余永勤, 李 毅, 陳譚昇, 呂其軍, 周 芳
東營市勝利油田中心醫(yī)院感染病科,東營 257034
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·論著·
Th17、Treg細胞頻數(shù)在核苷類似物抗HBV過程中的動態(tài)變化
余永勤, 李毅, 陳譚昇, 呂其軍, 周芳
東營市勝利油田中心醫(yī)院感染病科,東營257034
目的: 探討輔助性T細胞17(T helper 17 cells, Th17)及調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞(regulatory T cells, Treg)細胞頻數(shù)在核苷類似物治療慢性乙型肝炎患者過程中的動態(tài)變化。方法: 選取30例乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen, HBeAg) 陽性的慢性乙型肝炎患者作為研究對象。所有患者均采用替比夫定治療。分析所有患者治療前及治療第4、8、12、24、36、48周的Treg細胞、Th17細胞頻數(shù)及Th17/Treg比值。比較治療前后患者血清總膽紅素(total bilirubin in serum,TBIL)、血清直接膽紅素(direct bilirubin in serum,DBIL)、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(aspertate aminotransferase,AST)、乙型肝炎病毒DNA(hepatitis B virus DNA, HBV-DNA)、HBeAg水平,分析Treg、Th17細胞頻數(shù)與TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、HBV-DNA、HBeAg的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果: 替比夫定治療后,Treg細胞頻數(shù)先下降后上升,于治療第8周時達最低水平;Th17細胞頻數(shù)呈下降趨勢;Th17/Treg比值呈下降趨勢,于治療第24、36、48周時趨于穩(wěn)定。與治療前相比,治療后患者TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、HBV-DNA、HBeAg水平均顯著下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Treg細胞頻數(shù)與HBV-DNA、HBeAg水平正相關(guān)(P<0.05);Th17細胞頻數(shù)與TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST水平正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論: 核苷類似物治療慢性乙型肝炎患者過程中,Treg、Th17細胞頻數(shù)及Th17/Treg比值呈現(xiàn)動態(tài)變化,且與治療后肝功能指標(biāo)水平相關(guān),為臨床治療及預(yù)后評估提供了依據(jù)。
慢性乙型肝炎;替比夫定;Th17細胞;Treg細胞
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)作為非侵襲性嗜肝病毒,其誘導(dǎo)的特異性免疫反應(yīng)對于控制HBV感染,消除HBV具有重要作用,且HBV誘導(dǎo)宿主產(chǎn)生的一系列特異性免疫細胞、因子均參與肝臟的免疫過程[1-3]。對于乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen, HBeAg) 陽性慢性乙型肝炎患者,適當(dāng)?shù)拿庖叻磻?yīng)有利于病情的恢復(fù)及轉(zhuǎn)歸,而過度的免疫反應(yīng)是肝功能衰竭的獨立危險因素,可進一步惡化預(yù)后。
輔助性T細胞17(T helper 17 cells, Th17)和調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞(regulatory T cells, Treg)均作為介導(dǎo)核苷類似物抗HBV過程中的CD4+T細胞亞型,分別抑制及促進免疫炎癥反應(yīng)[4-5]。Th17及Treg細胞頻數(shù)可能在核苷類似物抗HBV過程中存在不同程度的變化[5-6],而Th17/Treg細胞免疫穩(wěn)態(tài)可作為HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎療效判斷及預(yù)后評估的潛在指標(biāo)。因此,本研究探討Th17及Treg細胞頻數(shù)在核苷類似物治療慢性乙型肝炎患者過程中的動態(tài)變化,為后續(xù)研究提供參考。
1.1一般資料2013年5月-2015年5月,選取在我院治療的30例HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎患者作為研究對象。其中男性18例、女性12例;年齡24~51歲,平均(35.5±4.8)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎初治患者;(2)丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)>2倍正常值上限;(3) HBV-DNA>105copies/mL。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并其他病毒性肝炎、重型肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌及腎功能不全者;(2)惡性腫瘤和妊娠者;(3)自身免疫性肝病、酒精性肝炎者。本研究通過醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會審核;所有患者均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2治療方法及觀察指標(biāo)所有患者均采用替比夫定治療,劑量600 mg/d,持續(xù)治療48周。在治療前和治療第4、8、12、24、36、48周時,采集外周靜脈血3 mL,分別用于檢測Treg、Th17細胞與血清總膽紅素(total bilirubin in serum,TBIL)、血清直接膽紅素(direct bilirubin in serum,DBIL)、ALT、天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(aspertate aminotransferase,AST)、乙型肝炎病毒DNA(hepatitis B virus DNA,HBV-DNA)、HBeAg水平。1.3Treg細胞的檢測取100 μL 靜脈血,加入CD4和CD25單克隆抗體,各10 μL,混勻,避光放置20 min;加入2 mL紅細胞裂解液,混勻,避光放置20 min;加入2 mL破膜緩沖液,離心,棄上清;加入2.5 μL Foxp3抗體,避光放置2 h。加入1 mL 磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS),混勻,離心,棄上清。用300 μL在流式細胞儀檢測。
