陳葆國,梅麗萍,鄭瑞,李伯利
肺癌患者外周血調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞的表達(dá)及其臨床意義
陳葆國,梅麗萍,鄭瑞,李伯利
目的 檢測肺癌患者外周血調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞(CD19+CD5+CD1d+B細(xì)胞,Bregs)的表達(dá)及其臨床意義。方法收集72例肺癌患者和29例健康體檢者的外周血,采用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測Bregs細(xì)胞數(shù)量,ELISA法檢測外周血清IL-10和TGF-β的水平。比較肺癌患者與健康對照,肺癌Ⅰ+Ⅱ期與Ⅲ+Ⅳ期患者Bregs細(xì)胞比例、外周血IL-10和TGF-β水平的差異;分析肺癌患者Bregs細(xì)胞比例與外周血IL-10和TGF-β水平的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 肺癌患者外周血Bregs細(xì)胞比例明顯高于健康對照 (5.01%±1.20% vs 2.78%±0.56%,P<0.01),Ⅲ+Ⅳ期患者高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期患者(5.63%±1.04% vs 4.13%±0.78%,P<0.01)。肺癌患者外周血清IL-10和TGF-β水平明顯高于健康對照(2.34±0.79pg/ml vs 1.29±0.51pg/ml,56.64±6.93ng/ ml vs 22.42±4.42ng/ml,P<0.01),Ⅲ+Ⅳ期患者高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期患者(2.79±0.60pg/ml vs 1.71±0.59pg/ml,59.88±6.63ng/ml vs 52.10±4.37ng/ml,P<0.01)。相關(guān)分析顯示,肺癌患者外周血Bregs細(xì)胞比例與IL-10水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.69,P<0. 01),而與TGF-β水平無明顯相關(guān)性。結(jié)論 肺癌患者外周血Bregs細(xì)胞比例及血清IL-10、TGF-β水平增高,提示Bregs細(xì)胞可能與肺癌的進(jìn)展相關(guān)。
肺腫瘤;B淋巴細(xì)胞,調(diào)節(jié)性;白細(xì)胞介素10;轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β
肺癌是我國常見的惡性腫瘤之一,臨床生存期短,目前發(fā)病機(jī)制仍不清楚。近年研究表明免疫系統(tǒng)功能失衡可導(dǎo)致肺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展[1-4]。最近有研究顯示調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞(regulatory B cells,Bregs)參與了機(jī)體的免疫耐受調(diào)節(jié),與腫瘤免疫逃逸密切相關(guān)[1]。Bregs有多種亞型[5],其中CD19+CD5+CD1d+亞型主要分泌抑制性細(xì)胞因子IL-10,其分泌的IL-10占B細(xì)胞來源IL-10的絕大部分,故CD19+CD5+CD1d+亞型又被稱為B10細(xì)胞。除主要分泌IL-10的Bregs以外,還有一類主要分泌TGF-β的Bregs,具有獨(dú)特的生物學(xué)功能。本研究通過檢測肺癌患者外周血CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞亞群的表達(dá)情況,探討其在肺癌患者免疫調(diào)節(jié)中的作用及臨床意義。
1.1 研究對象 收集2011年5月-2013年12月在浙江省臺州醫(yī)院呼吸科和胸外科住院的72例肺癌患者的臨床資料,其中男43例,女29例,年齡41~79(中位值64)歲。72例中鱗癌42例,腺癌19例,小細(xì)胞癌11例。根據(jù)2009年國際抗癌組織聯(lián)盟(UICC)的分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2],Ⅰ期12例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期20例,Ⅳ期22例。入選患者均為初治,經(jīng)細(xì)胞學(xué)或病理學(xué)證實(shí)為肺癌且不伴自身免疫性疾病,未經(jīng)化療及其他生物治療。29名健康志愿者作為對照組,性別、年齡均與肺癌組匹配。所有入組患者和對照者均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 主要儀器和試劑 CD19-Percp-Cy5.5、CD1d-PE、CD5-FITC、IgG2a-FITC、IgG1-PE單克隆抗體購自美國BD公司;IL-10、TGF-β ELISA試劑盒購自深圳晶美生物工程有限公司。固定液:1%多聚甲醛。流式細(xì)胞儀FACScantoⅡ購自美國BD公司。
1.3 標(biāo)本采集、處理及檢測 所有觀察對象均在清晨空腹采集不抗凝靜脈血3ml,分離血清,–20℃保存,同時(shí)采集EDTA抗凝靜脈血2ml。①取 Falcon 管2支,標(biāo)記A和B,A管加CD19-Percp-Cy5.5、IgG2a-FITC、IgG1-PE各10μl,加抗凝血60μl,B管加CD19-Percp-Cy5.5、CD1d-PE、CD5-FITC各10μl,加抗凝血60μl,震蕩混勻,20℃避光15min;②A、B管加紅細(xì)胞裂解液2ml,震蕩混勻,20℃避光15min;③取A、B管1000r/min離心6min,去上清,加PBS 2ml,再離心6min,去上清,加1%多聚甲醛0.5ml,采用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測。
