周偉

非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞），即動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。非謂語動詞歷來是高考考查的重點(diǎn)。考查要點(diǎn)一般在下面幾個方面設(shè)置：兩個及多個動詞連用時的非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語，非謂語動詞的一般式、完成式和被動語態(tài)，動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，非謂語動詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與主句主語保持一致等，試題的命題方向是考查注重語境，強(qiáng)調(diào)基本概念的運(yùn)用，同學(xué)們對非謂語動詞的運(yùn)用在備考時要引起足夠的重視。以下例題就易錯非謂語動詞的題型時行對比說明。

例1 ①________ by some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.

②________ some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.

A. Following B. To be followed

C. Having followed D. Followed

解析 DA。①主句的主語與分詞為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系； ②主句的主語與分詞為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

例2 ①The teacher told us that this English poem was ________.

②The teacher told us that this English poem was difficult ________.

A. understanding B. to understand

C. to be understood D. understand

解析 CB。①沒有形容詞作表語，不定式用被動式；②有形容詞作表語時，不定式要用主動式與形容詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。

例3 ①They worked all day， _______ for the sports meeting.

②They worked all day _______ for the sports meeting.

A. prepare B. preparing

C. prepared D. to prepare

解析 BD。①preparing伴隨狀語；②to prepare目的狀語。

例4 ①Their team is sure ____ the game. Im confident in them.

②Their team is sure ______ the game. Theyre confident in themselves.

A. to win B. win

C. to winning D. of winning

解析 AD。①be sure to do“一定會……”；②be sure of doing“對做……有把握”。

例5 ①There is a large waiting room there， _______ a lot of passengers.

②There are a lot of passengers ______ in the waiting room there.

A. seating B. sitting

C. seats D. sits

解析 AB。①非謂語動詞seating這里是及物的，應(yīng)接一個賓語，意為“使（讓）……就座”；②sitting不及物動詞，分詞短語作后置定語。

例6 ①—Im going to town. I have something ________ to my sister.

②—Im going to town. Do you have anything ________ to your sister？

A. taking B. to be taken

C. to take D. taken

解析 CB。①“帶去”的動作是“I”發(fā)出的，故不定式用主動式“to take”；②“帶去”的動作不是“you”發(fā)出的，故不定式要用被動式“to be taken”

例7 ①—Have you _____ to Jack for many years？

—No， just one year.

②—Have you ______ to Jack？

—Not yet.

A. been marrying B. married

C. got married D. been married

解析 DC。①表示可持續(xù)性狀態(tài)用be married； ②表示行為動作要用get married，且不能持續(xù)。

例8 ①Seeing my mother is busy， I cant help ________ housework.

②I was busy with my work， so I cant help ________ housework.

A. do B. be doing

C. to doing D. doing

解析 DA。①cant help （to） do不能幫忙做某事；②cant help doing忍不住做某事。

例9 ①Who would you like ________ you with your English？

②Who would you rather have _______ you with your English？

③Who would you rather _______ you with your English？

A. helped B. helping

C. to help D. help

解析 CDA。①would like sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”； ②would rather have sb. do sth “寧愿讓某人做某事”，不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語； ③would rather （that） sb. did sth. “寧愿讓某人做某事”。賓語從句中動詞用虛擬語氣。

例10 ①In this university， Mr. Smith is the only one of the professors who _______ Chinese.

②In this university， Mr. Smith is one of the professors who _______ Chinese.

③In this university， Mr. Smith is among the professors _______ Chinese.

A. know B. knows

C. knowing D. to know

解析 BAC。①定語從句修飾the only one用單數(shù)；②定語從句修飾the professors用復(fù)數(shù)；③現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，相當(dāng)于主動語態(tài)的定語從句who know Chinese。

例11 ①He is looking forward ________ his grandma in the country next week.

②He was looking forward ________ what was going on over there.

③He was looking forward， ________ what was going on over there.

