□文/Sor Chandara

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柬埔寨銀行推行使用人民幣進(jìn)行更多貿(mào)易結(jié)算

□文/Sor Chandara

隨著中國(guó)與柬埔寨之間貿(mào)易規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，柬埔寨銀行從業(yè)人員已請(qǐng)求增設(shè)相關(guān)銀行設(shè)備，以便于使用中國(guó)貨幣（人民幣）進(jìn)行進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易的結(jié)算。

在一場(chǎng)由中國(guó)銀行主辦的研討會(huì)上，中國(guó)銀行金邊分行首席執(zhí)行官陳長(zhǎng)江指出，自柬埔寨國(guó)家銀行（NBC）授權(quán)該分行為辦理柬埔寨當(dāng)?shù)丶爸屑韮蓢?guó)跨境人民幣交易業(yè)務(wù)的結(jié)算銀行以來，人民幣在中柬兩國(guó)貿(mào)易往來過程中的交易數(shù)額穩(wěn)步上升。

陳長(zhǎng)江說：“人民幣國(guó)際化不僅可以推動(dòng)中國(guó)與世界之間的不斷融合，而且能夠?yàn)榭缇惩顿Y、跨境貿(mào)易以及跨境金融交易提供更多渠道?！?/p>

他補(bǔ)充道，截至2015年前6個(gè)月，中國(guó)銀行駐金邊分行已辦理的跨境匯付業(yè)務(wù)總額為3500萬(wàn)元人民幣，折合550萬(wàn)美元。

在柬埔寨國(guó)內(nèi)，準(zhǔn)許辦理人民幣結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)的銀行一共有兩家：一家是中國(guó)銀行，另一家是中國(guó)工商銀行。

很多柬埔寨當(dāng)?shù)氐慕鹑跈C(jī)構(gòu)也為商家或企業(yè)提供人民幣結(jié)算服務(wù)。

據(jù)中國(guó)銀行相關(guān)報(bào)道顯示，2014年，中國(guó)與柬埔寨雙邊貿(mào)易額突破37億美元，預(yù)計(jì)將于2017年突破50億美元。

中國(guó)銀行香港分行經(jīng)濟(jì)與戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃部主管E Zhihuan表示，中國(guó)與柬埔寨之間貿(mào)易往來的快速發(fā)展，為兩國(guó)以人民幣為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行交易的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，也為柬埔寨打造了一個(gè)規(guī)?？捎^的“人民幣”流動(dòng)庫(kù)。

E Zhihuan 說：“使用人民幣進(jìn)行結(jié)算將使柬埔寨企業(yè)從中受益，尤其是對(duì)面向中國(guó)出口的柬埔寨企業(yè)來說，將享受到具有穩(wěn)定性好的貨幣支付業(yè)務(wù)?！?/p>

“從另一方面來講，就中國(guó)的進(jìn)口而言，使用人民幣進(jìn)行貿(mào)易支付有望提升商家的議價(jià)能力，幫助他們通過協(xié)商獲得優(yōu)價(jià)商品。”

獨(dú)立經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Srey Chanthy稱，對(duì)柬埔寨國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)來說，使用人民幣與中國(guó)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易結(jié)算沒有任何問題，這將有利于更好地協(xié)調(diào)兩國(guó)之間的商貿(mào)活動(dòng)。然而，將人民幣用于日常交易有可能不利于柬埔寨現(xiàn)有的銀行業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)。

“如果我們像使用美元那樣使用人民幣，將會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些問題。對(duì)柬埔寨人民來說，這樣做會(huì)讓他們感到費(fèi)解，可能導(dǎo)致其對(duì)柬埔寨銀行業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)喪失信心，進(jìn)而不再將他們的錢存入銀行?！彼f。

他接著指出，在貿(mào)易結(jié)算方面，使用人民幣進(jìn)行結(jié)算有可能會(huì)保護(hù)貿(mào)易商免遭美元匯率波動(dòng)所帶來的潛在損失。

柬埔寨小額信貸聯(lián)合會(huì)主席Bun Mony表示，柬埔寨目前仍主要使用美元和歐元進(jìn)行貿(mào)易結(jié)算，人民幣在貿(mào)易結(jié)算中僅占少量比重。

