楊 碩,呂 棟,王天懿,張龍友,徐有青
·脂肪性肝病·
楊碩,呂棟,王天懿,張龍友,徐有青
目的評(píng)價(jià)FibroTouchR脂肪衰減參數(shù)對(duì)非酒精性脂肪性肝?。∟AFLD)患者肝臟脂肪變程度的診斷價(jià)值。方法納入NAFLD患者86例和健康人90例,根據(jù)肝臟B超結(jié)果進(jìn)行肝臟脂肪變分度(輕度43例、中度28例和重度15例)。使用FibroTouchR檢查進(jìn)行脂肪衰減參數(shù)和肝臟硬度值檢測(cè)。構(gòu)建受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,計(jì)算曲線下面積(AUC),確定脂肪衰減參數(shù)對(duì)輕、中、重度肝臟脂肪變的診斷截?cái)帱c(diǎn),計(jì)算敏感度和特異度。結(jié)果健康人與NAFLD患者BMI分別為[(22.9±2.1)kg/m2和(27.8±3.4)kg/m2,P<0.001],脂肪衰減為[(215.1±16.3)db/m和(263.0±25.1)db/m,P<0.001],肝臟硬度為[(5.1±1.1)Kpa和(8.8±5.7)Kpa,P<0.001];輕度、中度和重度脂肪肝患者脂肪衰減分別為[(244.0±9.9)db/m、(273.8±9.7)db/m和(301.9±20.1)db/m,P<0.001];脂肪衰減與BMI(r=0.741,P<0.001)和肝臟硬度(r=0.442,P<0.001)呈正相關(guān);脂肪衰減診斷輕度、中度和重度脂肪肝的AUC分別為0.935、0.986和0.969(P<0.001),其對(duì)應(yīng)的診斷截?cái)帱c(diǎn)分別為237 db/m(敏感度96.7%,特異度86.4%)、259 db/m(敏感度97.7%,特異度92.9%)和286 db/m(敏感度96.4%,特異度93.3%)。結(jié)論FibroTouchR脂肪衰減參數(shù)可以無(wú)創(chuàng)、快速、客觀地診斷NAFLD患者的肝臟脂肪變程度。
非酒精性脂肪性肝?。籉ibroTouchR;脂肪衰減參數(shù);肝臟脂肪變
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of FibroTouchRby fat attenuation index(FAI)in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases(NAFLD).MethodsA total of 86 patients with NAFLD and 90 healthy persons were recruited in this study.NAFLD group was divided into mild,moderate and severe liver steatosis based on B-ultrasonography.Two independent sample t-test was used to compare body mass index(BMI),F(xiàn)AI and liver stiffness were obtained by FibroTouchRbetween NAFLD group and healthy control.Oneway analysis of variance was used to compare above parameters among mild,moderate and severe liver steatosis. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between FAI and BMI or liver stiffness.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted,and the areas under the curves(AUC)were calculated.The cut-off values were defined by maximizing the sum of sensitivity and specificity(maximum Youden index).Results Between control group and NAFLD group,BMI were[(22.9±2.1)kg/m2and(27.8±3.4)kg/m2,P<0.001],F(xiàn)AI were [(215.1±16.3)db/m and(263.0±25.1)db/m,P<0.001],liver stiffness were[(5.1±1.1)Kpa and(8.8±5.7)Kpa,P<0.001];Among mild(n=43),moderate(n=28),severe(n=15)liver steatosis,F(xiàn)AI showed significant difference[(244.0± 9.9)db/m,(273.8±9.7)db/m and(301.9±20.1)db/m,P<0.001];FAI showed positive correlation with BMI(r= 0.741,P<0.001)and liver stiffness(r=0.442,P<0.001);AUC of normal vs.mild,mild vs.moderate,and moderate vs.severe were(0.935,0.986,and 0.969,respectively,P<0.001);The cut-off values for mild,moderate,and severe liver steatosis were 237 db/m(sensitivity 96.7%,specificity 86.4%),259 db/m(se.97.7%,sp.92.9%),and 286 db/m(se.96.4%,sp.93.3%),respectively.ConclusionFAI shows advantages in diagnosing NAFLD,and has a promising diagnostic potential for grading liver steatosis in patients with NAFLD.
