荷蘭蝙蝠橋

Bat Bridge Ready For Habitation,The Netherlands

Vlotwateringbrug的蝙蝠橋已于2015年10月對(duì)公眾開(kāi)放，橋體為蝙蝠類群提供了3類棲息場(chǎng)所。在寒冷的冬天，它們能躲在封閉的區(qū)域，春天它們能藏在縫隙里，夏天它們能倒掛在橋下。該設(shè)計(jì)旨在為給各類蝙蝠提供一個(gè)理想的棲息環(huán)境，以促進(jìn)蝙蝠種群的繁衍。哺乳動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì)的蝙蝠專家馬塞爾·謝爾曼斯評(píng)價(jià)說(shuō)：“該設(shè)計(jì)體現(xiàn)了功能服務(wù)與生態(tài)環(huán)保的完美融合?！?/p>

該橋建在一些蝙蝠類群的飛行必經(jīng)之地。為了優(yōu)化蝙蝠橋的適用性，橋體采用混凝土材料制成。隔熱又保溫的混凝土材質(zhì)能夠提供一個(gè)穩(wěn)定且宜居的氣候環(huán)境。橋的底部設(shè)有入口槽，開(kāi)口處做粗糙表面處理，使蝙蝠更容易攀附。入口槽是混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，巧妙地利用了空間結(jié)構(gòu)的橫截面為蝙蝠提供棲息處。

1 蝙蝠橋?qū)⒆鳛槠諣枀^(qū)一部分，是一處帶有自然河堤和魚類產(chǎn)卵地的綠色休憩空間。（NEXT建筑事務(wù)所提供）Plan of the Vlotwatering bridge as part of the Poelzone, a new green recreational area with natural banks and spawn sites for fish. Courtesy: NEXT architects.

2、4 蝙蝠橋作為公園的入口標(biāo)志在水上蜿蜒而過(guò)，擁有清晰開(kāi)闊的全景視野。（NEXT建筑事務(wù)所提供）The bridge winds over the water and marks the scenic entrance to the park with a clear view of the area. The Vlotwtering is currently an important route for several species of bats. Courtesy: NEXT architects.

3 橋梁設(shè)計(jì)旨在給各類蝙蝠提供一個(gè)理想的棲息環(huán)境，以促進(jìn)蝙蝠種群的繁衍。（雷蒙德·魯特汀提供）The bridge design is intended to constitute the ideal habitat for various species of bats, so that a large colony will grow around the bridge. Photo: Raymond Rutting.

5 蝙蝠橋也是人行道和自行車路徑的一部分。（NEXT建筑事務(wù)所提供）The bat bridge is part of the pedestrian- and cycle paths. Photo: NEXT architects.

6 蝙蝠橋的橫截面。（NEXT建筑事務(wù)所提供）Cross section of the Vlotwatering bridge. Courtesy: NEXT architects.

7 哺乳動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì)的蝙蝠專家馬塞爾?謝爾曼斯評(píng)價(jià)說(shuō)：“該設(shè)計(jì)體現(xiàn)了功能服務(wù)與生態(tài)環(huán)保的完美融合?！?（雷蒙德·魯特汀提供）"A textbook example of how a functional object can at the same time serve nature," says bat-expert Marcel Schillemans from the Mammal Society. Photo: Raymond Rutting.

該橋橫跨了Vlotwatering河，連接了兩岸的城市地塊，也成為普爾區(qū)（Poel zone）的入口標(biāo)志。在橋的最高點(diǎn)處，人們可享受清晰開(kāi)闊的全景視野。層層疊疊的木板縫隙展示了既通透又朦朧的河岸景色。該混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)拱橋的跨度為25m，S型甲板由有精心設(shè)計(jì)的壓力分布結(jié)構(gòu)支撐著。

蝙蝠橋不僅成為了普爾區(qū)（Poel zone）的一部分，也成為了格蘭文贊德（Gravenzande）、納爾德韋克（Naaldwijk） 和蒙斯特（ Monster）三個(gè)地區(qū)間的重要中心。同時(shí)，橋梁所連接的兩側(cè)河岸將成為新的綠色休閑區(qū)和水產(chǎn)基地。LOLA景觀事務(wù)所負(fù)責(zé)該區(qū)域的景觀設(shè)計(jì)工作，不僅強(qiáng)調(diào)了現(xiàn)有綠色景觀和生態(tài)的聯(lián)系，還滲透著自然環(huán)境與游憩價(jià)值相輔相成的理念。

9 蝙蝠橋成為荷蘭地區(qū)不同路線之間的連接紐帶（ 雷蒙德·魯特汀提供）As a piece of the puzzle, the bridge connects different routes in the Westland area. Photo: Raymond Rutting.

9 蝙蝠橋的橫截面。（NEXT建筑事務(wù)所提供）Cross section of the Vlotwatering bridge. Courtesy: NEXT architects.

