·On the Paradigm of Outlook in Zhengyu Sun’s Academic Research　

REN Ping

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Abstracts and Key Words

·On the Paradigm of Outlook in Zhengyu Sun’s Academic Research

REN Ping

Abstract:Professor Sun Zhengyu has been a researcher in philosophy for 40 years. His thought is wandering among the paradigm of“textbook reform”and the paradigm of“principle research and innovation”as post -textbook mode, which melt lecture philosophy and forum philosophy into one furnace and thus broke the rigid teaching mode of discourse of Soviet philosophy textbook. His thought extends towards history, reality and the realm of dialogue. It tries to interpret philosophical thinking by taking multi -dimensions into the one, and many of Sun’s ideas occupies the leading position in contemporary China’s reform and innovation for the last 30 years ago. Because of the outstanding achievements of his research, Sun has become the main representative of the contemporary China in the paradigm of“principle research and system innovation”. However, limited to a single paradigm, it is inevitably limited by the paradigm itself. There exists a tendency which needs further critique and doubt in Professor Sun Zhengyu’s philosophical outlook of prerequisite critique theory. The tendency is to defend a pure logic thinking method and to construct the logic of non-intuitional philosophical activity. The tendency originates from logicism tendency which separates intuition from logic. The result of the tendency is that the logic which the theory tends to construct is normative logic rather than creative logic. There are three kinds of Chinese translations of the word unbewu覻t by central compilation and translation bureau in Dialektik der Natur (Dialectics of Nature): unconscious, instinctive and no transferring with consciousness. If we take the third translation, we will think of that science has already solved the philosophical questions and the solution is the end of philosophy. If we take the first translation, we will think of that science and philosophy are two kinds of dimensions of thought. Different translations give readers different understandings; readers will think out of different philosophical questions. It is the true meaning of the research on its Chinese translation and the study of the philosophical questions from the word unbewu覻t. There are three important questions waiting to be answered in understanding“the prerequisite critique of thoughts”: firstly, the question of the relation between“the prerequisite critique of thoughts”and the multiple understanding of philosophy; secondly, the question of the relation between “the prerequisite critique of thoughts”and the theoretical innovation of philosophy; thirdly, the question of the relation between“the prerequisite critique of thoughts”and the explanation for prerequisite itself. The essence of these three questions lies in whether“the prerequisite critique of thoughts”is able to represent the working mode of philosophy. From 1918 onwards, Husserl had been planning to publish a“Systemwerk”or “Grundwerk”for which he had prepared, intermittently, for some 20 years until 1938 when he died. Albeit he failed to submit such a work for publication, he has, so to speak, accomplished the overall ideas insofar as the two outlines published here as appendixes are concerned. Those works that had been published, remained to be published or waiting to be published during this period are de facto the periodical fruits of the systematic work, such as, Formal and Transcendental Logic, Lectures on the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time, Cartesian Meditations, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. They represent in respective fashion the system of structure, methodology and history of Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy. Wang Yangming developed and transformed Zen’s mind philosophy of clear mind to see nature. On the premise that the mind is void with neither goodness nor evil and its active role is to know the good as good, he set up the extension of“l(fā)iangzhi”（innate knowledge）. The theory of“l(fā)iangzhi”highlights the creativity and individuality of the mind and redefines the meaning of mind（xin）, nature （xing）, things（wu）, principle（li）, knowledge and action, etiquette, etc. The world Wang Xiangming depicts is different from Zen and Cheng-Zhu’s neo-Confucianism. On this basis, he also proposed the method of praxis by integrating gradual enlightenment with instant enlightenment. Furthermore, he also pointed out the way to be sage for everyone in order to guide people to establish a detached and noble spiritual home. Kant subdivides aesthetical objects into natural beauty, artistic beauty and moral beauty, while Hegel only admits artistic beauty. Kant also makes the distinction between the beautiful and the sublime, which is ignored almost by Hegel. On these two aspects, Hegel is partial and slow in thought. This paper points out that the sublime, as the substantive characteristics of moral beauty, is the wellknown saying of Confucius, i.e.,“to do whatever one desires without overstepping the bounds”. This saying parallels to“free autonomy”by Kant. Hegel defines“beauty”as“sensible appearance of ideas”, and he emphasizes the unity of sensibility and reason. Kant ignores to some extent the aesthetical characteristics of sensible intuition, which makes his aesthetics partial. The problem of mental causation is an important issue in contemporary philosophy of mind. Kim argues according to the causal exclusion argument that the mental causation of non -reductive materialism is threatened by preemption, namely that causal validity will be excluded by physical validity in the end. Ned Block claims that because it is an open question whether there is or is not a bottom level, something is wrong with Kim’s causal exclusion argument. Besides, Kim owes us a reason for supporting“over-determination”, and the“l(fā)evel”in his argument also has ambiguity. Kim uses the fragmentation strategy to shore up the exclusion principle, but the fragmentation strategy also needs to be justified. As a result, it is concluded that his criticism towards non -reductive materialism is not established. Engineering rationality makes value achieving as its target, researches whether engineering is reasonable. The specific research method is to reveal engineering rationality by comparing the expected value and the implementation value. As engineering involves human actions, artifacts and nature, so engineering rationality includes integration of purposefulness, integration of rule, integration of law. Comprehensive survey on the three dimensions can fully demonstrate the overall look of engineering rationality for us. Wang Xinggong is not only a famous modern educator in China, but also a famous chemist and philosopher. Many ideas of his philosophy of science and scientific methodology originate from the critical school of thought, especially from Mach, Poincaré, and Pearson. By careful comparing and analysing, this paper first reavelsthe ideological relationship between Wang Xinggong and the critical school of thought. Popper had proposed a view of the universe that besides the physical world I and the psychological world II, there also exists the world III that consists of the system of scientific theory and the content of thought, and the form of art. The library -experiment and the logarithmic case, the argument of causal effect analogy altogether warrant the characteristic of“world III”, which is objectivity, reality, autonomy, and evolutionary generating. From this point of view. I find that“world III”and the world of artifacts contain the same members, but both are created by human spirits. At this point, there is a great difference between Popper’s theory of“world III”and Plato-Frege’s“third realm”. On this basis of comparative study, I will elaborate in detail three problems of Popper’s theory of“world III”: unclarity of conceptual analysis, insufficiency of transcendental argument, and the failure of regulative balancing-scheme.

Key words:academic; research; paradigm of outlook philosophical outlook of the prerequisite critique theory; Sun Zhengyu; philosophical activity; logic; intuition multiple understanding; prerequisite critique; theory of space later Husserl; phinomenological philosophy; systematec work the beautiful; the sublime; intuition; Kant; Hegel action; rationality; experimental philosophy engineering rationality; value; integration of purposefulness; integration of rule; integration of law Wang Xinggong; the Critical School of Thought; Mach; Poincaré; Pearson world III; world of artifacts; third realm; objects of unembodied world III
·The Logicism Tendency of Prerequisite Critique Theory’s Philosophical Outlook and ItsTheoretical Difficulty
GAO Yunyong

Key words: Dialectics of Nature; unbewu覻t; unconscious; no transferring with consciousness; critique of the premises of theoretical thinking

·The Prerequisite Critique of Thoughts and the Working Mode of Philosophy

SUN Zhengyu

Key words: Wang Yangming; zen; Cheng-Zhu enlightenment; innate knowledge

·Natural Beauty, Artistic Beauty from Views of the Beautiful and the Sublime

CHEN Xiaoping

·The Ideological Relationship Between Wang Xinggong and the Critical School of Thought

LI Xingmin

·A Critical Study of Popper’s Theory of“World III”

LIU Zhen