CHINA WILL HAVE ITS OWN ANSWER ABOUT INNOVATION

The Ambassador often does his daily work at this desk.大使經(jīng)常在這張辦公桌前處理日常公務(wù)。

N=NIHAO

D=JEAN-JACQUES DE DARDEL

N: How did you feel when you first arrived in China as an ambassador?

D:I started my ambassadorship after discovering China 30 years ago. When I arrived with my wife for the new term in Beijing in February 2014 as an ambassador, it was during one of the worst peaks of pollution in the city. I could hardly see anything beyond 50 meters.

But I'm a relatively good-natured person and ready to face whatever circumstances arise. After living here for a while, I found the sky has become clearer. My experience ever since has been full of joy and I've been happy to put my energy into my job and discovering China.

N: What pushed you to work on the Sino-Swiss Green and Low Carbon City Project?

D:I promote it because it's an important component of the embassy's work. I took up my post at a time of great development and strengthening of our bilateral relations, and this is what made my stay here so fascinating. We're old friends. Switzerland and China started fostering a positive relationship 66 years ago as we developed diplomatic relations with The People's Republic of China in 1950.Ever since, we played a pioneering role in China's opening up process to the rest of the world.

We were chosen to work on the project by different levels of decision makers, either at the governmental level or individual level. We've already had a strong partnership, but in these last few years, the acceleration of closeness is quite remarkable. This is what my team and I are trying to contribute.

The artwork found from every corner of the world is much treasured by the Ambassador.從世界各地淘來(lái)的藝術(shù)品，是大使的心頭好。

N: Was there a special reason that initiated the project?

D:Switzerland itself had a fast development of industrialization after the 2nd world war. The violation of the environment led to a problematic situation itself. In order to balance society and former development, we developed skills, expertise and knowledge so as to enable further development in tune with nature.

We sensed that China's extraordinary economic and social development also created environmental problems, which will, however, affect the whole world considering its huge size. Quite naturally, the Swiss are interested in developing cooperation on handing over their expertise. In 2010, we started working on climate change issues with Chinese partners. It was a pleasure for me to see that the governmental approach toward pollution has become a force for good and radical change. We are finding more and more good partners who are interested in working with us. We have developed 10 Chinese cities in our project and we've already signed the agreement with five of them. I look forward to continuing on this project.

N: Apart from its beautiful scenery, Switzerland is also famous for its world-leading watchmaking industry. How does Switzerland maintain its place and is there a spiritual reason behind it?

D:Watchmaking is a central part of Switzerland. The industry was developed in Switzerland in the1500s. This craftsmanship has been developed by passing on from generation to generation. But this happened all throughout Europe. What is spec ific to Switzerland and what made its work timeless is its attitude towards work, the skills, professionalism, and the spirit to reach a more advanced level of perfection.

As the watchmaking industry spread around the world, the re finement on precision taken to build a masterpiece enabled us to have more masters than other places of the world. Watchmaking did not originate in Switzerland, but we came to become specialists through professionalism. And we are always trying to find niche and high-end markets in the world. We are not known for cheap watches, as our labour cost is expensive.

N: What's your advice to Chinese watchmakers and manufacturers in terms of innovative spirit?

D:It's very dif ficult to provide one recipe for innovation. I've asked myself a few times: what makes Switzerland so innovative? What makes us rank at the top for innovation for many years? I came to the conclusion that it had a lot to do with an individual's freedom of thoughts, applied to an economy, which is always looking to go to the next stage in the world competition.

To be innovative, you need a sense of competition, a sense of adventure, a sense that you have to go on working to make life better for the others and yourself through what you bring to the world. To do that you need a freedom of thoughts which must be enhanced by a framework that allows you to do this. For instance, Switzerland has a framework that allows each individual, startup, small or big companies to do their own research. China has an extraordinary human resource - that's not a reference to the number of people - but their ability to work hard and face dif ficulties… I don't doubt that with the development of your society, education and economy, China will become more and more innovative. And you will bring up with your own answers as to how to be innovative.

Meanwhile, you also have to do away with protectionism, and be open to competition. This will bring you to force yourself to redo, rethink and go innovative. Without this pressure, you might rest on your laurels without even realizing it. You might fine tune, but not change your standpoint. We're not inspired by ourselves alone, we are innovative by bringing in foreign minds, different thoughts, new ideas and solutions. This openness is a certain way to go and China has been going this way. I suppose it will go further this way and become an innovative power.

N: Freedom of thoughts is based on education. Switzerland is famous for its higher education all over the world. Can you tell us more about it?

D:Yes. The base of all is education. The base of everything is the brain. But education has to correspond to your personality and your talents. There are two sides of our education: higher education and vocational training. We are blessed with an excellent higher education. Only 30% of our students go to universities, but almost all our universities are among 500 best universities in the world.