1.4Th17細胞的檢測取外周靜脈血3 mL,加入分離液,離心,分離吸出單個核細胞,0.9%氯化鈉液多次洗滌,棄上清液,稀釋細胞,于5%CO2溫箱培養(yǎng)5 h,分為測定管和對照管;各加入2 mL PBS,離心,棄上清;加入各類型的單克隆抗體,混勻,避光放置20 min;以PBS多次洗滌,于測定管和對照管加入100 μL破膜劑,混勻,避光放置,離心,棄上清;于測定管、對照管加入20 μL 的IL-17A-FITC 20 μL,混勻,避光放置;加入3 mL的PBS,混勻,避光放置,離心,棄上清;加入0.5 mL的PBS,重懸細胞,混勻,避光放置,上機檢測。采用全自動生化儀檢測血清TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST水平。1.5肝功能及病毒學(xué)指標(biāo)的檢測采用熒光聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)定量核酸分析儀檢測HBV-DNA水平;釆用全自動發(fā)光免疫分析儀檢測HBeAg水平;分析所有患者治療第4、8、12、24、36、48周的Treg細胞頻數(shù)、Th17細胞頻數(shù)及Th17/Treg比值。對比治療前后的TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、HBV-DNA、HBeAg,探討Treg細胞頻數(shù)、Th17細胞頻數(shù)與TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、HBV-DNA、HBeAg的相關(guān)性。
2.1治療期間Treg、Th17細胞頻數(shù)的變化用替比夫定抗HBV過程中,患者Treg細胞頻數(shù)呈先下降后上升趨勢,于治療第8周時達最低水平;Th17細胞頻數(shù)呈下降趨勢;Th17/Treg比值呈下降趨勢,于治療24周后趨于穩(wěn)定(表1)。
2.2治療前后各項指標(biāo)的對比結(jié)果(表2)表明:核苷類似物治療48周后,TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、HBV-DNA、HBeAg水平均顯著下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
表1 治療過程中Treg、Th17細胞頻數(shù)與Th17/Treg比值的變化 n=30,
表2 治療前后各項指標(biāo)的比較 n=30,
2.3Treg、Th17細胞與臨床療效指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性分析Th17/Treg比值在治療第4周開始下降,在第12周達最低值(表1)。在治療第12周時,Treg細胞頻數(shù)與HBV-DNA、HBeAg水平正相關(guān)(P<0.05),Th17細胞頻數(shù)與TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST水平正相關(guān)(P<0.05;表3)。
表3 Treg、Th17細胞與臨床療效指標(biāo)的相關(guān)系數(shù) n=30,
*P<0.05
HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎的損傷性免疫反應(yīng)中有多種免疫細胞、細胞因子參與,其中Treg/Th17平衡狀態(tài)被打破是HBV感染發(fā)病的關(guān)鍵[6-7]。Th17、Treg細胞均作為CD4+T細胞亞型在HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎中發(fā)揮重要的免疫損傷作用。在病情發(fā)展的不同階段,存在不同水平的Th17及Treg細胞頻數(shù),Treg/Th17失衡程度也不同。有研究[8]認(rèn)為,Treg/Th17失衡作為免疫功能紊亂的重要指標(biāo),會導(dǎo)致HBV的持續(xù)感染,使病情持續(xù)發(fā)展及惡化。
研究[9]表明,Treg細胞作為導(dǎo)致免疫耐受的主要細胞,可維持機體的免疫耐受和免疫平衡,參與HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎的免疫耐受。Th17細胞作為導(dǎo)致免疫炎癥損傷的主要細胞,可分泌多種因子,激發(fā)組織炎癥,導(dǎo)致肝損傷。有研究[10-11]認(rèn)為,HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎患者Treg/Th17失衡,Th17及Treg細胞顯著增加,以Treg細胞增加為主。對此,維持Treg/Th17平衡,維持Th17及Treg細胞頻數(shù)處于合理水平,有利于提高對HBV-DNA、HBeAg的清除率,改善肝功能,促進HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎的轉(zhuǎn)歸。
替比夫定作為強效的核苷類似物,廣泛用于抗HBV,具有強效抑制HBV復(fù)制及HBeAg血清轉(zhuǎn)換率高的特點。本研究中,治療后TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、HBV-DNA、HBeAg水平均顯著下降,提示核苷類似物抗HBV的效果確切,可顯著改善肝功能、抑制病毒復(fù)制及清除病毒。有報道[12-13]指出,核苷類似物抗HBV過程中,快速抑制病毒復(fù)制與Treg細胞頻數(shù)下降密切相關(guān)。由于Treg細胞頻數(shù)與Th17細胞頻數(shù)負(fù)相關(guān),持續(xù)性Treg細胞頻數(shù)下降,可導(dǎo)致Th17細胞頻數(shù)出現(xiàn)短暫性升高,有利于進一步增強對HBV的消除能力。
