質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染HCT116細(xì)胞,以含目的基因的pGL3質(zhì)粒與miR-595突變體質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染作為對(duì)照組。采用Dual-Luciferase?報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)試劑盒檢測(cè)目的基因NCAM1、FGFR2的熒光素酶活性。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
一、一般情況
UC組患者63例,其中男36例,女27例,年齡21~74歲,平均(41.6±10.4)歲;CD組患者37例,其中男20例,女17例,年齡16~69歲,平均(38.3±9.2)歲;NC組42例,其中男25例,女17例,年齡19~69歲,平均(40.5±12.4)歲;三組間性別構(gòu)成、年齡差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。aUC組患者30例,其中男19例,女11例,年齡21~69歲,平均(41.3±9.4)歲;rUC組患者33例,其中男17例,女16例,年齡21~74歲,平均(42.3±11.2)歲;兩組間性別構(gòu)成、年齡差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。aCD組患者20例,其中男11例,女9例,年齡16~67歲,平均(36.3±7.1)歲;rCD組患者17例,其中男9例,女8例,年齡19~69歲,平均(39.4±8.4)歲;兩組間性別構(gòu)成、年齡差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
二、血清miR-595表達(dá)情況
熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)顯示,UC組血清miR-595表達(dá)水平較NC組升高(2.00±0.32)倍(P=0.021),CD組較NC組升高(2.20±0.45)倍(P=0.014)(圖1A)。進(jìn)一步分析顯示,aUC組血清miR-595表達(dá)水平較rUC組升高(1.68±0.31)倍(P=0.043),aCD組較rCD組升高(1.92±0.41)倍(P=0.032)(圖1B、1C)。
三、腸黏膜組織miR-595表達(dá)情況
熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)顯示,UC組腸黏膜組織miR-595表達(dá)水平較NC組升高(1.40±0.21)倍(P=0.032),CD組較NC組升高(1.50±0.12)倍(P=0.023)(圖2A)。進(jìn)一步分析顯示,aUC組腸黏膜組織miR-595表達(dá)水平較rUC組升高(1.30±0.17)倍(P=0.027),aCD組較rCD組升高(1.53±0.29)倍(P=0.032)(圖2B、2C)。
四、MiR-595對(duì)NCAM1、FGFR2轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的調(diào)控
熒光素酶報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)顯示,pGL3-NCAM1質(zhì)粒、pGL3-FGFR2質(zhì)粒分別與miR-595質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染HCT116細(xì)胞后,熒光素酶活性分別較pGL3-NCAM1質(zhì)粒、pGL3-FGFR2質(zhì)粒與miR-595突變體質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞顯著降低(P<0.05),提示miR-595可結(jié)合NCAM1、FGFR2的3’ UTR序列,對(duì)兩者轉(zhuǎn)錄活性具有抑制作用(圖3)。
MicroRNAs是非編碼小分子RNA, 可調(diào)控轉(zhuǎn)錄后基因表達(dá)。MiR-595屬于microRNAs家族成員, 但其功能目前尚未明確,近期研究[7-9]顯示其與骨髓增生異常綜合征的發(fā)病有關(guān),并參與成神經(jīng)細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞自噬以及成膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞增殖。Veltman等[10]的研究表明,miR-595可抑制緊密連接蛋白pard6和ZO-2表達(dá),使上皮細(xì)胞緊密連接受損,從而導(dǎo)致腸黏膜屏障功能損傷。進(jìn)一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),益生菌制劑可通過(guò)調(diào)控miR-595和緊密連接蛋白表達(dá),修復(fù)損傷的腸黏膜屏障,提示miR-595表達(dá)升高可能在IBD的發(fā)病過(guò)程中發(fā)揮一定作用。本研究對(duì)miR-595在IBD中的表達(dá)及其意義進(jìn)行了探討,結(jié)果顯示IBD患者血清和腸黏膜組織miR-595表達(dá)顯著升高,且miR-595表達(dá)水平在活動(dòng)期與緩解期IBD患者間存在顯著差異,提示miR-595與IBD發(fā)病相關(guān), 可作為診斷IBD的特異性標(biāo)記物,并可用于評(píng)估IBD活動(dòng)性。
圖1 IBD患者和NC組血清miR-595表達(dá)情況
圖2 IBD患者和NC組腸黏膜組織miR-595表達(dá)情況
圖3 HCT116細(xì)胞NCAM1、FGFR2轉(zhuǎn)錄活性變化
NCAM1作為細(xì)胞黏附分子家族中的一員,屬于免疫球蛋白超家族,多表達(dá)于神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,亦可表達(dá)于腸道組織,發(fā)揮腫瘤抑制作用[11-13]。Shimamoto等[14]的研究表明,UC患者炎癥黏膜內(nèi)表達(dá)NCAM1(CD56)的自然殺傷細(xì)胞受體陽(yáng)性T細(xì)胞明顯減少,可能與腸道炎癥的發(fā)生有關(guān)。FGF具有穩(wěn)定腸黏膜屏障功能以及促進(jìn)上皮修復(fù)的作用,相關(guān)機(jī)制包括促進(jìn)腸黏膜上皮細(xì)胞增殖、遷移、血管再生以及調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞分化等[15-16]。諸多研究[17-19]表明,F(xiàn)GF及其受體表達(dá)減少與腸道炎癥的發(fā)生密切相關(guān)。本研究通過(guò)質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染和熒光素酶報(bào)告基因檢測(cè)證實(shí),NCAM1和FGFR2為miR-595的靶基因, miR-595可靶向結(jié)合NCAM1和FGFR2的3’ UTR序列以抑制兩者的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性。IBD患者miR-595表達(dá)上升可能通過(guò)下調(diào)NCAM1和FGFR2表達(dá),導(dǎo)致腸黏膜屏障受損,促進(jìn)腸道炎癥、潰瘍等發(fā)生。
