梁新軍,魏少忠
(湖北省腫瘤醫(yī)院,武漢430079)
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Shh信號通路阻斷對人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞HT-29增殖、侵襲的影響及機(jī)制探討
梁新軍,魏少忠
(湖北省腫瘤醫(yī)院,武漢430079)
目的觀察阻斷Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)信號通路對人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞HT-29增殖和侵襲的影響,并探討其機(jī)制。方法取對數(shù)生長期HT-29細(xì)胞分為A、B、C、D組,分別置于含0、5、10、20 μmol/L Shh信號通路特異性抑制劑Cyclopamine的培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)。采用MTT法檢測各組干預(yù)24、48、72 h時(shí)細(xì)胞增殖抑制率,采用Transwell法檢測各組干預(yù)48 h時(shí)體外侵襲能力,采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法檢測各組細(xì)胞Shh、下游轉(zhuǎn)錄因子GLI1 mRNA。結(jié)果干預(yù)24、48、72 h時(shí)各組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率為B組
結(jié)腸癌;Shh信號通路;下游轉(zhuǎn)錄因子;細(xì)胞增殖;細(xì)胞侵襲
結(jié)腸癌是臨床常見的惡性腫瘤之一,發(fā)病率已躍居全球惡性腫瘤的第3位,其發(fā)病機(jī)制目前尚不明確[1]?;蛲蛔兒捅碛^遺傳學(xué)改變等參與了結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程[2]。Sonic Hedgehog(Shh)信號通路是調(diào)控胚胎發(fā)育及細(xì)胞分化的重要通路,GLI1是其下游轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Shh信號通路在肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、結(jié)腸癌等多種惡性腫瘤中呈激活狀態(tài),且與腫瘤的惡性程度和患者預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[3~5]。目前Shh信號通路在結(jié)腸癌中的具體作用機(jī)制的研究報(bào)道較少。2015年1~12月,我們觀察了阻斷Shh信號通路對人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞HT-29增殖和侵襲的影響,并探討其在結(jié)腸癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的意義?,F(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1材料HT-29購自美國ATCC公司,置于含10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基中,于37 ℃、5%CO2、飽和濕度的培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)。胎牛血清、RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基及TRIzol為美國Gibco公司產(chǎn)品;胰酶、DMSO、MTT、Shh信號通路特異性抑制劑Cyclopamine等購自Sigma公司;SYBR Premix EX Taq試劑盒購自Invitrogen公司;引物由上海吉瑪公司合成;Transwell小室購自Corning公司;Bio-Rad iQ5實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR儀購自Bio-Rad公司;Multiskan MK3全自動酶標(biāo)儀購自Thermo公司。
1.2細(xì)胞分組及處理取對數(shù)生長期HT-29細(xì)胞,胰酶消化、重懸后分為A、B、C、D組,分別置于含0、5、10、20 μmol/L Cyclopamine的培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng),每組6個(gè)復(fù)孔,均置于37 ℃、5% CO2、飽和濕度的培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)。
1.3HT-29增殖情況觀察采用MTT法。分別于干預(yù)24、48、72 h取對數(shù)生長期各組細(xì)胞,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度5×104/mL。每孔200 μL接種于96孔板,每組6個(gè)復(fù)孔。培養(yǎng)24 h,加入20 μL的MTT(5 g/L)行MTT檢測,所有操作均嚴(yán)格按照使用說明書進(jìn)行。采用酶標(biāo)儀檢測各組490 nm波長處的吸光度值,計(jì)算增殖抑制率。細(xì)胞增殖抑制率=(對照組吸光度值-實(shí)驗(yàn)組吸光度值)/對照組吸光度值×100%。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.4HT-29侵襲能力觀察采用Transwell法。干預(yù)48 h時(shí)取對數(shù)生長期各組細(xì)胞,1×105/mL培養(yǎng)在無血清的PRMI 1640培養(yǎng)基中,置于Transwell小室上室,下室每孔加入0.5 mL含10%胎牛血清的PRMI 1640培養(yǎng)基。置于37 ℃、5% CO2、飽和濕度的培養(yǎng)箱中,培養(yǎng)24 h。拭去上室表面剩余細(xì)胞,將遷移到下室的細(xì)胞用多聚甲醛固定30 min,Giemsa染色15 min;顯微鏡下計(jì)數(shù),以穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)表示細(xì)胞的侵襲能力。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.5細(xì)胞Shh、GLI1 mRNA檢測采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法。干預(yù)48 h時(shí)取對數(shù)生長期各組細(xì)胞,照TRIzol試劑盒說明提取總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA。按照SYBR試劑盒說明進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR,對Shh、GLI1的mRNA進(jìn)行定量檢測。引物采用Primer 5.0軟件設(shè)計(jì),具體如下:Shh上游引物5′-CCAACGTAGCCGAGAAGACC-3′,下游引物5′-TCC-CGTGTTTCCTCATCCT-3′;Gli1上游引物5′-TGAGGTGGGCAGGTTAGGA-3′,下游引物5′-CAGAGGGAGATGGGGTGTTTT-3′。內(nèi)參GAPDH上游引物5′-TGTCCCCACCCCCAATGTATC-3′,下游引物5′-CTCCGATGC CTGCTTCACACCTT-3′。反應(yīng)條件:94 ℃預(yù)變性5 min;94 ℃、30 s,58 ℃、30 s,72 ℃、30 s,共35個(gè)循環(huán)。以GAPDH為內(nèi)參,采用2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算目的基因的相對表達(dá)量。
2.1各組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率比較見表1。
表1 干預(yù)24、48、72 h時(shí)各組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率比較
注:與B組同時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,#P<0.05;與C組同時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,*P<0.05;與本組前一時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,△P<0.05。
