陳艷霞,房向東,黃翀,秦曉華,鄒宏昌,徐承云,徐高四,涂衛(wèi)平
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全反式維甲酸對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的影響
陳艷霞,房向東,黃翀,秦曉華,鄒宏昌,徐承云,徐高四,涂衛(wèi)平△
摘要:目的探討全反式維甲酸(ATRA)對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)人HK-2細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的影響,以期延緩糖尿病腎?。―N)。方法體外培養(yǎng)HK-2細(xì)胞,隨機(jī)分為6組:空白組(未加任何刺激物)、高糖組(加D-葡萄糖30mmol/L)、高滲組(加入甘露醇24.5mmol/L)、低濃度ATRA組(加入ATRA 1×10-7mol/L+D-葡萄糖30mmol/L)、中濃度ATRA組(加入ATRA 1×10-6mol/L+D-葡萄糖30mmol/L)、高濃度ATRA組(加入ATRA 1×10-5mol/L+D-葡萄糖30mmol/L)。各組細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)48h。MTT法檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞增殖情況,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞凋亡情況。結(jié)果空白組與高滲組細(xì)胞光密度(OD)值和凋亡率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。高糖組較空白組、高滲組細(xì)胞增殖減少,凋亡率增加;低濃度、中濃度、高濃度ATRA組細(xì)胞增殖均較高糖組增加,且低、中及高濃度ATRA組依次增加,凋亡率較高糖組減少,且低、中及高濃度ATRA組依次減少(均P<0.05)。結(jié)論ATRA可促進(jìn)高糖誘導(dǎo)的HK-2細(xì)胞增殖,抑制其凋亡,并與ATRA濃度可能具有一定的依賴性。
關(guān)鍵詞:細(xì)胞增殖;細(xì)胞凋亡;體外研究;全反式維甲酸;腎小管上皮細(xì)胞
糖尿病腎?。╠iabetic nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病的常見并發(fā)癥,1型糖尿病中DN的患病率約為33%~40%,2型糖尿病中DN具有漸進(jìn)性進(jìn)展及不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的特點(diǎn)[1]。DN的發(fā)病機(jī)制復(fù)雜,防治困難,因此,從DN的發(fā)病機(jī)制著手尋找有效的防治方法一直是研究熱點(diǎn)[2]。全反式維甲酸(ATRA)是體內(nèi)天然維生素A的衍生物[3],具有抗氧化、調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞分化和抗凋亡等多種生物學(xué)功能[4]。本研究旨在探討ATRA對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)人HK-2細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的影響,以期為延緩DN進(jìn)展提供參考。
1.1主要試劑與儀器HK-2細(xì)胞株(ATCC細(xì)胞庫);ATRA、Y27632、D-葡萄糖、甘露醇(美國Sigma公司);DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基(美國Hyclone公司);胎牛血清(美國Gibco公司);MTT溶液(南京森貝伽生物公司);流式細(xì)胞儀(美國Beck?man公司),酶標(biāo)儀(美國Thermo公司)。
1.2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及分組HK-2細(xì)胞傳代培養(yǎng)于6孔培養(yǎng)板中,培養(yǎng)生長至80%~90%整合后,各孔按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法進(jìn)行分組:空白組(未加任何刺激物)、高糖組(加入D-葡萄糖30mmol/L)、高滲組(加入甘露醇24.5mmol/L)、低濃度ATRA組(ATRA 1×10-7mol/L+D-葡萄糖30mmol/L)、中濃度ATRA組(ATRA 1×10-6mol/L+D-葡萄糖30mmol/L)、高濃度ATRA組(ATRA 1×10-5mol/L+D-葡萄糖30mmol/L),各組細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)48h。收集對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞,調(diào)整細(xì)胞懸液濃度,酶聯(lián)免疫檢測(cè)儀490 nm處測(cè)量各孔的光密度(OD)值。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.3流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡采用不含EDTA的胰酶消化收集培養(yǎng)48h后的各組細(xì)胞。1h內(nèi)流式細(xì)胞儀上測(cè)各組細(xì)胞的早期凋亡率。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理數(shù)據(jù)。符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,多組間均數(shù)比較用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較用LSD-t法。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為α=0.05。
2.1各組細(xì)胞增殖情況比較空白組與高滲組細(xì)胞OD值差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。高糖組較空白組、高滲組細(xì)胞OD值減?。坏蜐舛?、中濃度、高濃度ATRA組OD值均較高糖組增加且低、中及高濃度ATRA組依次增加(均P<0.05),見表1。
Tab.1 Comparison of proliferation and apoptosis between six groups表1 各組細(xì)胞增殖與早期凋亡率結(jié)果比較(n=3,±s)
Tab.1 Comparison of proliferation and apoptosis between six groups表1 各組細(xì)胞增殖與早期凋亡率結(jié)果比較(n=3,±s)
**P<0.01;a與空白組比較,b與高糖組比較,c與低濃度ATRA組比較,d與中濃度ATRA組比較,均P<0.05
組別空白組高糖組高滲組低濃度ATRA組中濃度ATRA組高濃度ATRA組F OD值0.379±0.009 0.264±0.007a0.380±0.008b0.292±0.006ab0.327±0.005abc0.352±0.006abcd127.365**凋亡率(%) 0.977±0.009 7.746±0.183a0.983±0.007b4.960±0.111ab3.736±0.073abc2.873±0.080abcd2 670.747**
2.2各組細(xì)胞凋亡情況的比較空白組與高滲組細(xì)胞凋亡率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;高糖組凋亡率較空白組、高滲組明顯增加;低、中、高濃度ATRA組較高糖組減少,且隨著ATRA濃度升高凋亡率降低(均P<0.05),見表1、圖1。
Fig.1 Cell apoptosis in six groups圖1 各組細(xì)胞早期凋亡的情況
DN是導(dǎo)致終末期腎臟病的關(guān)鍵因素,世界新增的血液透析患者中35%~40%是由DN進(jìn)展而來[5]。腎小球硬化損傷是DN的一個(gè)初始事件,腎臟細(xì)胞凋亡可促進(jìn)DN的進(jìn)展。早期2型DN患者腎臟凋亡較正常人腎臟高約3~6倍,DN患者腎小球、腎小管及血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的凋亡隨著DN進(jìn)展廣泛增加[6]。ATRA是體內(nèi)重要的生物活性物質(zhì),具有調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的作用。一些研究報(bào)道,ATRA可以在某些腎臟疾病中起保護(hù)作用[7-8],但其具體作用機(jī)制尚不清楚。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ATRA對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞具有抑制增殖及促進(jìn)凋亡的作用[9]。目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ATRA可誘導(dǎo)堿性成纖維細(xì)胞生長因子的產(chǎn)生,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞的增殖及分化[10]。ATRA可以誘導(dǎo)多種類型細(xì)胞凋亡,尤其是癌細(xì)胞,其作用機(jī)制可能與ATRA調(diào)節(jié)多種凋亡相關(guān)基因表達(dá)或信號(hào)通路有關(guān)[4]。ATRA參與細(xì)胞凋亡過程具有細(xì)胞特異性,可誘導(dǎo)某些受損細(xì)胞的凋亡,而對(duì)其他細(xì)胞提供保護(hù)抗凋亡信號(hào)[5- 6]。但ATRA對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)HK-2細(xì)胞凋亡影響的報(bào)道甚少。
因此,本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了不同濃度ATRA對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)HK-2細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的影響。本研究結(jié)果顯示,空白組與高滲組細(xì)胞增殖比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示在體外培養(yǎng)的HK-2細(xì)胞,高糖造成的高滲環(huán)境不影響HK-2細(xì)胞的增殖;高糖組較空白組、高滲組細(xì)胞增殖減少,表明高糖能抑制HK-2細(xì)胞的增殖,與本研究前期研究結(jié)果一致[11]。另外,低濃度、中濃度、高濃度ATRA組細(xì)胞增殖均較高糖組增加,表明予以高糖培養(yǎng)的HK-2細(xì)胞加入ATRA進(jìn)行干預(yù)后,HK-2細(xì)胞增殖受抑制的作用減弱,提示ATRA可能通過某種作用機(jī)制逆轉(zhuǎn)高糖誘導(dǎo)的HK-2細(xì)胞的增殖。本研究顯示,低、中、高濃度ATRA組凋亡率較高糖組減少,低、中及高濃度ATRA組依次減少,表明高糖可誘導(dǎo)HK-2細(xì)胞凋亡,而予以ATRA進(jìn)行干預(yù)后,HK-2細(xì)胞的早期凋亡減少,且呈現(xiàn)出實(shí)驗(yàn)范圍內(nèi)的濃度依賴性,提示ATRA對(duì)DN患者腎臟具有保護(hù)作用,但其具體機(jī)制尚不明確。高糖作用HK-2細(xì)胞后可激活多種信號(hào)通路,筆者推測(cè),ATRA可能通過某種信號(hào)通路調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖與凋亡的作用。另外本研究采用的ATRA濃度為1×(10-7~10-5)mmol/L,低、中及高濃度ATRA組細(xì)胞增殖依次增加,而凋亡率依次減少,表明ATRA對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)的HK-2細(xì)胞增殖作用與ATRA濃度可能具有相關(guān)性,且具有雙向調(diào)節(jié)的作用。但本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的ATRA濃度有限,其濃度依賴性及最佳作用濃度還有待進(jìn)一步研究。后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)將進(jìn)一步探討ATRA對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)HK-2細(xì)胞過程中凋亡相關(guān)基因表達(dá)及信號(hào)通路的影響,探討ATRA對(duì)高糖誘導(dǎo)HK-2細(xì)胞增殖及凋亡的可能作用機(jī)制。
