馬宇光, 張寅斌, 梁 亮, 趙 陽(yáng), 焦菊鳳, 昝 瑛
(西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院 腫瘤科, 陜西 西安, 710000)
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論著
二甲雙胍聯(lián)合compound C對(duì)小鼠4T1乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖和細(xì)胞周期蛋白D1表達(dá)的影響
馬宇光, 張寅斌, 梁亮, 趙陽(yáng), 焦菊鳳, 昝瑛
(西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院 腫瘤科, 陜西 西安, 710000)
目的探討二甲雙胍及單磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶抑制劑(compound C)對(duì)小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞增殖及細(xì)胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)表達(dá)的影響。方法選取小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞體外培養(yǎng),分別以完全培養(yǎng)基為空白組, 4T1細(xì)胞為對(duì)照組,在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)中分別加入濃度為2.5、5、10、20、40 mmol/L的二甲雙胍為實(shí)驗(yàn)組1~5, 以10 mmol/L的二甲雙胍聯(lián)合20 μmol/L compound C的為實(shí)驗(yàn)組6, 20 μmol/L compound C的為實(shí)驗(yàn)組7。檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞株增殖情況及細(xì)胞內(nèi)cyclin D1的表達(dá)。結(jié)果 二甲雙胍作用24、48 h時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)組1與對(duì)照組存活率無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05), 實(shí)驗(yàn)組2~5細(xì)胞存活率顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05); 72 h時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)組1~5存活率均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05); 實(shí)驗(yàn)組3、4、5在24、48、72 h時(shí),各組cyclin D1的相對(duì)表達(dá)量均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05); 各組48 h時(shí)cyclin D1的相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著低于24 h時(shí)(P<0.05); 72 h時(shí)cyclin D1的相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著低于各組48 h時(shí)(P<0.05); 實(shí)驗(yàn)組3 cyclin D1的相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05), 實(shí)驗(yàn)組6、7在各時(shí)間點(diǎn)與對(duì)照組比較無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05)。結(jié)論二甲雙胍能抑制小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞的增殖,而compound C對(duì)其有拮抗作用;二甲雙胍對(duì)小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞cyclin D1蛋白表達(dá)有下調(diào)作用。
乳腺癌; 4T1細(xì)胞; 二甲雙胍; compound C; 細(xì)胞增殖; 細(xì)胞周期蛋白D1
全球乳腺癌發(fā)病率一直呈上升趨勢(shì),中國(guó)不是乳腺癌的高發(fā)國(guó)家,但近年來(lái)發(fā)病率的增長(zhǎng)速度高出高發(fā)國(guó)1~2%左右[1]。據(jù)國(guó)家癌癥中心和衛(wèi)生部疾病預(yù)防控制局公布的乳腺癌發(fā)病數(shù)據(jù),全國(guó)腫瘤登記地區(qū)乳腺癌發(fā)病率城市為34.3/10萬(wàn),農(nóng)村為17.0/10萬(wàn)[2]。乳腺癌是發(fā)生在乳腺上皮組織的惡性腫瘤,乳腺癌細(xì)胞之間黏連松散、容易脫落,導(dǎo)致癌細(xì)胞游離,隨血液或淋巴系統(tǒng)而擴(kuò)散、轉(zhuǎn)移,危及生命[3]。二甲雙胍最早作為胰島素增敏劑用于治療2型糖尿病,近年來(lái)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其可以抑制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)、降低惡性腫瘤發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[4]。本研究從細(xì)胞層面入手,檢測(cè)了二甲雙胍及單磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶抑制劑(compound C)對(duì)小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞增殖及細(xì)胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)表達(dá)的影響,為動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)及臨床研究提供一定依據(jù)。
1.1藥品與試劑
小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞購(gòu)于中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞庫(kù); RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清、二甲基亞砜(DMSO)、鹽酸二甲雙胍、cyclin D1抗體、compound C干粉、胰蛋白酶、CCK-8試劑盒、辣根過(guò)氧化物酶標(biāo)記山羊抗兔IgG、蛋白酶抑制劑苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)、放射免疫沉淀測(cè)定(RIPA)裂解液、電化學(xué)(ECL)發(fā)光液均購(gòu)自北京康為世紀(jì)生物科技有限公司。
1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
常規(guī)細(xì)胞復(fù)蘇、培養(yǎng),傳代3次后取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期細(xì)胞,接種于96孔板中,密度為1×103/孔,每組6孔。實(shí)驗(yàn)共8組??瞻捉M:完全培養(yǎng)基,對(duì)照組:未經(jīng)處理的4T1細(xì)胞;實(shí)驗(yàn)組1~5: 在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基中分別加入濃度為2.5、5、10、20、40 mmol/L的二甲雙胍;實(shí)驗(yàn)組6:加10 mmol/L的二甲雙胍聯(lián)合20 μmol/L compound C(compound C給藥24 h后加入二甲雙胍);實(shí)驗(yàn)組7:加20 μmol/L compound C。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.3檢測(cè)方法
