冉永剛,游顏杰,李海軍
[作者單位] 050081 石家莊,白求恩醫(yī)務(wù)士官學(xué)校(冉永剛),462000 河南 漯河,漯河市醫(yī)學(xué)高等??茖W(xué)校藥學(xué)系(游顏杰),641000 四川 內(nèi)江,內(nèi)江市第二人民醫(yī)院放療科(李海軍)
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紫花牡荊素干預(yù)食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機(jī)制
冉永剛,游顏杰,李海軍
[作者單位]050081 石家莊,白求恩醫(yī)務(wù)士官學(xué)校(冉永剛),462000 河南 漯河,漯河市醫(yī)學(xué)高等??茖W(xué)校藥學(xué)系(游顏杰),641000 四川 內(nèi)江,內(nèi)江市第二人民醫(yī)院放療科(李海軍)
[摘要]目的研究紫花牡荊素對人食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌(食管鱗癌)細(xì)胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)移能力的抑制效應(yīng)并探討其分子機(jī)制。方法人食管鱗癌細(xì)胞株EC9706與EC109細(xì)胞經(jīng)紫花牡荊素處理后,以MTT比色法測定細(xì)胞增殖能力,侵襲與遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移能力,Western blot檢測轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)變化。結(jié)果不同濃度紫花牡荊素處理可顯著抑制EC9706與EC109細(xì)胞的增殖、侵襲與遷移能力,同未加藥組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);紫花牡荊素處理下調(diào)兔抗人血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase2,MMP2)與基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase9,MMP9)表達(dá)水平,上調(diào)上皮細(xì)胞鈣黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、周期素依賴性激酶10(cyclin-dependent kinase 10, CDK10)與兔抗人受體O型蛋白質(zhì)酪氨酸磷酸酶(protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O, PTPRO)表達(dá)。結(jié)論紫花牡荊素對食管鱗癌細(xì)胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)移能力有明顯的抑制作用,下調(diào)VEGF、MMP2與MMP9表達(dá),上調(diào)E-cadherin、CDK10與PTPRO可能是其抑制轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機(jī)制。
[關(guān)鍵詞]紫花牡荊素;食管腫瘤;細(xì)胞增殖;腫瘤侵潤
我國是世界食管癌高發(fā)國家之一,以鱗狀上皮細(xì)胞癌(簡稱食管鱗癌)為主,其發(fā)病率和死亡率逐年上升[1]。研究表明遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移是導(dǎo)致食管鱗癌治療失敗和患者死亡的主要原因之一。紫花牡荊素是從植物蔓荊中提取的具有廣泛藥理活性的多甲基黃酮化合物,是蔓荊子的主要活性成分,具有抗炎與抗腫瘤等廣泛的藥理活性[2-3]。本文旨在分析紫花牡荊素對食管鱗癌細(xì)胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)移能力的影響并研究其分子機(jī)制,以期為新型抗腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移藥物的開發(fā)提供線索。
1材料與方法
1.1主要試劑紫花牡荊素(純度為99%,以二甲基亞砜溶解,批號GS110,購自成都普瑞法科技開發(fā)公司);DMEM培養(yǎng)基(31600034)與胎牛血清(10099141)購自Gibco公司;Transwell培養(yǎng)小室購自Corning公司(44200);兔抗人血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)(BA0472)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶MMP2(BA0569)、MMP9(BA0573)、上皮細(xì)胞鈣黏蛋白(E-cadherin)(BA0475)多克隆抗體均購自武漢博士德公司;兔抗人受體O型蛋白質(zhì)酪氨酸磷酸酶(protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O, PTPRO)(ab114815)與周期素依賴性激酶10(cyclin-dependent kinase 10, CDK10)(ab181752)多克隆抗體購自Abcam公司;HRP標(biāo)記的羊抗兔IgG購自北京中杉金橋公司(ZB2307);其他常規(guī)化學(xué)試劑均為進(jìn)口或國產(chǎn)分析純。
1.2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)人食管鱗癌細(xì)胞株EC9706與EC109由汕頭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供,置于含10%胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM培養(yǎng)液,于37℃、5% CO2條件下常規(guī)培養(yǎng),定時換液、傳代。
1.3MTT比色法檢測細(xì)胞增殖能力細(xì)胞以5×103/孔接種于96孔板中,設(shè)4個復(fù)孔,培養(yǎng)24 h;更換含有不同濃度(0、1、2、4、8、16 μmol/L)紫花牡荊素的培養(yǎng)液(倍比稀釋配制)繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)72 h,加入20 μl MTT(5 mg/ml)作用4 h;棄去培養(yǎng)液加入150 μl DMSO,振蕩10 min,測定490 nm吸光度值(A490)。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次取平均值。