1.4 外周血CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs和IL-10、TGF-β水平的檢測 CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs檢測:應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀DIVA分析軟件。在CD19/SSC散點(diǎn)圖上設(shè)CD19+細(xì)胞門,分析CD19+CD5+、CD19+CD5+CD1d+細(xì)胞亞群,結(jié)果以其占CD19+B淋巴細(xì)胞的百分比表示。IL-10、TGF-β水平的檢測:應(yīng)用ELISA法檢測血清IL-10、TGF-β水平,具體操作按試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 流式細(xì)胞儀所得數(shù)據(jù)采用DIVA軟件進(jìn)行分析。計(jì)量資料呈正態(tài)分布,以±s表示, 應(yīng)用SPSS 18.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,組間比較采用單因素方差分析。相關(guān)性采用直線相關(guān)分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 肺癌患者的臨床病理特征 72例肺癌患者中,≥60歲38例,<60歲34例;高分化20例,中低分化52例;有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者50例,無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者22例;臨床分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ期30例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期42例;腫瘤≥5cm 49例,<5cm 23例。
2.2 CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞檢測結(jié)果
2.2.1 肺癌組與對照組比較結(jié)果 72例肺癌患者外周血CD19+CD5+B淋巴細(xì)胞和CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞占CD19+B細(xì)胞的比例分別為5.48%±0.89%、5.01%±1.20%,明顯高于對照組(3.99%±0.52%和2.78%±0.56%,t=8.38、9.58,P<0.01,圖1,表1)。
表1 肺癌患者與健康對照Bregs亞群及IL-10、TGF-β表達(dá)比較(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of Bregs subset ratios, IL-10 and TGF-β levels in lung cancer patients and healthy controls (±s)
表1 肺癌患者與健康對照Bregs亞群及IL-10、TGF-β表達(dá)比較(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of Bregs subset ratios, IL-10 and TGF-β levels in lung cancer patients and healthy controls (±s)
(1)P<0.01 compared with control group
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2.2.2 肺癌組亞組分析 Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肺癌患者外周血CD19+CD5+B淋巴細(xì)胞和CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞比例(5.85%±0.84%、5.63%±1.04%)均明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期肺癌患者(4.95%±0.65%、4.13%±0.78%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.92、6.67,P<0.01,表2)。
2.3 外周血IL-10、TGF-β水平檢測結(jié)果
2.3.1 肺癌組與對照組比較結(jié)果 肺癌組患者血清IL-10、TGF-β水平(2.34±0.79pg/ml、56.64±6.93ng/ml)明顯高于對照組(1.29±0.51pg/ ml、22.42±4.42ng/ml),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=6.56、24.59,P<0.01)。
2.3.2 肺癌組亞組分析 Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肺癌患者血清IL-10、TGF-β水平(2.79±0.60pg/ml、5 9.8 8±6.6 3 ng/m l)明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者(1.71±0.59pg/ml、52.10±4.37ng/ml),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=7.58、5.62,P<0.01)。
2.4 肺癌組患者CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞因子的相關(guān)性分析 直線相關(guān)分析顯示,肺癌患者外周血CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞比例與血清IL-10的水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.69,P<0.01),與TGF-β無明顯相關(guān)性(r=0.22,P﹥0. 05)。
圖1 肺癌患者CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞流式分析圖Fig.1 Determination of Bregs (CD19+CD5+CD1d+B cells) by flow cytometry
表2 不同分期肺癌患者Bregs亞群及IL-10、TGF-β表達(dá)比較(±s)Tab.2 Bregs subset ratios, IL-10 and TGF-β levels in lung cancer patients according to clinical staging (±s)
表2 不同分期肺癌患者Bregs亞群及IL-10、TGF-β表達(dá)比較(±s)Tab.2 Bregs subset ratios, IL-10 and TGF-β levels in lung cancer patients according to clinical staging (±s)
(1)P﹤0. 01 compared with stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ
Mizoguchi等[6]首先命名了調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞,并在炎癥性腸病模型中證實(shí)Bregs細(xì)胞是一種新的免疫耐受細(xì)胞亞群。在近年來的研究中Bregs的生理功能逐漸被揭示[7-8]:Bregs細(xì)胞主要通過分泌IL-10或TGF-β等抑制性細(xì)胞因子,調(diào)控效應(yīng)性T細(xì)胞、細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞、NK細(xì)胞、調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Tregs)、樹突細(xì)胞等免疫活性細(xì)胞的功能,維護(hù)機(jī)體免疫平衡。在自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病和腫瘤等疾病中該免疫平衡往往有所失調(diào)。既往文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,Bregs細(xì)胞免疫表型呈多樣性[5],而最能代表B10細(xì)胞的免疫表型是CD19+CD5+CD1d+的Bregs亞群[9],因其表達(dá)的標(biāo)記均位于細(xì)胞膜,樣本處理簡單、快速,適合于臨床大樣本研究,但目前在腫瘤患者中報(bào)道較少。
有研究顯示,食管癌患者外周血CD5+CD19+Bregs細(xì)胞較健康對照組明顯增多,且Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,手術(shù)切除腫瘤后Bregs細(xì)胞明顯降低,提示其與腫瘤負(fù)荷有關(guān)[10]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,肺癌患者外周血CD19+CD5+B細(xì)胞和CD19+CD5+CD1d+調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞亞群比例較健康對照均顯著增高,且Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肺癌患者外周血中CD19+CD5+B細(xì)胞和CD19+CD5+CD1d+調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞比例明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致。提示肺癌患者CD19+CD5+CD1d+調(diào)節(jié)性B細(xì)胞亞群比例增高,并隨著疾病進(jìn)展(腫瘤負(fù)荷增加)而增高。
Shi等[10]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)食管癌患者手術(shù)前Bregs分泌的IL-10和TGF-β較對照組增多,手術(shù)腫瘤負(fù)荷移除后TGF-β明顯減少,而CD19+IL-10+細(xì)胞較術(shù)前增加;同樣,在肝癌患者術(shù)后1d及7d也發(fā)現(xiàn)CD19+IL-10+細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加[11],因?yàn)槭中g(shù)解除了B10細(xì)胞的抑制功能。Olkhanud等[12]報(bào)道在乳腺癌小鼠模型(4T1)中存在腫瘤誘導(dǎo)的Bregs(tBregs)亞群,tBregs具有獨(dú)特的生物學(xué)功能,同時(shí)分泌TGF-β和IL-10,而大量分泌TGF-β是其主要特征,TGF-β誘導(dǎo)Treg增殖,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞肺轉(zhuǎn)移。本研究結(jié)果顯示,肺癌患者外周血血清IL-10和TGF-β水平較健康對照組增高,且Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肺癌患者較Ⅰ、Ⅱ期肺癌患者更高。相關(guān)性分析顯示,CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞亞群比例與IL-10水平呈正相關(guān),提示肺癌患者CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞亞群主要分泌IL-10,且IL-10水平隨著腫瘤負(fù)荷增加而升高,與肺癌的發(fā)病及進(jìn)展密切相關(guān)。但本研究結(jié)果顯示,肺癌患者CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs比例與TGF-β水平無明顯相關(guān)性,推測可能是因?yàn)楦叻置赥GF-β的Bregs細(xì)胞并不包含在CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs亞群中,但其具體機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步研究確認(rèn)。
Bregs細(xì)胞發(fā)揮腫瘤免疫逃逸調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制可能主要涉及以下途徑:一方面,Bregs細(xì)胞上的CD40與腫瘤細(xì)胞上的CD40L相互作用,誘導(dǎo)Bregs細(xì)胞分泌IL-10[13-14],抑制CD8+T細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)活性,下調(diào)CD8+T細(xì)胞和NK細(xì)胞分泌IFN-γ。將腫瘤細(xì)胞與B淋巴細(xì)胞缺陷小鼠的脾細(xì)胞共同培養(yǎng),CD8+T細(xì)胞和NK細(xì)胞能分泌IFN-γ,但如果在共同培養(yǎng)時(shí)加入純化的正常小鼠B淋巴細(xì)胞或IL-10,則IFN-γ 的分泌就會減少,提示Bregs細(xì)胞或其產(chǎn)生的IL-10可抑制淋巴細(xì)胞對腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用[5]。另一方面,tBregs細(xì)胞大量分泌的TGF-β可誘導(dǎo)CD4+效應(yīng)性T細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化成調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移。應(yīng)用特異性抑制物3'4'5三羥基芪(resveratrol,RSV)能有效抑制tBregs的增殖[15-16],TGF-β表達(dá)水平隨之降低,小鼠腫瘤縮小,顯示出良好的潛在抗腫瘤免疫治療前景。