The main element that characterizes our higher education is pragmatism, its link to the real world beyond studies. We have a lot of applied studies, to make the knowledge useful.

關(guān)于創(chuàng)新，中國(guó)會(huì)給出自己的答案

N: 您來(lái)中國(guó)履職時(shí)的感受如何？

D:其實(shí)，30年前我就來(lái)過(guò)中國(guó)了。2014年2月就任大使時(shí)，當(dāng)我跟太太走下飛機(jī)，撲面而來(lái)的是濃濃的霧霾，原來(lái)當(dāng)時(shí)正是北京污染最糟糕的階段，50米之外都看不清楚。所幸我是天性樂(lè)觀(guān)的人，幾年來(lái)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)北京的天空越來(lái)越晴朗了，我也懷著很大樂(lè)趣去發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)，熱情地投入工作。

N: 是不是這番經(jīng)歷促使您更加致力于推動(dòng)“中瑞綠色低碳城市計(jì)劃”？

D:確切地說(shuō)，這是使館的重要工作之一。我上任時(shí)正逢中瑞雙邊關(guān)系快速發(fā)展和不斷加強(qiáng)，中瑞于1950年建交，已經(jīng)是66年的老朋友。在中國(guó)加快國(guó)際化的進(jìn)程中，瑞士在許多層面得以成為創(chuàng)新關(guān)系引導(dǎo)者。在現(xiàn)有強(qiáng)有力的合作基礎(chǔ)上，近幾年雙邊關(guān)系進(jìn)展愈發(fā)快速、愈發(fā)深化。這使得我們有機(jī)會(huì)推動(dòng)這樣的計(jì)劃。

N: 您能談?wù)劇爸腥鹁G色低碳城市計(jì)劃”的緣起嗎？

D:瑞士在二戰(zhàn)后發(fā)展迅速，快速工業(yè)化導(dǎo)致了一些環(huán)境問(wèn)題。瑞士開(kāi)始注意自然和發(fā)展的平衡關(guān)系，也掌握了一些應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題的技術(shù)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)的高速發(fā)展也同樣帶來(lái)環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題，同時(shí)因?yàn)橹袊?guó)幅員遼闊，中國(guó)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題會(huì)影響整個(gè)世界。從2010年起，瑞士開(kāi)始與中國(guó)伙伴在環(huán)保和污染治理方面交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)，中國(guó)政府的積極態(tài)度也幫助我們?cè)谥袊?guó)各地找到感興趣的伙伴。目前我們已經(jīng)跟五個(gè)城市（成都、廣州、煙臺(tái)、重慶、上海）簽署了低碳城市合作項(xiàng)目，計(jì)劃中共有十個(gè)。我希望未來(lái)可以開(kāi)展更多的合作。

急性心肌梗死在臨床上較為常見(jiàn)，指的是冠狀動(dòng)脈急性、持續(xù)性缺血缺氧造成的心肌壞死，癥狀為胸骨后疼痛。該病具有較高的發(fā)病率，其危險(xiǎn)因素包括有抽煙酗酒、過(guò)度勞累、暴飲暴食、寒冷刺激以及情緒激動(dòng)等，還有心肌內(nèi)耗氧量的增加、冠狀動(dòng)脈痙攣等[1] 。需要及時(shí)進(jìn)行有效的治療，挽救患者的生命安全。本次主要采用氯吡格雷聯(lián)合阿司匹林對(duì)我院診斷為急性心肌梗死的70例患者進(jìn)行治療，以下是詳細(xì)報(bào)告。

N: 對(duì)中國(guó)民眾而言，說(shuō)到瑞士，除了美麗的自然環(huán)境，很容易想到鐘表產(chǎn)業(yè)。請(qǐng)問(wèn)瑞士鐘表業(yè)如何維持領(lǐng)先的國(guó)際地位，這里面有什么樣的精神實(shí)質(zhì)？

D:瑞士不僅因?yàn)轱L(fēng)景和鐘表聞名，但鐘表確實(shí)是瑞士的核心產(chǎn)業(yè)。鐘表業(yè)早在16世紀(jì)就在瑞士形成，并把工匠精神一代一代傳承下來(lái)。制表業(yè)最早起源在法國(guó)、意大利和英國(guó)，但瑞士秉承著一種專(zhuān)業(yè)精神和不斷追求完美的精神，使之蜚聲世界。同時(shí)我們關(guān)注的是高端市場(chǎng)，因?yàn)槿鹗康娜斯し浅ＹF。

