○沈杰
言意共生:小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇教學(xué)的價(jià)值追求
○沈杰
●小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇教學(xué)不僅要關(guān)注學(xué)生對(duì)文本內(nèi)容的理解和對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的掌握,而且要關(guān)注能否運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行有效的表達(dá),即言語(yǔ)內(nèi)容與言語(yǔ)形式的掌握及運(yùn)用,同時(shí)還要讓學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇文本的思想層面有所感悟,以此來(lái)促進(jìn)更有意義的語(yǔ)言表達(dá),這就是“言”與“意”的共生與統(tǒng)一。
在小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課堂上,如何處理好英語(yǔ)的“工具性”和“人文性”的雙重功能,讓“言”和“意”在課堂上和諧共生、平衡共存,值得我們每一位教師去思考和探索。本文以O(shè)ur dreams一課教學(xué)片段為例,談?wù)勅绾卧诮虒W(xué)中實(shí)現(xiàn)言意共生。
話(huà)題的切入是學(xué)生進(jìn)入語(yǔ)篇的入口,如果切入點(diǎn)把握得精準(zhǔn),那么學(xué)生就能自然而然地順著這個(gè)方向,沿著正確的路徑進(jìn)入語(yǔ)篇了。因此,教師在課前應(yīng)深度解讀文本,把握文本的重點(diǎn),找準(zhǔn)切入點(diǎn),以此提升閱讀教學(xué)的效度。
T:Hi,class.Do you know the boy?
Ss:He’s Martin.
T:Yes.Martin is a dreamy boy.He has many dreams.Let’s enjoy a short video.
Ss:(Watch the video:Martin’s morning)
(滲透新單詞a Father Christmas,a magician等,為學(xué)生后面的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)積累素材和拓展視角。)
......
T:Look at this girl?Who’s she?Guess!
Ss:...
T:Yes.It’s me.I had a nice dream when I was a little girl.Please guess what my dream was.
......
T:Yes.I wanted to be a teacher when I was young.That was my dream.And now I am a teacher. Mydreamhascometrue.Doyouhaveyour dreams?Today we’ll talk about our dreams.(揭題Our dreams)
教師通過(guò)猜測(cè)任務(wù)的設(shè)置,讓學(xué)生對(duì)老師兒時(shí)的夢(mèng)想產(chǎn)生好奇,學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和表達(dá)欲望被激發(fā)。而且老師從擁有夢(mèng)想到實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想本身就是一個(gè)很有意義的過(guò)程,使得接下來(lái)的關(guān)于夢(mèng)想的探討同樣變得富有意義。這種交流互動(dòng)式的切入主題方式樸實(shí)、自然,不僅為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造了表達(dá)的機(jī)會(huì),也為學(xué)生后面的“知言得意”做了很好的鋪墊。
學(xué)生閱讀理解的過(guò)程是一個(gè)得“言”的過(guò)程,即學(xué)生掌握言語(yǔ)形式和言語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的過(guò)程,而這個(gè)過(guò)程又是學(xué)生得“意”的前提,即教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生逐步進(jìn)入文本內(nèi)蘊(yùn)層面的過(guò)程。因此教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把握語(yǔ)篇關(guān)鍵點(diǎn),并通過(guò)多種閱讀形式,如粗讀、精讀、朗讀等,逐步深入語(yǔ)篇文本。
1.預(yù)測(cè)文本,整體感知。
T:Look,Miss Li and her students are talking about their dreams.
播放錄音Miss Li:What do you want to be?
(1)Watch and guess.
T:Can you guess the children’s dreams?
(讓學(xué)生通過(guò)觀(guān)看文中幾個(gè)孩子的愛(ài)好和經(jīng)歷的視頻來(lái)猜測(cè)他們的夢(mèng)想。)
S1:I think Mike wants to be a...
S2:I think Wang Bing wants to be a...
(2)Listen and check.
T:Now let’s listen to the tape and check your answers.
Ss:Listen and check.
2.精讀文本,突破難點(diǎn)。
T:You know the children’s dreams.But why do the boys have these dreams?Please read the pas?
sage carefully and underline their reasons. (1)Read and underline.
(2)Read and learn.
T:Why does Mike/Wang Bing/Liu Tao want to be a dentist/astronaut/football player?
(教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分段學(xué)習(xí),處理重難點(diǎn)care about,fly a spaceship,the World Cup等。)
(3)Learn in groups.
T:Boys have some great dreams,how about girls?Let’s read and make a poem for them,OK?
(學(xué)生自讀文本,將女孩子們的夢(mèng)想制作成小詩(shī),并在小組內(nèi)交流誦讀。)
T:Which group can show us your poem?
(Ss show their poems.)
3.適度提煉,點(diǎn)撥明意。
T:Class,we know the children’s dreams now. How do you think of their dreams?
S1:Their dreams are cool.
......
T:Let’s listen to Miss Li.
Miss Li:Your dreams are great.I want to see your dreams come true.
學(xué)生在富有情趣又不乏深意的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中,逐步理解并掌握文本內(nèi)容,在此基礎(chǔ)上,老師適時(shí)點(diǎn)撥與提煉,讓學(xué)生評(píng)價(jià)文中孩子們的夢(mèng)想,這樣的開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題的設(shè)置,一方面能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極地思考和表達(dá),另一方面也讓學(xué)生從另外一個(gè)層面去感悟文本,學(xué)生一句句評(píng)價(jià)語(yǔ)其實(shí)是架構(gòu)起了學(xué)生與文本對(duì)話(huà)的橋梁,這也是一個(gè)知言明意的過(guò)程。
當(dāng)學(xué)生初步理解語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容并掌握其中的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)后,教師應(yīng)組織語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的活動(dòng),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生不斷內(nèi)化知識(shí),并轉(zhuǎn)化為有效的外化言語(yǔ)形式,這樣所學(xué)的文本知識(shí)才能轉(zhuǎn)化為生動(dòng)的、富有靈性的語(yǔ)言。
1.Guess your classmates’dreams.
T:I know all of you have your own dreams.Do you want to know your classmates’dreams?
(呈現(xiàn)班上同學(xué)關(guān)于自己夢(mèng)想的介紹,學(xué)生猜測(cè)同伴的夢(mèng)想是什么。)
2.Write down your dreams.
T:All of you have your great dreams.Now please write down your dreams.
3.Collect our dreams.
(Ss put their paper with their dreams into the dream bottle.)
T:Boys and girls,we all have our dreams.But how to make our dreams come true?
S1:We should work hard.
......
T:To make our dreams come true,we should make every effort.Twenty years later,let’s open our dream bottle to see whose dreams come true.And I want to see all your dreams come true.
在猜夢(mèng)想、寫(xiě)夢(mèng)想、談夢(mèng)想的過(guò)程中,學(xué)生將內(nèi)化于心中的“意”轉(zhuǎn)化為外在的“言”進(jìn)行輸出,即將心中的想法通過(guò)準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái)。同時(shí),在教師的點(diǎn)撥下,學(xué)生在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的過(guò)程中、在師生談?wù)撊绾螌?shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的過(guò)程中,又收獲了語(yǔ)篇文本中語(yǔ)言之外的思想和情感,讓“言”與“意”得到了提升與豐富,這樣的語(yǔ)篇學(xué)習(xí)才變得深刻而有意義。