2.2各組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)比較干預(yù)48 h時(shí),A、B、C、D組的穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)分別為(55.670±6.506)、(35.330±7.371)、(28.330±4.041)、(23.330±2.309)個(gè)。B、C、D組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)均低于A組(P均<0.05),但B、C、D組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.3各組Shh、GLI1 mRNA表達(dá)比較各組Shh、GLI1 mRNA的相對表達(dá)量均為A組>B組>C組>D組,P均<0.05。見表2。
表2 各組HT-29組織Shh、GLI1 mRNA相對表達(dá)量比較
注:與A組比較,*P<0.05;與B組比較,#P<0.05;與C組比較,ΔP<0.05。
目前認(rèn)為結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)生是多因素、多步驟的復(fù)雜過程,基因突變和表觀遺傳學(xué)改變等均參與了結(jié)腸癌的侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移過程,但其確切機(jī)制尚不明確[6~8]。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者已發(fā)現(xiàn)多個(gè)與結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的基因,如VEGF、MMP-9等,并針對這些因子采取了包括藥物、基因轉(zhuǎn)染等多種方法進(jìn)行調(diào)控,雖能取得部分抑制轉(zhuǎn)移的效果,但結(jié)果尚不滿意[9~11]。
Shh信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路不僅在胚胎發(fā)育過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,也參與了組織修復(fù)和細(xì)胞再生以及腫瘤發(fā)生和發(fā)展的過程。目前認(rèn)為,Shh信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路主要由Hh信號肽、跨膜受體以及下游轉(zhuǎn)錄分子組成,通過復(fù)雜的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)過程將上游信號傳遞到核內(nèi),進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)下游基因的表達(dá)而參與細(xì)胞的各項(xiàng)調(diào)控過程[12,13]。研究表明,Shh信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的關(guān)鍵信號分子主要有Shh、跨膜蛋白受體Ptch、Smo及下游的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子Gli等。在Shh信號被激活后,Shh與跨膜蛋白受體Ptch(Ptch1、Ptch2)相結(jié)合,解除了其對Smo的抑制作用,繼而傳遞信號至下游的Gli(Gli1、Gli2、Gli3),Gli蛋白進(jìn)入核內(nèi)后進(jìn)一步激活下游NF-κB、Bmi-1等因子的表達(dá),從而參與調(diào)控細(xì)胞的增殖與凋亡過程。Shh信號可能通過多種機(jī)制參與調(diào)控惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖與侵襲[14,15]。Sharma等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Shh信號可能與PI3K/Akt/mTOR信號共同參與了胰腺癌干細(xì)胞增殖和分化的調(diào)控過程,繼而參與了胰腺癌的侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移。Giakoustidis等[17]研究認(rèn)為,Shh信號、WNT/β-catenin信號及Notch信號等可能共同參與了肝癌侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移的過程。本研究前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)腸癌中Shh信號通路呈異常激活狀態(tài),本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),干預(yù)24、48、72 h時(shí)各組細(xì)胞增殖抑制率均為B組
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Effects of blocking Shh signaling pathway on proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cell line HT-29
LIANGXinjun,WEIShaozhong
(HubeiCancerHospital,Wuhan430079,China)
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of blocking Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway on the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cell line HT-29 and to investigate the mechanism. MethodsHT-29 cells in the logarithmic phase were divided into groups A, B, C, and D and were cultured in the culture medium containing 0, 5, 10 and 20 mol/L Shh signaling pathway specific inhibitor Cyclopamine, respectively. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was detected by MTT method at 24, 48 and 72 h after the treatment of Cyclopamine. Transwell method was used to detect the invasive ability of each group at 48 h. The Shh and downstream transcription factor GLI1 mRNA in HT-29 cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. ResultsThe proliferation inhibition rate at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h: group B
colon carcinoma; Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway; downstream transcription factor; cell proliferation; cell invasion
湖北省武漢市科技局科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2013062301010813);湖北省武漢市晨光計(jì)劃(2015070404010204)。
梁新軍(1976-),男,博士,副主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)槟[瘤免疫。E-mail: doctorlxj@163.com。
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.18.004
R735.3
A
1002-266X(2016)18-0012-03
2016-01-11)