1.3.1CCK-8檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖能力:分別于加藥24、48、72 h后取出,各孔加CCK-8溶液10 μL, 于培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)1 h后進(jìn)行檢測(cè),酶標(biāo)儀450 nm波長(zhǎng)處測(cè)定各組吸光度值,重復(fù)3次。存活率=(實(shí)驗(yàn)組OD值-空白組OD值)/(對(duì)照組OD值-空白組OD值)×100%。
1.3.2Western Blot檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期蛋白D1表達(dá)量:細(xì)胞收集后提取總蛋白,測(cè)定蛋白濃度,調(diào)整各樣品蛋白濃度至相當(dāng),按一定比例(蛋白樣品體積:蛋白上樣緩沖液體積為4: 1)加入蛋白上樣緩沖液, 100 ℃加熱樣品使蛋白變性5 min, 離心20 s, 冷卻后置于-20 ℃?zhèn)溆?。每孔加? μL的蛋白樣品,同時(shí)加入10 μL彩色預(yù)染蛋白分子量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Marker, 進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE電泳,于60 V電壓恒定跑膠30 min, 調(diào)電壓至80 V, 穩(wěn)壓電泳90 min, 待條帶接近底部邊緣時(shí)終止。轉(zhuǎn)膜完成后取適量麗春紅染液中染色5 min, 洗去浮色,判斷蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移情況。采用TBST緩沖液清洗后加5%的脫脂奶粉封閉1~2 h, 隨后TBST緩沖液洗膜3次,每次10 min; 洗完膜后孵育一抗和二抗,最后采用ECL發(fā)光試劑盒,完成X片曝光、顯影及定影, Western Blot均在相同條件下重復(fù)3次。Cyclin D1的相對(duì)定量=Cyclin D1蛋白條帶的灰度值/β-actin蛋白條帶的灰度值。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
2.1二甲雙胍及compound C對(duì)小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞存活率的影響
二甲雙胍作用24、48 h時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)組1與對(duì)照組細(xì)胞存活率無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05), 實(shí)驗(yàn)組2~5細(xì)胞存活率顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05); 72 h時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)組1~5細(xì)胞存活率均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2二甲雙胍聯(lián)合compound C對(duì)小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞存活率的影響
由于實(shí)驗(yàn)組3在24、48及72 h時(shí)細(xì)胞存活率均在50%左右,故后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)選用10 mmol/L的濃度與compound C聯(lián)合作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)組3在24、48、72 h時(shí)細(xì)胞存活率均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05), 實(shí)驗(yàn)組6、7在24、48、72 h時(shí)細(xì)胞存活率與對(duì)照組比較均無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
表1 不同濃度二甲雙胍作用不同時(shí)間后各組小鼠乳腺癌 4T1細(xì)胞的存活率比較
與對(duì)照組比較, *P<0.05; 與24 h比較, #P<0.05。
表2 二甲雙胍聯(lián)合compound C對(duì)小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞 的存活率比較±s)
與對(duì)照組比較, *P<0.05。
2.3二甲雙胍及compound C對(duì)小鼠4T1細(xì)胞周期蛋白D1的表達(dá)影響
實(shí)驗(yàn)組2、3、4在24、48、72 h時(shí)cyclin D1的相對(duì)表達(dá)量均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05); 各組2、3、4在48 h時(shí)cyclin D1的相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著低于24 h時(shí)(P<0.05); 實(shí)驗(yàn)組2、3、4在72 h時(shí)cyclin D1的相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著低于各組48 h時(shí)(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
表3 不同濃度二甲雙胍處理細(xì)胞后cyclin D1的 表達(dá)情況
與對(duì)照組比較, *P<0.05; 與24 h比較, #P<0.05;
與48 h比較, △P<0.05。
2.4二甲雙胍聯(lián)合compound C處理細(xì)胞后cyclin D1的表達(dá)情況
實(shí)驗(yàn)組3 cyclin D1的相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05); 實(shí)驗(yàn)組6、7在各時(shí)間點(diǎn)與對(duì)照組比較無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。
表4 二甲雙胍聯(lián)合compound C處理細(xì)胞后cyclin D1 的表達(dá)情況
與對(duì)照組比較, *P<0.05。
二甲雙胍對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖間接抑制作用主要通過(guò)減少循環(huán)中的胰島素水平,通過(guò)影響胰島素和胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1通路間接抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖[5]; 二甲雙胍通過(guò)激活單磷酸腺苷依賴蛋白激酶(AMPK)通路來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖的直接抑制作用[6], 降低微管蛋白、組蛋白等細(xì)胞分裂相關(guān)基因的表達(dá),從而抑制細(xì)胞的分裂和增殖[7-8]; 另外,二甲雙胍還能提高T細(xì)胞記憶力,當(dāng)免疫系統(tǒng)遭到病毒感染或癌細(xì)胞攻擊的時(shí)候能增強(qiáng)反應(yīng)力度,降低惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生率[9]。惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞無(wú)限增殖主要是由于細(xì)胞周期調(diào)節(jié)失控,而細(xì)胞分裂周期的關(guān)鍵在于G1/S、G2/M期之間的轉(zhuǎn)換[10]。細(xì)胞G1期調(diào)控的關(guān)鍵因素為cyclin D1, 而當(dāng)cyclin D1過(guò)表達(dá)時(shí),可縮短細(xì)胞G1期,提前進(jìn)入S期,使細(xì)胞增生異常[11-12], 因此cyclin D1低表達(dá)者的生存率高于cyclin D1過(guò)表達(dá)者,而AMPK通過(guò)使cyclin D1 mRNA丟失從而使其蛋白表達(dá)量下調(diào),從而抑制細(xì)胞增殖。