1.4細(xì)胞侵襲與遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移能力侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn):細(xì)胞經(jīng)2 μmol/L紫花牡荊素處理24 h后,以無血清DMEM培養(yǎng)液調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為2×106/ml,于每個預(yù)先鋪有Matrigel的Transwell上室內(nèi)加入100 μl;將整個小室放入含10% FBS的DMEM培養(yǎng)液的24孔板內(nèi)培養(yǎng)24 h;取出上室以甲醇固定,結(jié)晶紫染色,擦掉位于上表面未穿膜細(xì)胞后封片,光鏡下計數(shù)5個200倍視野的細(xì)胞。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。細(xì)胞遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)除Transwell小室未鋪有Matrigel外,其余步驟與侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)相同。
1.5Western blot檢測轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)EC109細(xì)胞經(jīng)2 μmol/L紫花牡荊素處理24 h后,裂解細(xì)胞取50 μg總蛋白進(jìn)行十二烷基硫酸鈉-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE)后轉(zhuǎn)印至PVDF膜上,含5% BSA的TBST中4℃封閉過夜;分別加入適當(dāng)稀釋的MMP2、MMP9、E-cadherin、VEGF、CDK10或PTPRO抗體,37℃作用1 h;充分洗滌后加入1:1000稀釋的HRP標(biāo)記羊抗兔IgG,37℃作用30 min,以ECL Kit進(jìn)行化學(xué)發(fā)光反應(yīng),膠片隨后進(jìn)行顯影、定影。應(yīng)用Bio-rad公司Quantity One軟件分析結(jié)果,并以β-actin以作為內(nèi)參半定量計算目的基因蛋白相對表達(dá)水平。
2結(jié)果
2.1紫花牡荊素抑制食管鱗癌細(xì)胞增殖EC109與EC9706細(xì)胞經(jīng)不同濃度紫花牡荊素處理72 h后,其增殖能力相對于未處理(0 μmol/L)對照組顯著降低,抑制效應(yīng)呈劑量依賴性(表1),各組間差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(F=45.31與71.21,P<0.05)。
表1 紫花牡荊素對食管鱗癌細(xì)胞增殖的抑制作用±s)
2.2紫花牡荊素減低腫瘤細(xì)胞侵襲能力EC109與EC9706細(xì)胞經(jīng)2 μmol/L紫花牡荊素處理后,侵襲細(xì)胞數(shù)量分別為(177.9±23.5)和(265.7±32.1),未處理組分別為(95.0±23.5)和(115.0±18.5),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(EC109組t=115.23,P<0.01;EC9706組t=65.73,P<0.05)。
2.3紫花牡荊素抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞遷移能力EC109與EC9706細(xì)胞經(jīng)2 μmol/L紫花牡荊素處理后,遷移細(xì)胞數(shù)量分別為(247.5±23.5)和(115.0±18.5),未處理組分別為(386.7±33.5)和(337.7±37.1),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(EC109組t=65.485,P<0.05;EC9706組t=65.73,P<0.05)。
2.4紫花牡荊素對轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)的影響EC109細(xì)胞經(jīng)2 μmol/L紫花牡荊素處理后,MMP2、MMP9與VEGF蛋白表達(dá)水平相對于對照組明顯減弱,而E-cadherin、PTPRO與CDK10蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯增強(qiáng)(圖1)。半定量分析進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了上述結(jié)果(MMP2與MMP9,P均<0.01;VEGF、E-cadherin、PTPRO與CDK10,P均<0.05)(表2)。
圖1 2 μmol/L紫花牡荊素對轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)的調(diào)節(jié)Western blot檢測
表2 2 μmol/L紫花牡荊素對轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)的調(diào)節(jié)半定量分析
3討論
紫花牡荊素是一種植物來源的多甲基黃酮化合物,存在于多種植物果實(shí)或葉子,如馬鞭草科植物蔓荊、香茶菜屬、馬鞭草科植物穗花牡荊等。紫花牡荊素可通過誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡抑制其惡性增殖[4-5]。本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)紫花牡荊素可以呈劑量依賴性抑制食管鱗癌細(xì)胞增殖。在此基礎(chǔ)上,為了避免高濃度藥物的細(xì)胞毒作用對后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的影響,本研究選擇較低藥物濃度(2 μmol/L),進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用侵襲、遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)以及Western blot方法檢測紫花牡荊素對食管鱗癌細(xì)胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)移能力的調(diào)節(jié)及相關(guān)分子的表達(dá)水平變化。
基底膜的降解既是腫瘤惡性轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)鍵步驟,同時又是腫瘤血管生成的重要環(huán)節(jié)?;|(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)是一組鋅離子依賴性內(nèi)肽酶,其主要成員MMP2和MMP9通過降解Ⅳ型膠原破壞基底膜,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[6]。最新研究表明,腫瘤細(xì)胞同樣存在VEGF受體并接受VEGF信號通路的調(diào)節(jié)。VEGF既通過旁分泌機(jī)制作用于周圍的血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,同時以自分泌方式作用于腫瘤細(xì)胞自身,阻斷VEGF信號通路可以從多方面抑制腫瘤生長與轉(zhuǎn)移[7-10]。E-cadherin介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞同質(zhì)黏附而維持細(xì)胞間正常連接和細(xì)胞極性,其表達(dá)減弱或缺失直接引起細(xì)胞間黏附性降低,導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)生侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移[11-14]。本研究結(jié)果提示,低濃度紫花牡荊素抑制食管鱗癌細(xì)胞與基質(zhì)的黏附能力以及逆轉(zhuǎn)癌細(xì)胞的惡性侵襲能力,可能是通過下調(diào)MMP2、MMP9和VEGF表達(dá),同時恢復(fù)E-cadherin表達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
本研究同時發(fā)現(xiàn),紫花牡荊素處理食管鱗癌細(xì)胞后可以顯著增強(qiáng)PTPRO與CDK10的蛋白表達(dá)水平。PTPRO是新發(fā)現(xiàn)的O型受體蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶,是在腫瘤發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮重要抑制性調(diào)節(jié)作用的磷酸化酶之一[15-17]。而作為一種特殊的周期素依賴激酶,過表達(dá)CDK10可逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的惡性轉(zhuǎn)移能力[18-20]。PTPRO與CDK10已被證實(shí)在多種腫瘤中表達(dá)下調(diào),是潛在的候選抑癌基因。應(yīng)用紫花牡荊素處理食管鱗癌細(xì)胞可導(dǎo)致PTPRO與CDK10表達(dá)上調(diào),進(jìn)一步闡明了紫花牡荊素作為抗腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移藥物的分子作用機(jī)制。
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(收稿時間:2015-09-20修回時間:2015-10-24)
·論著·
Molecular Mechanisms of Casticin in Intervention of Cancer Cell Metastasis in Esophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma
RAN Yong-gang1, YOU Yan-jie2, LI Hai-jun3(1. Department of Teaching and Training, Bethune Military Medical NCO School of PLA, Shijiazhuang 050081, China; 2. Department of Pharmacy, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan 462000, China; 3. Department of Radiotherapy, the Second People's Hospital of Neijiang City, Neijiang, Sichuan 641000, China)
[Abstract]ObjectiveTo investigate the depressive effect of Casticin on malignant metastasis of human esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and to analyze its molecular mechanisms. MethodsThe EC9706 and EC109 cells in ESCC cell line were treated with Casticin, and then the thiazolyl blue (MTT) colorimetry was used to detect cell abilities of proliferation, invasion and migration, and related protein expressions were detected using Western blot method. ResultsEC9706 and EC109 cells abilities of proliferation, invasion and migration were significantly inhibited after different concentrations of Casticin treatment, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those without Casticin treatment (P<0.05); after the Casticin treatment, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) were decreased, while the expressions of epithelium-cadherin (E-cadherin), cyclin dependent kinase10 (CDK10) and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) were increased. ConclusionCasticin may significantly inhibit malignant metastasis of ESCC cells, and down-regulation of VEGF, MMP2 and MMP9 expressions and up-regulation of E-cadherin, CDK10 and PTPRO expressions. Its may be the molecular mechanisms to inhibit its transfer.
[Key words]Casticin; Esophagus squamous cell carcinoma; Esophageal neoplasms; Cell proliferation; Neoplasm invasiveness
[DOI]10.3969/j.issn.2095-140X.2015.12.006
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼][中國圖書資料分類號]R735.1A
[文章編號]2095-140X(2015)12-0028-04