綜上所述,肺癌患者外周血CD19+CD5+CD1d+Bregs細(xì)胞增多,可能會抑制患者體內(nèi)抗腫瘤免疫活性細(xì)胞的功能。因此,臨床上檢測Bregs細(xì)胞可能有助于腫瘤的診斷和預(yù)后判斷。此外,若能夠特異性去除Bregs,可能會有效增強(qiáng)機(jī)體的抗腫瘤免疫反應(yīng),將是一種有前景的腫瘤免疫治療方法。
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Expression of the regulatory B cells in peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer and its clinical significance
CHEN Bao-guo, MEI Li-ping, ZHENG Rui*, LI Bo-li
Central Laboratory, Department of Hematology of Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China
*
, E-mail: zhengrui80@aliyun.com
This work was supported by the New Century 151 Talent Project Fund of Zhejiang Province (Taizhou Renshe [2011]121)
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and clinical significance of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer.MethodsThe peripheral blood was collected from 72 patients with lung cancer and 29 healthy subjects (as control), and the Bregs subsets (CD19+CD5+CD1d+) were detected by flow cytometry, the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in serum were determined by ELISA. Proportion of Bregs and peripheral blood levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were compared between lung cancer patients and healthy controls, and between the lung cancer patients in stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ and those in stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ. The correlation between Bregs proportion and peripheral blood levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were further investigated.ResultsThe percentage of Bregs was significantly higher in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients than that of healthy controls (5.01%±1.20% vs 2.78%±0.56%, P<0.01). The proportion of Bregs was found to be increased in patients in clinical Ⅲand Ⅳ stages (5.63%±1.04%) compared with those in clinical Ⅰ and Ⅱ stages (4.13%±0.78%, P<0.01). The IL-10 and TGF-β levels were obviously higher in lung cancer patients than those in healthy controls (2.34±0.79pg/ml vs 1.29±0.51pg/ml, and 56.64±6.93ng/ml vs 22.42±4.42ng/ml, respectively, P<0.01), and in patients in Ⅲ and Ⅳ stages than those in patients in Ⅰ and Ⅱ stages (2.79±0.60pg/ml vs 1.71±0.59pg/ml, and 59.88±6.63ng/ml vs 52.10±4.37ng/ml, respectively, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the proportion of Bregs and the levels of IL-10 (r=0.69, P<0.01), but no significant correlation was found between the proportion of Bregs and the levels of TGF-β.ConclusionIncreased proportion of Bregs and levels of serum IL-10 and TGF-β in lung cancer patients may imply that the Bregs are probably associated with the progression of lung cancer.
lung neoplasms; B-lymphocytes, regulatory; interleukin-10; transforming growth factor beta
R734.2
A
0577-7402(2015)05-0396-04
10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.05.13
2014-11-07;
2015-03-03)
(責(zé)任編輯:沈?qū)?
浙江省新世紀(jì)151人才工程基金(臺人社發(fā)[2011]121號)
陳葆國,主任技師。主要從事腫瘤發(fā)病機(jī)制方面的研究
317000 浙江臺州 浙江省臺州醫(yī)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室(陳葆國、梅麗萍、鄭瑞、李伯利)[通訊作者]鄭瑞,E-mail:zhengrui80@aliyun.com