目前臨床診斷IBD的血清學(xué)指標(biāo)主要為C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、紅細(xì)胞沉降率(ESR)等炎性標(biāo)記物,但這類(lèi)標(biāo)記物缺乏特異性,且不能反映腸道黏膜損傷情況。內(nèi)鏡以及組織病理學(xué)檢查是診斷IBD的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但檢查為侵入性,且操作復(fù)雜。尋找一種簡(jiǎn)單、準(zhǔn)確的IBD診斷方法成為目前亟待解決的問(wèn)題。本研究結(jié)果顯示IBD患者血清和腸黏膜組織miR-595表達(dá)升高,且其表達(dá)水平與IBD疾病活動(dòng)性呈正相關(guān),可作為診斷IBD及其活動(dòng)性評(píng)估的特異性血清生物學(xué)標(biāo)記物。相關(guān)機(jī)制可能為miR-595通過(guò)靶向結(jié)合緊密連接蛋白NCAM1和FGFR2而抑制兩者表達(dá),從而導(dǎo)致腸黏膜屏障受損,促進(jìn)腸道炎癥發(fā)生。隨著對(duì)microRNAs在IBD發(fā)病機(jī)制中作用研究的不斷深入,外周血microRNAs如miR-595可為IBD的診治提供新的靶點(diǎn)。
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(2015-11-13收稿;2016-01-27修回)
Expression and Significance of MicroRNA-595 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
KANG Ying, LU Youke, WANG Zhenkai, YUAN Bosi, SHI Hui, WANG Fangyu.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA, Nanjing (210002)Correspondence to: WANG Fangyu, Email: cat409@126.com
Background: Dysregulation of microRNAs is associated with intestinal mucosal barrier injury, intestinal inflammation and intestinal dysfunction. Abnormal expression of microRNAs occurs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aims: To investigate the expression and significance of microRNA-595 (miR-595) in IBD. Methods: A total of 100 patients with IBD at Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA from July 2012 to July 2014 were enrolled, in which 63 cases were ulcerative colitis (UC) and 37 cases were Crohn’s disease (CD). According to disease activity, patients were divided into active UC (aUC) group, remissive UC (rUC) group, active CD (aCD) group and remissive CD (rCD) group. A total of 42 healthy subjects were served as normal control (NC) group. Specimens of serum and intestinal tissue were collected. Expression of miR-595 in serum and intestinal tissue was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Luciferase report gene plasmid containing the 3’ UTR of neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) or fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and plasmid containing miR-595 were co-transfected into human colon cancer cell line HCT116 to detect the effect of miR-595 on transcriptional activities of NCAM1 and FGFR2. Results: Expression of miR-595 in serum and intestinal tissue in UC and CD groups was significantly higher than that in NC group (P<0.05), and that in aUC and aCD groups was significantly higher than that in rUC and rCD groups, respectively (P<0.05). MiR-595 could down-regulate the transcriptional activities of NCAM1 and FGFR2 through directly binding to the 3’ UTR of NCAM1 and FGFR2. Conclusions: Expression of miR-595 in serum and intestinal tissue is increased in patients with IBD and correlates with disease activity. MiR-595 inhibits the expressions of tight junction protein NCAM1 and FGFR2, thereby inducing injury of intestinal mucosal barrier and promoting intestinal inflammation. MiR-595 can serve as a serum biomarker for diagnosis of IBD and disease activity evaluation.
Colitis, Ulcerative;Crohn Disease;MicroRNAs;Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1;
10.3969/j.issn.1008-7125.2016.08.005
*本文通信作者,Email: cat409@126.com