“倘若中國(guó)有意推行人民幣在國(guó)際貿(mào)易結(jié)算中的使用，需要加大人民幣在市場(chǎng)中的投放力度?！彼f，“如果人民幣的投放量加大且在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的使用量增加，我相信，柬埔寨在貿(mào)易結(jié)算過程中使用的人民幣的數(shù)量會(huì)隨之增加?！睆娜嗣駧艊?guó)際化不僅可以推動(dòng)中國(guó)與世界之間的不斷融合，而且能夠?yàn)榭缇惩顿Y、跨境貿(mào)易以及跨境金融交易提供更多渠道。

許志亮譯

來源：柬埔寨《金邊郵報(bào)》官網(wǎng)

Importing from China Can Complement Indian Manufacturing

written by Ishu Jain

C hina is rightly called the "factory of the world." Chinese products seem to be everywhere:Every day we see tags,labels and stickers displaying the legend "Made in China." In recent times,pundits have wondered if China will lose its spot as other economies offering cheap labor dull China's competitive edge.However,the availability of cheap labor is just one of the many factors that have made China a manufacturing hub,and it will take more than cutthroat desire for emerging economies to set up a business ecosystem that can compete with China's.

In September 2014,Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi outlined the "Make in India" program,which aims at promoting India as an investment destination and a global hub for manufacturing,design and innovation.

After the launch of the "Make in India" initiative,recently there have been a lot of talks about manufacturing moving from China to India.The Western media likens it to a zero-sum game between the two Asian giants,and pose hypothetical question on whether "Make in India" can overtake "Made in China."

Demographics is the key,both to India's success and China's stagnation,in the coming years.The size of China's labor force decreased for the third year in a row in 2015,whereas India has demographics in its favor with the working age population set to rise by 125 million in the next decade.This vast human resource pool in India will keep wages competitive and provide scale of operations to the manufacturers.The employees,in turn,will add to the expanding affl uent middle-class in India and thus providing a huge internal market.

India's government hopes that hundreds of Chinese companies will become part of India's industry.China has actively entered Indian markets in recent years.Lenovo Group announced that it began making smart phones in the Indian city of Chennai while Foxconn,the maker of iPhones,plans to open plants in all the major Indian states.

China has over 30 years of experience in producing goods for Western markets.In this time,Chinese companies have acquired a knowledge base to get to the point where it's not only cheap goods being made,but also high quality.While China moves into a middle-income country bracket,there would be movement of labor intensive low-cost goods manufacturing to other countries; but mediumto-high end manufacturing will still remain China's sweet spot.

Industrial production does not take place in isolation,but rather relies on networks.The business ecosystem in China has evolved quite a lot in the last 30 years.For example,Shenzhen has evolved as a hub for the electronics industry.It has cultivated an ecosystem to support the supply chain.There are so many established production ecosystems like this in China that it is very difficult to transfer production anywhere else.

Coinciding with the "Make in India" pitch,the Chinese government has launched a "Made in China 2025" campaign with a host of tax concessions in an effort to retain its manufacturing prowess.China will encourage high-tech imports,research and development (R&D) to upgrade "Made in China",according to the decision announced by the Chinese central government.Under the new campaign China will use tax breaks to encourage enterprises to upgrade their equipment and increase R&D efforts to improve the manufacturing industry.

China's new move aims to prompt the technical improvement of companies.The State Council asked government organs to implement the new measures as soon as possible to arm "Made in China" with advanced technology and equipment,encouraging more competitive products with high added value.

Thus China and India will together emerge as the manufacturing beacons of 21st century - with China focusing on the hightech,high-value added manufacturing while Indian government's primary focus will be on high-volume and labor-intensive manufacturing.

We should try to combine "Make in India" and "Made in China" together.The key word in India-China relationship is development,which is a major factor of our cooperation.What gets less attention but matters more is that Indian imports from China are mostly capital goods that are industrializing India and retail merchandise is a small part of bilateral trade.Rather than stifl e Indian manufacturing,importing from China is actually complementary to growing Indian exports.

Resource:www.globaltimes.cn

The author is head of China & South East Asia at Invest India,a joint venture between Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry and Government of India.