趙爽 周揚(yáng)
[摘要] 目的 探討冷療法對(duì)眼部整形美容術(shù)患者的臨床療效。方法 收集2013年3月—2015年5月在該院整形外科接受眼部整形術(shù)的患者80例,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為冷療組和常規(guī)組,各組40例。常規(guī)組術(shù)后采用常規(guī)的處理方法。冷療組在術(shù)后采用冰塊冷敷的方法。比較兩組患者術(shù)后創(chuàng)傷反應(yīng)、疼痛程度及傷口恢復(fù)情況及術(shù)后開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)及痊愈的時(shí)間。結(jié)果 冷療組患者創(chuàng)傷反應(yīng)分布在Ⅰ級(jí)反應(yīng)、Ⅱ級(jí)反應(yīng)的比例明顯高于常規(guī)組(P<0.05),冷療組患者疼痛程度分布在無(wú)痛、輕微疼痛的比例明顯高于常規(guī)組(P<0.05),冷療組患者傷口恢復(fù)達(dá)痊愈的比例明顯高于常規(guī)組(P<0.05),冷療組術(shù)后傷口開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)間、痊愈的時(shí)間均明顯短于常規(guī)組(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 眼部整形美容術(shù)后進(jìn)行冷療處理能有效減輕患者的創(chuàng)傷反應(yīng),緩解疼痛,消除腫脹,減少滲出,從而促進(jìn)術(shù)后傷口的恢復(fù),提高療效。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 眼部整形美容;冷療;疼痛;創(chuàng)傷反應(yīng)
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R4 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2016)03(b)-0046-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of cold treatment applied to the patients with ocular plastic surgery. Methods 80 patients underwent ocular plastic surgery in Plastic Surgery Department of our hospital from March 2013 to May 2015 were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into cold treatment group and conventional group, 40 patients in each group. After surgery, the conventional group were treated by the conventional treatment, the cold treatment group were treated by cold compress with ice cakes. The postoperative wound reaction, pain degree and wound recovery, the time that the condition started to get better after surgery, and the healing time were compared between the two groups. Results The proportion of patients with trauma reactions distributed at first-stage reaction and the second-stage reaction in the cold treatment group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group, respectively (P<0.05). The proportion of patients without pain in the cold treatment group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with slightly pain in the cold treatment group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group (P<0.05). The ratio of patients with healed wound in the cold treatment group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group (P<0.05). The time of postoperative wound beginning to recover in the cold treatment group was much shorter than that in the conventional group (P<0.05). The time needed for wound healing in the cold treatment group was much shorter than that in the conventional group (P<0.05). Conclusion Cold treatment given to the patients after ocular plastic surgery can effectively reduce the traumatic reaction, relieve the pain, eliminate swelling, and reduce the effusion so as to promote the recovery of wound, and improve the curative effect.
[Key words] Ocular plastic surgery; Cold treatment; Pain; Traumatic reaction