本研究從細(xì)胞層面著手,應(yīng)用不同濃度二甲雙胍對(duì)小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞進(jìn)行體外培養(yǎng),分別于24、48、72 h時(shí)經(jīng)CCK-8法測(cè)定細(xì)胞存活率,結(jié)果顯示隨著二甲雙胍濃度的增加和作用時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖的抑制更明顯,二甲雙胍對(duì)乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖抑制作用表現(xiàn)出了良好的濃度依賴性且與時(shí)間也呈較好的依賴性。單用compound C時(shí),細(xì)胞存活率與正常對(duì)照組無(wú)顯著差異,提示compound C對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖無(wú)抑制作用;而二甲雙胍與compound C聯(lián)合使用時(shí),其存活率與對(duì)照組也無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,提示compound C與二甲雙胍有拮抗作用,與杜洪泉等[13]研究結(jié)果一致。
Western bolt實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,隨二甲雙胍濃度增加, cyclin D1表達(dá)量明顯下調(diào),從而抑制細(xì)胞增殖,與CCK-8檢測(cè)結(jié)果吻合,提示二甲雙胍對(duì)
4T1細(xì)胞的增殖有抑制作用;而compound C作為AMPK抑制劑,在與二甲雙胍聯(lián)合應(yīng)用時(shí), cyclin D1表達(dá)量與對(duì)照組無(wú)顯著差異,提示其阻礙了二甲雙胍激活A(yù)MPK通路,與Cai等[14]研究結(jié)果一致。
本研究表明二甲雙胍對(duì)小鼠乳腺癌4T1細(xì)胞的增殖有抑制作用,而其作用機(jī)制可能是通過(guò)激活A(yù)MPK通路,下調(diào)cyclin D1表達(dá)量來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
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Influence of metformin combined with compound C on the proliferation of breast cancer 4T1 cells and expression of cyclin D1 in mice
MA Yuguang, ZHANG Yinbin, LIANG Liang, ZHAO Yang, JIAO Jufeng, ZAN Ying
(DepartmentofOncology,TheSecondAffiliatedHospitalofXi′anJiaotongUniversity,Xi′an,Shaanxi, 710000)
ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of metformin combined with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitors (compound C) on the proliferation of breast cancer 4T1 cells and expression of cyclin D1 in mice. MethodsBreast cancer 4T1 cells were selected and cultured in vitro. The complete medium was considered as blank group, 4T1 cells as control group, addition of metformin 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mmol/L to the cell culture respectively as experimental groups 1~5, metformin (10 mmol/L) combined with compound C (20 μmol/L) as experimental group 6, and compound C 20 μmol/L as experimental group 7. The proliferation of cell lines and expression of intracellular cyclin D1 were respectively detected in each group. ResultsWhen metformin functioned for 24 and 48 h, no significant difference was shown between experimental group 1 and control group regarding the survival rate (P>0.05), but the cell survival rates of experimental groups 2~5 were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). At the time of 72 h, the survival rates of experimental groups 1~5 were all markedly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). At the time of 24, 48 and 72 h, the relative expression quantities of cyclin D1 in experimental groups 1~3 were all significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). In each group, the relative expression quantity of cyclin D1 was lower at 48 h than at 24 h (P<0.05), and that was also lower at 72 h than at 48 h (P<0.05). Additionally, the relative expression quantity of cyclin D1 was significantly lower in experimental group 3 than in control group (P<0.05), but nosignificant difference was shown by comparing experimental groups 6 and 7 with control group at each time points (P>0.05). ConclusionMetformin can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer 4T1 cells in mice,but this effect can be resisted by compound C. Metformin can down-regulate cyclin D1 expression of breast cancer 4T1 cells in mice.
breast cancer; 4T1 cells; metformin; compound C; cell proliferation; cyclin D1
2016-03-23
R 737.9
A
1672-2353(2016)17-001-03
10.7619/jcmp.201617001