本研究顯示,HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎患者采用替比夫定抗HBV過程中, Treg細胞頻數(shù)呈先下降,后上升趨勢,于治療第8周時達最低水平;Th17細胞頻數(shù)呈下降趨勢;Th17/Treg比值呈下降趨勢,于治療24周后趨于穩(wěn)定,提示核苷類似物治療使患者機體免疫狀態(tài)激活,而病情穩(wěn)定后機體進入免疫控制狀態(tài)。TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST均為肝功能指標(biāo)。HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎患者的TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST水平均高于健康者。HBV-DNA、HBeAg為HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎的預(yù)后指標(biāo)。在核苷類似物抗HBV治療前后,HBV-DNA、HBeAg水平的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。本研究中TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、HBV-DNA、HBeAg治療前后的變化與研究[14-15]相似。在本研究中,Treg細胞頻數(shù)與HBV-DNA、HBeAg水平正相關(guān)(P<0.05),Th17細胞頻數(shù)與TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST水平正相關(guān)(P<0.05),進一步提示Treg細胞參與免疫耐受狀態(tài),與病情嚴(yán)重程度正相關(guān),而Th17細胞參與免疫損傷過程。
綜上所述,核苷類似物抗HBV的效果確切,可顯著改善肝功能、抑制病毒復(fù)制及清除病毒。Th17/Treg比值作為肝功能監(jiān)測指標(biāo),為慢性乙型肝炎的治療及預(yù)后評估提供了依據(jù)。
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[本文編輯]葉婷, 曉璐
Dynamic change of Th17 and Treg cells frequency in nucleoside analogues anti-HBV treatment
YU Yong-qin, LI Yi, CHEN Tan-sheng, Lü Qi-jun, ZHOU Fang
Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Hospital of Dongying Shengli Oil Field, Dongying 257034, Shandong, China
Objective: To investigate dynamic change of T helper 17 cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells(Treg) frequency in hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) positive chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleoside analogues treatment. Methods: A total of 30 chronic hepatitis B patients with positive HBeAg were enrolled. All the patients received telbivudine antiviral treatment. The peripheral blood Treg cell frequency, Th17 cell frequency and Th17/Treg ratio were detected before treatment and at 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th, 36th, 48thweeks after treatment. The total bilirubin in serum (TBIL), direct bilirubin in serum (DBIL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) and HBeAg level were detected and compared between before and after treatment. The correlations of Treg cell frequency and Th17 cell frequency with the indexes of TBIL, DBIL, ALT, AST, HBV-DNA, HBeAg were analyzed, respectively. Results: Treg cell frequency was decreased then increased and reached the minimum point at 8thweeks after treatment. Th17 cell frequency decreased during treatment; and Th17/Treg ratio decreased and was stable at 24th, 36th, 48thweek after treatment. The levels of TBIL, DBIL, ALT, AST, HBV-DNA and HBeAg were significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.05). Treg cell frequency was positively correlated with HBV-DNA and HBeAg levels (P<0.05). Th17 cell frequency was positively correlated with TBIL, DBIL, ALT and AST levels (P<0.05). Conclusions: Treg cell frequency, Th17 cell frequency and Th17/Treg ratio shows dynamic changes during nucleoside analogues treatment for HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients. They are correlated with liver function indexes after treatment; they can provide evidence for clinical treatment and prognosis evaluation.
chronic hepatitis B; telbivudine; Th17 cell; Treg cell
2016-01-13[接受日期]2016-04-08
余永勤,主任醫(yī)師.E-mail: yuyong_qin@sina.com
10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2016.20160286
R 512.6
A