近期,隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)展,及人們審美觀的改變,整形美容手術(shù)已被廣大群眾所接受。眼部整形美容術(shù)能矯正眼部畸形,故能幫助此類(lèi)患者或?qū)ψ约貉鄄坎粷M意患者實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)美的追求[1]。然而手術(shù)會(huì)引起不同程度的疼痛、腫脹,影響患者術(shù)后日常生活,因此,為了盡快讓患者在術(shù)后康復(fù),降低疼痛、腫脹等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率,縮短術(shù)后愈合時(shí)間,提高患者術(shù)后的日常生活能力,通常需在術(shù)后進(jìn)行相應(yīng)處理。以往主要采用抗菌消炎等常規(guī)處理,效果不甚理想,近年來(lái),許多學(xué)者開(kāi)始用冷療法進(jìn)行處理,效果滿意。冷療法是一種采用低于人體溫度的物質(zhì)(冷水或冰塊)敷于機(jī)體局部而使局部溫度降低、止痛、止血、緩解炎性水腫及滲出,促進(jìn)傷口盡快愈合的療法[2]。2013年3月—2015年5月該院整形外科對(duì)40例行眼部整形美容術(shù)患者在術(shù)后進(jìn)行冷療法治療,并與常規(guī)處理進(jìn)行對(duì)照,比較兩種方法的療效,旨在尋找一種促進(jìn)眼部整形美容術(shù)后恢復(fù),提高美容效果的有效方法,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取在該院整形外科接受眼部整形術(shù)的患者80例為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為冷療組和常規(guī)組,各組40例。常規(guī)組男8例,女32例;年齡14~47歲(25.2±7.6)歲;手術(shù)方式:雙重瞼成形術(shù)10例,上瞼下垂矯正術(shù)9例,下瞼袋切除術(shù)5例,義眼臺(tái)植入術(shù)12例,其他手術(shù)4例。冷療組男9例,女31例;年齡15~48歲(25.8±7.9)歲;手術(shù)方式:雙重瞼成形術(shù)11例,上瞼下垂矯正術(shù)8例,下瞼袋切除術(shù)6例,義眼臺(tái)植入術(shù)12例,其他手術(shù)3例。排除合并營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎等疾病影響康復(fù)的患者。經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn),兩組的性別、年齡、手術(shù)方式及其他一般情況無(wú)明顯差異,滿足可比性要求。
1.2 方法
所有患者在接受眼部整形手術(shù)前接受常規(guī)檢查,進(jìn)行必要的術(shù)前處理后進(jìn)行眼部整形手術(shù),手術(shù)方式相同或相似。術(shù)后常規(guī)組進(jìn)行常規(guī)的處理,冷療組則進(jìn)行冷療法處理,具體操作如下:術(shù)后常規(guī)包扎傷口,以眼墊遮蓋施術(shù)眼,將已準(zhǔn)備好的冰袋(用自來(lái)水灌入醫(yī)用橡膠手套中置于-20 ℃冰箱內(nèi),待結(jié)冰即可)敷于施術(shù)眼進(jìn)行局部冷敷,每次冷敷至冰塊融化,每天冷敷2次,傷口腫脹完全消失后停止冷敷。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
觀察兩組患者術(shù)后創(chuàng)傷反應(yīng)、切口疼痛及術(shù)后傷口恢復(fù)情況,對(duì)比兩組好轉(zhuǎn)和痊愈所需的時(shí)間。
1.3.1 術(shù)后創(chuàng)傷反應(yīng)判斷 ①Ⅰ級(jí)反應(yīng)。傷口有輕度腫脹,青紫范圍較小(一般不足2 cm×1 cm),敷料干燥無(wú)滲血。②Ⅱ級(jí)反應(yīng)。傷口有輕度水腫,皮下有散點(diǎn)分布的瘀血斑,青紫范圍較大(2 cm×1 cm~2 cm×2 cm), 敷料干燥,但有少量滲血,患者睜眼困難。③Ⅲ級(jí)反應(yīng)。傷口有明顯水腫,皮下有較多瘀血,青紫范圍極大(超2 cm×2 cm), 敷料濕,滲血嚴(yán)重,患者面部有發(fā)緊感[3]。
1.3.2 切口疼痛判斷 采用VAS疼痛評(píng)分[4]對(duì)疼痛程度進(jìn)行評(píng)定, 0分代表無(wú)疼痛,0~3分代表輕微疼痛, 4~6分代表重度疼痛, 7~10分代表強(qiáng)烈疼痛。
1.3.3 傷口恢復(fù)情況 痊愈:傷口無(wú)腫脹,青紫、滲血等現(xiàn)象消失,傷口完全愈合。好轉(zhuǎn):傷口有輕度腫脹,無(wú)瘀血斑,青紫范圍明顯縮小,傷口完全愈合。差:傷口腫脹明顯,青紫、滲血等現(xiàn)象仍存在,傷口未愈合[5]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
選用SPSS 21.0 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計(jì)量資料符合正態(tài)分布以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)描述,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(n,%)表示,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn),非正態(tài)分別數(shù)據(jù)采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組創(chuàng)傷反應(yīng)情況
冷療組患者創(chuàng)傷反應(yīng)分布在Ⅰ級(jí)反應(yīng)、Ⅱ級(jí)反應(yīng)的比例明顯高于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組切口疼痛情況
冷療組患者疼痛程度分布在無(wú)痛、輕微疼痛的比例明顯高于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組傷口恢復(fù)情況
冷療組患者傷口恢復(fù)達(dá)痊愈的比例明顯高于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 兩組術(shù)后恢復(fù)時(shí)間比較
冷療組術(shù)后(2.1±0.5)d傷口開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn),(6.9±2.0)d基本痊愈;常規(guī)組術(shù)后(7.8±1.5)d傷口開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn),(16.3±4.7)d 基本痊愈,冷療組術(shù)后傷口開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)間、痊愈的時(shí)間均明顯短于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=8.628,9.272, P=0.00<0.05)。
3 討論
近年來(lái),眼部整形美容術(shù)已逐漸推廣應(yīng)用,目前出現(xiàn)了多種手術(shù),如眼部除皺術(shù)、眉下垂矯正術(shù)、重瞼術(shù)、眼袋整形術(shù)等。近期隨著醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)展及人們對(duì)創(chuàng)傷要求的提高,無(wú)痛、快速、微創(chuàng)等理念已是眼部整形美容術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)?,F(xiàn)今,眼部整形手術(shù)包括切開(kāi)法和縫線法,兩者均符合微創(chuàng)、快速等理念,但仍會(huì)給給患者眼部留下創(chuàng)傷。若創(chuàng)傷恢復(fù)欠佳可影響患者日常生活,增加醫(yī)療糾紛的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),故整形術(shù)后進(jìn)行必要處理,以促進(jìn)傷口愈合顯得格外重要。
該研究結(jié)果顯示,冷療組患者創(chuàng)傷反應(yīng)在Ⅰ級(jí)、Ⅱ級(jí)的比例分別為27.5%、55.0%,明顯高于常規(guī)組的10.0%、42.5%;冷療組患者無(wú)痛、輕微疼痛的比例分別