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        應(yīng)用ROC曲線評價(jià)TR6、P53及增殖指數(shù)對膀胱癌的診斷價(jià)值

        2014-12-20 03:24:10潘林江等
        中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào) 2014年33期
        關(guān)鍵詞:膀胱癌

        潘林江等

        [摘要] 目的 探討TR6、P53和腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖指數(shù)(PI)及其聯(lián)合檢測對膀胱癌的診斷價(jià)值。 方法 免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測224例膀胱癌組織標(biāo)本(膀胱癌組)和56例正常膀胱組織標(biāo)本(正常膀胱組)的TR6、P53和Ki-67 PI表達(dá),并應(yīng)用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC)分析3項(xiàng)指標(biāo)及聯(lián)合對膀胱癌診斷的臨床價(jià)值。 結(jié)果 TR6(36.2%比10.7%)、P53(41.5%比1.8%)及PI(49.1%比5.4%)在膀胱癌組中的表達(dá)均明顯高于正常膀胱組(均P < 0.01)。TR6、P53及PI單獨(dú)檢測對膀胱癌診斷的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.627、0.699、0.719,TR6+P53、P53+PI及TR6+P53+PI的AUC均高于單獨(dú)檢測值,分別為0.725、0.766、0.730。三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)單獨(dú)診斷膀胱癌的靈敏度分別為0.362、0.415、0.491,聯(lián)合TR6+P53、P53+PI及TR6+P53+PI的靈敏度均優(yōu)于單獨(dú)檢測值,其中最高者為三者聯(lián)合組,靈敏度為0.638。 結(jié)論 TR6、P53、腫瘤細(xì)胞PI三者聯(lián)合檢測可顯著提高膀胱癌診斷的AUC和靈敏度,優(yōu)于單項(xiàng)檢測效果。

        [關(guān)鍵詞] 受試者工作特征曲線;膀胱癌;TR6;P53;增殖指數(shù)

        [中圖分類號] R737.14 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2014)11(c)-0007-04

        Diagnostic value of TR6, P53 and proliferation index in bladder cancer with ROC curve

        PAN Linjiang1 ZHONG Tengfei2 HUANG Suning1 CHEN Gang2

        1.Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China; 2.Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China

        [Abstract] Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of TR6, P53, tumor cell proliferation index (PI) and their combination for bladder cancer. Methods TR6, P53 and Ki-67 PI expression were detected by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 224 cases of bladder cancer tissues (bladder cancer group) and 56 cases of normal bladder tissues (normal bladder group). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to analyze the clinicopathological diagnostic value of the aforementioned 3 biomarkers individually or combinatorially. