答 1. person, 表示“人”的最基本用詞,泛指一切人。
When a person is learning a foreign language, he must not always be translating everything into his own. 當(dāng)一個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)時(shí),不要老是把什么都譯成自己的母語(yǔ)。
2. people, 表示“人們, 人民”,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但主謂一致,要看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)people表示“民族”時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
How many people are there in your family? 你家有幾口人?
The Chinese people are a hard-working people. 中國(guó)人民是勤勞的人民。
There are many peoples in China. 中國(guó)有許多民族。
3. human being,指“人”以區(qū)別于動(dòng)物或鬼神。有時(shí)用于指“人類(lèi)”。與一般可數(shù)名詞一樣,有單數(shù)形式a human being和human beings。
In those days the white did not treat the black slaves as human beings. 過(guò)去白人并不把黑人當(dāng)人看。
They were not the bones of an animal, but a human being. 它們不是動(dòng)物的骨頭,而是人的骨頭。
4. mankind,“人類(lèi)”,不指?jìng)€(gè)別“人”,本身無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般不與冠詞連用。
They hope to find new resources for mankind. 他們希望為人類(lèi)找到新的資源。
Penicillin was a great medical discovery for mankind. 青霉素是人類(lèi)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。
5. creature,泛指生物,指“人”時(shí),常帶有感情色彩。
Her daughter is a lovely creature. 她女兒是個(gè)可愛(ài)的姑娘。
What a poor creature he is! 他真是個(gè)可憐蟲(chóng)。
6. folk(s),表示“人們”或家里“人”。
The ants has two stomachs in its body, one for itself and one for carrying food to the folks back home. 螞蟻體內(nèi)有兩個(gè)胃,一個(gè)留自己用,一個(gè)用來(lái)帶食物給在家里的人們。
7. follow,表示“人或家伙”, 一般用于口語(yǔ)指男性。如:
The fellow I spoke to made no answer at first, looked me up and down, noticed that I was almost in rags, then said, “Just a minute.” 我所問(wèn)的那人起初一聲不響,上下打量我,注意到我衣衫襤褸,然后說(shuō):“稍等”。
The boy always gets up late. He is a lazy fellow. 這孩子總是起得很晚。他是個(gè)懶家伙。
8. man“人”, 指男性,復(fù)數(shù)為men, 但指“人類(lèi)”時(shí),只用單數(shù)形式,其前不用冠詞。
The man you shook hands with is our English teacher. 你與之握手的那人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。
Man is fighting a battle against pollution. 人類(lèi)正在與污染作斗爭(zhēng)。
9. woman“人”, 指女性, 復(fù)數(shù)為women。
The young woman you just talked to is his sister. 你剛才與之說(shuō)話的那位年輕女子是他的姐姐。
其它指“人”的詞,如: grown-up成年人,the white白人,the black黑人,the blind盲人,the sick病人, the rich富人,favourite特別喜愛(ài)的人,founder奠基人, master主人,Mrs夫人,worker工人,enemy敵人,Chinese中國(guó)人,Japanese日本人等。