N: 關(guān)于創(chuàng)新，您對(duì)于中國(guó)有什么建議？

D:我很難給出一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的答案。我一直問(wèn)我自己為什么瑞士的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)這么強(qiáng)，為什么瑞士可以在多項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新指數(shù)中都名列前茅。我覺(jué)得這主要是因?yàn)樗枷氲淖杂?。我們有?jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)，為自己和他人提供更好產(chǎn)品的意識(shí)，以及保障自由創(chuàng)意的機(jī)制。不僅是政府，大學(xué)研究機(jī)構(gòu)，個(gè)人、私營(yíng)，初創(chuàng)、中小型企業(yè)等，都會(huì)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品研發(fā)。中國(guó)人吃苦耐勞，我毫不懷疑，隨著中國(guó)教育和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，創(chuàng)新能力會(huì)不斷提高。關(guān)于創(chuàng)新，未來(lái)中國(guó)會(huì)給出自己的答案。

創(chuàng)新精神同時(shí)也需要對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)持開(kāi)放的態(tài)度，而不是保護(hù)主義。否則依賴(lài)過(guò)去，不會(huì)真正實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新。瑞士對(duì)于外國(guó)人才和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的開(kāi)放態(tài)度是成功要素。中國(guó)在這方面也越來(lái)越好。相信中國(guó)未來(lái)肯定會(huì)成為一個(gè)創(chuàng)新大國(guó)。

N: 創(chuàng)新精神與教育密不可分。瑞士高等教育水平世界聞名，能跟我們談?wù)勥@方面嗎？

D:教育是一切的根本。教育要與個(gè)性和才華相結(jié)合。瑞士的高等教育的確世界聞名。我想說(shuō)的是兩方面：高等教育和職業(yè)教育。瑞士的大學(xué)數(shù)量并不多，只有30%的學(xué)生能進(jìn)入大學(xué)，但幾乎所有大學(xué)都是世界前500強(qiáng)。我們的高等教育秉承著務(wù)實(shí)精神，使學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)際社會(huì)緊密結(jié)合，我們有很多實(shí)踐應(yīng)用科學(xué)類(lèi)的內(nèi)容，為學(xué)生走向社會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。另一方面，職業(yè)教育保證了社會(huì)平衡。學(xué)生壓力會(huì)小一些，但帶來(lái)的滿(mǎn)足感很高。瑞士的職業(yè)教育與實(shí)習(xí)和學(xué)徒機(jī)制結(jié)合，使學(xué)生在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)有用的技能。

NUMBER OF CHINESE STUDENTS STUDYING IN SWITZERLAND

中國(guó)赴瑞大學(xué)留學(xué)人數(shù)

2014

1427（1209 at Universities, 218 at Universities of Applied Sciences）

2015

1561（1320 at Universities, 241 at Universities of Applied Sciences）

NUMBER OF CHINESE TOURISTS VISITING SWITZERLAND (OVERNIGHT STAYS)

中國(guó)赴瑞士旅游人數(shù)（夜次）

2014

1,142,438

2015

1,519,100

Ambassador de Dardel talks to Nihao.大使接受本刊采訪(fǎng)。

About CCTV OUTLOOK & Dialog with the Ambassadors

CCTV OUTLOOK is jointly established by China Southern Air Media Co Ltd and China Central Newsreels Corporation. The Channel uses partnerships between different sectors to explore new operational models of TV media in China, and reforge itself as China's only broadcasting platform for airlines, land connections, and the Internet.

OUTLOOK released theDialog with the Ambassadorsin 2016. Featured businesses of interviewed countries, representatives from various sectors, and face-to-face dialogs with Ambassadors in the People's Republic of China from countries associated with the One Belt, One Road economic zone and countries within the scope of in fluence were combined to promote international exchange and integration and enhance comprehensive partnerships in cultural and business tours in various countries and regions. This event marks an important beginning of this project.

關(guān)于CCTV發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅 &“與大使對(duì)話(huà)”活動(dòng)

CCTV發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅頻道由中國(guó)南航集團(tuán)文化傳媒股份有限公司與中央電視臺(tái)新影集團(tuán)共同打造。頻道通過(guò)跨行業(yè)合作的方式，探索中國(guó)電視媒體運(yùn)營(yíng)的新模式，將自身打造成為國(guó)內(nèi)唯一的“空、地、網(wǎng)”傳播平臺(tái)。

2016年，發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅頻道推出“與大使對(duì)話(huà)”大型項(xiàng)目，結(jié)合被訪(fǎng)問(wèn)國(guó)家的產(chǎn)業(yè)特點(diǎn)，邀請(qǐng)各行業(yè)代表同“一帶一路”經(jīng)濟(jì)帶上及輻射國(guó)家的駐華使節(jié)進(jìn)行面對(duì)面的溝通，促進(jìn)國(guó)際間交流與融合，推進(jìn)各國(guó)與各地方文化商旅的全面合作，而本次活動(dòng)就是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的重要開(kāi)端。