類型：橋梁

地點(diǎn)：荷蘭蒙斯特

跨度：25m

成本：1 200 000歐元

狀態(tài)：已完成

初步設(shè)計(jì)： 2014年1月

最終設(shè)計(jì)： 2014年3月

開(kāi)工時(shí)間： 2014年12月

竣工時(shí)間： 2015年10月

委托人：瓦特靈恩市政府

設(shè)計(jì)師：NEXT設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

聯(lián)系人：艾恩 B.若瑟

建筑顧問(wèn)：哈萊姆建筑技術(shù)公司 (佛蘭克·梅耶爾)

成本顧問(wèn)：拉恩建筑咨詢公司 (特奧·拉恩)

生態(tài)顧問(wèn)：哺乳動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì) (赫爾曼·林佩)

承包商：Kroes B.V收養(yǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：巴爾特·若瑟、瑪金·申克、 米歇爾·斯瑞莫徹、朱瑞安·赫拉、西爾維婭·亨德里克斯、盧克·沃特曼、安娜·希爾格斯、 安娜·卡恩諾斯卡

翻譯：李鑫

校對(duì)：唐彧瑋

10 在橋的最高點(diǎn)處，人們可享受清晰開(kāi)闊的全景視野。（NEXT建筑事務(wù)所提供）At the highest point, the bridge makes a turn for a clear view of the area. Photo: NEXT architects.

The Vlotwateringbrug or popularly ‘bat bridge’has opened for the public in the beginning of October. The bridge has three speci fi c components that provide roost for several bat species. At the north side the abutment functions as a winter stay. The deck and the brick balustrade accommodate stays for bats during the summer. The bridge design is intended to constitute the ideal habitat for various species of bats, aiming to grow a large colony. “A textbook example of how a functional object can at the same time serve nature,” says bat-expert Marcel Schillemans from the Mammal Society.

The project is located along a flight route of several bat species. To optimize the suitability of the bridge for bats, the structure is made out of concrete. The mass of the concrete provides a stable and pleasant climate. The underside of the bridge is provided with entrance slots. The openings have a rough fi nish for grip. The slots are part of a pattern of grooves in the concrete arch. Clever use is made of the structural space in the cross section to implement the roosts.

Crossing the Vlotwatering the new bridge winds between two existing parcels and marks the entrance of the Poel zone. At the highest point, the bridge makes a turn for a clear view of the area. The wooden lamellas provide openness to the natural banks along the water. With a length of 25 meters the concrete arch spans the entire Vlotwatering. The S-shaped deck is supported with a pressure arc that slants under the bridge.

11 精細(xì)排列的薄木片象征著蝙蝠棲息的洞穴入口（ NEXT建筑事務(wù)所提供）The wooden lamellae that mark the entrances to the bat caves are delicately detailed. Photo: NEXT architects.

The bat bridge becomes part of the Poel zone, an elongated area in the Westland between the existing centres of Gravenzande, Naaldwijk and Monster. Along the waterway a new green recreational zone with natural banks and spawn sites for fish will be realized. The landscape design by LOLA Landscape is made to strengthen the existing green and ecological connections in which natural and recreational values complement each other.

Type / Program / Purpose: Bridge

Location: Monster, The Netherlands

Span: 25 mtr

Cost / Value: € 1.200.000

Status: Completed

Preliminary design: Jan 2014

Final design: Mar 2014

Start building: Dec 2014

Completion: Oct 2015

Client: Municipality of Wateringen

Architect designer: NEXT architects

Contact person: Ir. B. Reuser

12 層層疊疊的木板縫隙展示了既通透又朦朧的河岸景色（NEXT建筑事務(wù)所提供）The bridge's wooden lamellas provide openness for the natural banks along the water. Photo: NEXT architects.

Advisor construction: Pieters Bouwtechniek Haarlem (Frank Meijer)

Advisor cost: Laan Bouwkostenadvies (Theo Laan)

Advisor ecology: Zoogdiervereniging (Herman Limpens)

Contractor(s): Kroes aannemingsbedrijf B.V.

Team: Bart Reuser,Marijn Schenk,Michel Schreinemachers, Jurriaan Hillerstr?m,Sylvia Hendriks, Luuc Sonke, Anne Hilgers, Anna Korzeniowska

Translator: LI Xin

Proofreading: TANG Yu-wei

13 在橋的底面采用混凝土材質(zhì)，為蝙蝠提供一個(gè)穩(wěn)定且宜居的氣候環(huán)境。（雷蒙德·魯特汀提供）On the underside of the bridge, the mass of the concrete provides a stable and pleasant climate for bats. Photo: Raymond Rutting.

14 蝙蝠橋由跨度為25m的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)拱橋構(gòu)成（ NEXT建筑事務(wù)所提供）The construction consists of a concrete arch which spans 25 meters. Photo: NEXT architects.