英語教學實踐中,筆者總結出2+5+2三步時態(tài)學習法。以助動詞為劃分依據(jù),詳述如下。
一、不用助動詞的常見時態(tài)有兩種:一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去式
例句:I remember that I am invisible and walk softly so as not to awaken the sleeping ones.
I stared at him blankly,my mind groping for connections.(p398)
二、需用一個助動詞的時態(tài)有五種:一般將來時,現(xiàn)在進行時,過去進行時,現(xiàn)在完成時,過去完成時
1.一般將來時:will或shall加動詞原形。例句:I’ll leave such decisions to Jack and his ilk.
2.現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時:am,is,are(was/were )+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。例句:Folks is always making plans and changing.I was fighting automatically when suddenly I noticed that one after another of the boys was leaving the ring.
3.現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時:has/have(had)+動詞的過去分詞。例句:“You have studied Emerson,haven′t you?”
三、需用兩個助動詞的時態(tài)有兩種:現(xiàn)在完成進行時和過去完成進行時
現(xiàn)在完成進行時由has/have+been+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構成。
過去完成進行時由had+been+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構成。
例句:It has been raining since this Monday." She had been teaching English for 30 years.
實際學習中我們只要掌握好以上9種就可以了,其他幾種可以根據(jù)已掌握的推導出來。
?誗編輯 楊兆東