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(2015-05-28收稿2015-07-22修回)
(本文編輯陸榮展)
實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
Effects of ATRA onhigh glucose-induced proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells
CHEN Yanxia, FANG Xiangdong,hUANG Chong, QIN Xiaohua, ZOUhongchang, XU Chengyun, XU Gaosi, TU Weiping△
Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliatedhospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
△Corresponding Author E-mail:891289589@qq.com
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) onhigh glucose-induced proliferation and apoptosis inhumanhK-2 cells,and to provide a reference for slowing down the progress of diabetic nephropathy (DN).MethodshK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and were divided into six groups: blank group (without stimulants),high glu?cose group (D-glucose 30mmol/L),high permeability group (mannitol 24.5mmol/L) and low concentration of ATRA group (ATRA 30mmol/L 1×10- 7mol/L+D-glucose 30mmol/L),middle concentration of ATRA group (ATRA 30mmol/L 1×10- 6mol/L +D-glucose 30mmol/L) andhigh concentration of ATRA group (ATRA 1×10-5mol/L+D-glucose 30mmol/L).Cells of six groups were cultured for 48hours.MTT assay was used for detection of cell proliferation.Flow cytometry was used for de?tection of cell apoptosis.Results There were no significant differences in OD value and apoptotic rate between the blank group and thehigh permeability group.The cell proliferation was decreased inhigh glucose group than that of blank group andhigh permeability group,but the apoptotic rate was increased.The cell proliferation was significantlyhigher in low con?centration,medium concentration andhigh concentration of ATRA groups than that ofhigh glucose group, and the apoptotic rate was lower than that ofhigh glucose group, and the changes were in a concentration dependentmanner (P<0.05).Con?clusion ATRA can promote the proliferation ofhK-2 cells induced byhigh glucose, and inhibit the apoptosis, and whichhas a certain relevance with the concentration of ATRA.
Key words:cell proliferation; cell apoptosis;in vitro;all-trans retinoic acid; renal tubular epithelial cells
通訊作者△E-mail:891289589@qq.com
作者簡(jiǎn)介:陳艷霞(1988),女,碩士,主要從事延緩慢性腎臟病進(jìn)展的研究
基金項(xiàng)目:江西省衛(wèi)生廳科技項(xiàng)目(20151BBG70173)
中圖分類號(hào):R692
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
DOI:10.11985/58997
作者單位:南昌大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科(郵編330006)