【Key words】Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases;FibroTouchR;Fat attenuation index;Liver steatosis
非酒精性脂肪性肝?。∟AFLD)是一系列代謝應(yīng)激性肝臟損傷的總稱[1]。NAFLD現(xiàn)已成為歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和我國(guó)富裕地區(qū)慢性肝病的重要病因。世界范圍發(fā)病率為6.3%~33%,平均為20%[2],歐美發(fā)病率為20%~33%[3]。我國(guó)上海、廣州、香港發(fā)病率約為15%[1]。肝組織活檢是診斷肝臟脂肪變程度的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但是該診斷方法因?yàn)橛袆?chuàng)、可能出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥等缺點(diǎn)而不能被廣泛應(yīng)用[4,5]。臨床上,B超檢查在NAFLD的診斷及分度上應(yīng)用較廣泛,但容易受受檢者因素和檢查者臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響,其準(zhǔn)確性較差[6]。FibroTouchR
脂肪衰減參數(shù)是近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)自主研發(fā)的檢測(cè)肝臟脂肪變程度的新方法。本研究主要探討了該檢查指標(biāo)對(duì)NAFLD患者肝臟脂肪變程度的診斷價(jià)值。
1.1研究對(duì)象2014年6月至2015年2月在我院體檢中心或消化內(nèi)科門診就診的NAFLD患者86例,男性54例,女性32例;平均年齡(48±12)歲。參照中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)肝臟病學(xué)分會(huì)脂肪肝和酒精性肝病學(xué)組制定的非酒精性脂肪性肝病診療指南(2010年版)[1]診斷,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡18歲~70歲,無(wú)飲酒史或酒精折合乙醇量小于140 g/w(女性小于70 g/w),B超提示肝臟脂肪變。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):酒精性肝病、病毒性肝炎、藥物性肝損傷、全胃腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)、肝豆?fàn)詈俗冃?、自身免疫性肝病等可致脂肪肝的特定疾病或合并有心、肺、腦、腎等嚴(yán)重疾病。另選取同期體檢的年齡和性別相匹配的健康人90例,男57例,女33例;平均年齡(45±13)歲。
1.2一般資料獲取記錄飲酒史、藥物使用史、家族遺傳疾病史,測(cè)量身高(cm)、體質(zhì)量(kg),計(jì)算體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI,kg/m2)。
1.3肝臟B超檢查使用東芝彩色超聲診斷儀檢查肝臟,由1名操作熟練的醫(yī)師進(jìn)行檢查。探頭頻率為3.5 MHz。在超聲檢查時(shí),采用仰臥位及左側(cè)臥位,對(duì)肝臟進(jìn)行從左到右,從上到下的依次掃查,觀察肝臟的大小、形態(tài)、包膜、邊界、輪廓、肝區(qū)回聲、遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)回聲、管狀結(jié)構(gòu)。B超對(duì)輕、中、重度肝臟脂肪變的分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):正常:肝臟回聲正常,呈等回聲;輕度:肝臟回聲近場(chǎng)輕度增強(qiáng),遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)輕度減低;中度:肝臟回聲近場(chǎng)增強(qiáng),遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)減低;重度:肝臟回聲近場(chǎng)顯著增強(qiáng),遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)顯著減低,肝內(nèi)管道顯著模糊。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料以()表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料以百分構(gòu)成比表示。