A. to see B. seeing

C. to seeing D. see

解析 CAB。①期盼；②往前湊想看看那邊發(fā)生什么事，to see作目的狀語；③往前湊看到那邊發(fā)生了什么事；seeing作結(jié)果狀語。

例12 ①—I thank you ________ me the news.

—Youre welcome.

②—I appreciate your ________ me the news.

—Its my pleasure.

③—I thank you ________ me the news.

—All right.

A. for telling B. tell

C. to tell D. telling

解析 ADC。①thank sb. for doing sth.“表示感謝某人做某事”；②appreciate“感謝”時不接“人”做賓語，常接名詞或動名詞；③thank sb. to do sth. “懇求某人做某事”。

例13 ①I suggested he __________ it again.

②I suggested him __________ it again.

③His expression suggested he ________ it again.

A. try B. trying

C. tried D. had tried

解析 ABD。①suggest表示“建議”賓語從句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣“should do”；②suggest不可接不定式，但可接動名詞或動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；③suggest做“暗示；表明”意思時，賓語從句用直稱語氣。

例14 ①I think your suggestion is worth .

②I think your suggestion is worthy of _______.

③I think your suggestion is worthy _______.

A. consider B. being considered

C. to be considered D. considering

解析 DBC。①表示“……值得做”用“sth. is worth doing”；②sth. is worthy既可用“of being done”也可用“to be done”。

例15 ①Her overcoat ________， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

②The girl， ________ in her overcoat， hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

③On ________ her overcoat， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

④The girl ________ a overcoat hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

A. putting on B. dressed

C. wearing D. going on

解析 DBAC。①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做時間狀語，go on不及物，作“穿戴”時，常用衣、帽鞋襪作主語；②dressed in... = who was dressed in...；③（姑娘）一穿上大衣，On doing sth， “一……就……”；④wearing現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語相當(dāng)與主動語態(tài)的定語從句who is wearing...。

例16 ①He had his sick kid _______ to the hospital， for he had no time then.

②He had a boy _______ the books for him.

③He had a boy _______ the books all the morning.

④He had a boy _______ on his motorcycle， so he couldnt take me along.

A. carry B. to carry

C. carrying D. carried

解析 DACB。 ①“have...done”“請（讓）某人做某事”（他當(dāng)時沒空，他請別人把他生病的孩子送到醫(yī)院）；②have+賓語+do賓補(bǔ)）；③have sb. doing=keep sb. doing“讓（使）某人一直做……”；④had是行為動詞“有”，后接不定式作定語，而不是使役動詞。

例17 ①East of the city ________ a beautiful park 3 years ago.

②He ________ his hand on my shoulder.

③He often _______ to his teacher in high school.

④Hes ________ there for 2 hours.

A. laid B. lied

C. lay D. lain

解析 CABD。①完全倒裝句，動詞“位于”lie的過去式為lay；②動詞lay“擱置；放”的過去式為laid；③動詞lie“撒謊”的過去式為lied。

[練習(xí)]

1. ①Three years later he turned ______ doctor.

②Three years later he became ______ doctor.

A. an B. a C. 不填 D. the

2. ①M(fèi)any students find ______ difficult to learn.

②Many students find ______ language difficult to learn.

A. English B. an English

C. the English D. England

3.①New York is much larger than ______ in America.

②New York is much larger than _____ in India.

A. other city B. any city

C. all cities D. any other city

4. ①The workers ______ a new hospital since the end of last year.

②The workers ______ a new hospital by the end of last year.

A. have built B. have been building

C. had built D. were building

5. ①The little girl had no choice but _______ at home.

②The little girl could do nothing but ______ at home.

A. to stay B. to staying

C. stayed D. stay

6. ①The book is worth _______， I think.

②The book is worthy of _______， I think.

③ The book is worthy _______， I think.

A. to be read B. being read

C. reading D. read

7. ①She often goes to school _______ bike.

②She often goes to school _______ foot.

A. in B. at

C. on D. by

[參考答案]

1. CB 2. DC 3. DB 4. BD 5. AD 6. CBA 7. DC