余可佳

在《新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書·英語》必修二第五單元中有這樣兩個(gè)句子：

Not long after Freddy and the band became famous， they visited Britain on a brief tour. Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts.

They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians， but they could only find one who was good enough.

第一句中的wait for表示“等候”，第二句中的look for表示“尋找”。由此我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞加介詞for構(gòu)成的短語很多，有許多動(dòng)詞與介詞for搭配可以直接或間接地表達(dá)“要求”之義。

[“動(dòng)詞+for”直接表示“請(qǐng)求；要求”]

1. appeal for表示“呼吁；請(qǐng)求”。

The police appealed to the public for any information about the murder. 警方向公眾尋求那樁謀殺案的有關(guān)信息。

2. ask for表示“要求”。

Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiao Dong. He is also asking for some advice. 王小姐已經(jīng)收到小東一封信。他也要求給出一些建議。

3. beg for表示“乞求”，是人在不得已時(shí)的乞討。

All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. 在此期間，我的妻兒只得從親戚朋友處討飯吃。

4. call for表示“要求”和“需要”，有時(shí)有“打電話要求”之義。

Listen！ Do you hear someone calling for help？ 聽！你聽到有人在喊救命嗎？

The new technique calls for strict obedience to work procedure. 這種新技術(shù)要求嚴(yán)格遵照程序操作。

[ “動(dòng)詞+for”表示以某種特殊的方式提出請(qǐng)求或要求]

1. advertise for表示“登廣告尋找”；指的是通過廣告的方式提出請(qǐng)求或要求。

I need to advertise for a roommate for next term. 我要登廣告尋找下學(xué)期的合租房的室友。

2. apply for表示“申請(qǐng)”，指通過書面申請(qǐng)的方式提出要求。

She is halfway through the preparation year， which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course. 大多數(shù)外籍學(xué)生在申請(qǐng)學(xué)位課程之前都要學(xué)習(xí)一年預(yù)科，而謝蕾已經(jīng)讀完半年了。

[“動(dòng)詞+for”表示“尋找；尋求”]

1. look for表示“尋找”，意指“想找到某人或某物”。

Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠從田地里跑出來找地方藏身。

2. search for表示“搜尋”。

I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我非常尊重那些搜尋琥珀屋的人。

Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything， in the present and the past. 阿西莫夫不僅有著超凡的想象力，使他能對(duì)未來世界進(jìn)行探索，而且還有著驚人的智力，使他能對(duì)現(xiàn)在和過去的各種事物作出解釋。

3. hunt for表示“尋求”。

On the island， Chuck has to learn to survive all alone. He has to learn how to collect water， hunt for food， and make fire. 在這個(gè)島上，查克不得不學(xué)習(xí)獨(dú)自一人生存。他必須學(xué)會(huì)怎樣取水，怎樣獵取食物以及怎樣生火。

4. send for表示“派人去請(qǐng)”，指找來醫(yī)生、專家等。

Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it. 或許我們需要派人去請(qǐng)史密斯大夫來看我們?cè)撛趺崔k。

[表示位移的動(dòng)詞加for表示“前往”]

1. leave for表示“前往”，指要去某地。

They were not leaving for Montreal until later， so they went on a tour of the city. 她們要晚些時(shí)候才動(dòng)身去蒙特利爾，因此就在多倫多市內(nèi)游覽了一番。

2. head for也表示“前往”。

The young salmon are then released and head for the ocean. 然后這些小三文魚為被放入河中前往大海。

[“動(dòng)詞+for”表示“渴望；非常想要”]

1. dream for表示“夢(mèng)想得到”，意指“非常想得到”。

Just dreaming for things， however， costs nothing. 不管怎樣，夢(mèng)想是不花本錢的。

2. long for表示“渴望”。

Lucy had always longed for a brother. 露西一直渴望有一個(gè)弟弟。

3. care for表示“喜歡”，也含有“想要”之義。

Many years ago there lived an emperor， who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. 許多年以前，有一位皇帝熱衷于漂亮的新衣服勝過一切。

[與交易有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞加的for表示“交換”]

1. bargain for表示“指望；想以廉價(jià)買”。

Admire the Spanish architecture， enjoy some excellent Spanish cuisine and take some time to bargain for some souvenirs at the colourful markets. 觀賞西班牙式的建筑，品嘗西班牙美味，好好逛逛五顏六色的市場(chǎng)，花些時(shí)間討價(jià)還價(jià)買點(diǎn)紀(jì)念品。

2. pay for表示“為……付錢”和“為……付出代價(jià)”。

I went and paid the bill for the room. 我去付了房款。

3. exchange for表示“交換”。

Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds？ 我在那里可能將美元換成英鎊？

[表示位移的動(dòng)詞加for表達(dá)“到某地取某物”]

1. go for表示“去取回”和“去拿”，暗含有“要求”的意味。

It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 那是在1952年，曼德拉是我尋求幫助的一位黑人律師。

當(dāng)go for后接一個(gè)動(dòng)作名詞的特殊單數(shù)形式時(shí)，常表示“去做”。

You can also go for a hike in the countryside. 你可以去鄉(xiāng)下做徒步旅行。

2. come for表示“來?。粊斫印?。

Ive come for her belongings. 我來取她的東西。

[“動(dòng)詞+for”表示“為……而奮斗/斗爭(zhēng)”]

1. struggle for表示“為……而奮斗/斗爭(zhēng)”，其中介詞for后接表示“目標(biāo)；要求”的名詞或名詞短語。

The young artist was struggling for recognition in the field. 那名青年藝術(shù)家正在努力以便得到行業(yè)認(rèn)同。

此外，struggle for還可以接對(duì)象或時(shí)間。

Indeed， his sun-burnt face and arms and his slim， strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers， for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的確，他那被太陽曬得黝黑的臉龐和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身軀，就跟其他千百萬中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣，過去50年來，他一直在努力幫助他們。

2. fight for表示“為……而戰(zhàn)斗”。

Two dogs fight for a bone and a third runs away with it. 兩只狗為了一根骨頭打斗，結(jié)果骨頭被第三只狗叼走了。

[ wait for表示“等待”，意指“等候要見的人或等候要用的物”]

Neither a wise man nor a brave man lies down on the tracks of history to wait for the train of the future to run over them. 聰明的人和勇敢的人都不會(huì)躺在歷史的軌道上等候未來的列車從他們身上碾過。