健康人與NAFLD患者各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的差異比較采用兩獨(dú)立樣本的t檢驗(yàn),輕、中、重度NAFLD患者間各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的差異比較采用單因素方差分析。脂肪衰減參數(shù)與BMI、肝臟硬度的關(guān)系采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析。同時(shí)構(gòu)建受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,計(jì)算曲線下面積(AUC),確定輕、中、重度肝臟脂肪變的診斷界值,取敏感度和特異度之和(即約登指數(shù))最大點(diǎn)為截?cái)帱c(diǎn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1脂肪衰減和肝臟硬度檢測(cè)情況在86例NAFLD患者中,超聲診斷輕度脂肪肝43例,中度28例,重度15例。兩組FibroTouchR檢查結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。兩組獨(dú)立樣本的t檢驗(yàn)顯示,NAFLD患者與健康人間BMI、脂肪衰減和肝臟硬度存在顯著性差異(P<0.001)。單因素方差分析比較顯示,輕、中、重度NAFLD患者間脂肪衰減也存在顯著性差異(P<0.001,表2)。
2.2脂肪衰減參數(shù)與BMI和肝臟硬度的關(guān)系在NAFLD患者,脂肪衰減與BMI呈正相關(guān)(r=0.741,決定系數(shù)r2=0.550,P<0.001,圖1);與肝臟硬度也呈正相關(guān)(r=0.442,決定系數(shù)r2=0.196,P<0.001,圖2)。
表1 兩組脂肪衰減和肝臟硬度檢測(cè)結(jié)果()比較
表1 兩組脂肪衰減和肝臟硬度檢測(cè)結(jié)果()比較
健康人NAFLD全部(n=86)輕度(n=43)中度(n=28)重度(n=15)BMI(kg/m2)22.9±2.127.8±3.426.5±2.628.6±3.230.0±4.2脂肪衰減(db/m)215.1±16.3263.0±25.1244.0±9.9273.8±9.7301.9±20.1肝臟硬度(Kpa)5.1±1.18.8±5.77.3±2.510.0±8.210.7±5.7
表2 健康人與NAFLD患者間各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的差異(P值)比較
圖1 NAFLD患者脂肪衰減與BMI呈正相關(guān)
圖2 NAFLD患者脂肪衰減與肝臟硬度呈正相關(guān)
圖3 A正常人對(duì)輕度脂肪肝的ROC曲線(AUC為0.935,P<0.001)
圖3 B輕度脂肪肝對(duì)中度脂肪肝的ROC曲線(AUC為0.986,P<0.001)
圖3 C中度脂肪肝對(duì)重度脂肪肝的ROC曲線(AUC為0.969,P<0.001)
表3 脂肪衰減參數(shù)對(duì)NAFLD患者肝臟脂肪變程度的診斷效能
2.3脂肪衰減參數(shù)對(duì)非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肝臟脂肪變程度的診斷效能構(gòu)建健康人對(duì)輕度NAFLD組、輕度NAFLD組對(duì)中度NAFLD組、中度NAFLD組對(duì)重度NAFLD組三條ROC曲線(圖3A~C),計(jì)算AUC,將約登指數(shù)最大的截?cái)帱c(diǎn)定為最佳診斷界值,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表3。
NAFLD是一系列代謝應(yīng)激性肝臟損傷的總稱,包括非酒精性單純性脂肪肝(NAFL)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)及其相關(guān)肝硬化和肝細(xì)胞癌[1]。其中,NAFL是一種良性、可逆性病變,但長(zhǎng)期肝臟脂肪堆積會(huì)導(dǎo)致肝臟對(duì)肝毒性物質(zhì)解毒能力降低,對(duì)缺血、缺氧的耐受性下降,加劇肝臟炎癥反應(yīng),進(jìn)而引起肝臟纖維化[7]。NASH及其相關(guān)肝纖維化有15% ~25%的可能發(fā)展為肝硬化,其中30%~40%死于晚期肝病[1]。另外,當(dāng)NAFLD與乙型、丙型肝炎并存時(shí),可促進(jìn)肝硬化和肝細(xì)胞癌的發(fā)生,并降低病毒性肝病對(duì)干擾素等抗病毒藥物治療的應(yīng)答反應(yīng)[8~10]。因此,精確定量NAFLD患者肝臟脂肪變程度,無(wú)論對(duì)NAFLD本身抑或?qū)εc其并存的其它慢性肝病都至關(guān)重要。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)健康對(duì)照組與NAFLD組間BMI、脂肪衰減參數(shù)和肝臟硬度值均存在顯著差異,而進(jìn)一步比較輕、中、重度NAFLD組間上述三項(xiàng)指標(biāo),結(jié)果顯示僅脂肪衰減參數(shù)在三組間存在顯著差異。這一結(jié)果提示脂肪衰減參數(shù)不僅有助于診斷NAFLD,而且可以進(jìn)一步協(xié)助確定NAFLD患者肝臟脂肪變的程度。Shen et al[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)CAP診斷肝臟脂肪變程度≥5%、≥34%、≥67%的最佳診斷截?cái)帱c(diǎn)分別為253 db/m、285 db/m、310 db/m。本組輕、中、重度肝臟脂肪變的最佳診斷截?cái)帱c(diǎn)分別為237 db/m、259 db/m、286 db/m,與早期報(bào)道的界值240 db/m、265 db/m、295 db/m相比,稍偏低。對(duì)于這種不完全一致的結(jié)果,考慮有兩方面的原因:一是早期研究?jī)H憑B超進(jìn)行脂肪肝分度,存在操作者主觀診斷傾向的影響,因?yàn)锽超對(duì)肝臟脂肪變<30%的診斷敏感性較低,故以B超檢查結(jié)果作為分度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不及肝穿刺組織病理學(xué)診斷可靠;二是研究對(duì)象數(shù)量相對(duì)偏少,所以仍需要進(jìn)一步多中心、大樣本研究來(lái)驗(yàn)證本研究的初步結(jié)果。
Jung et al[17]和沈峰等[18]發(fā)現(xiàn)BMI影響CAP檢測(cè)結(jié)果,故本研究進(jìn)一步分析影響FibroTouchR脂肪衰減參數(shù)檢測(cè)結(jié)果的因素,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)脂肪衰減參數(shù)與BMI呈正相關(guān)(r=0.741,P<0.001)。BMI的確會(huì)影響脂肪衰減參數(shù)的檢測(cè)結(jié)果,分析原因可能由于BMI偏高的患者多伴有皮下脂肪偏厚,而脂肪衰減參數(shù)的檢測(cè)原理正是基于超聲波通過(guò)脂肪組織發(fā)生衰減,所以經(jīng)體表檢測(cè)肝臟脂肪變程度不能忽視皮下脂肪的影響。同時(shí),本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)脂肪衰減參數(shù)與肝臟硬度值也呈正相關(guān)(r=0.442,P<0.001),這一結(jié)果與預(yù)期相反,研究之初預(yù)期脂肪衰減參數(shù)會(huì)隨著肝臟纖維化程度的增加而降低。相反的研究結(jié)果提示我們需要進(jìn)一步思考肝臟脂肪變與肝臟纖維化的關(guān)系,是研究對(duì)象偏少引起的誤差?還是兩者確實(shí)存在一定的正相關(guān)關(guān)系?需要相關(guān)病理學(xué)研究以進(jìn)一步分析。
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(收稿:2015-05-18)
(本文編輯:陳從新)
Diagnostic efficacy of FibroTouchRby measuring fat attenuation index in detecting liver steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases
Yang Shuo,Lyu Dong,Wang Tianyi,et al.Department of
Gastroenterology,Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100050,China
10.3969/j.issn.1672-5069.2016.01.013
北京市醫(yī)院管理局臨床醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)資助項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):XM201308)
100050北京市首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬北京天壇醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科(楊碩,呂棟,王天懿,徐有青);體檢科(張龍友)第一作者:楊碩,女,25歲,碩士研究生。主要從事肝臟疾病的臨床研究。E-mail:yangshuo_0619@126.com
徐有青,E-mail:youqingxu@gmail.com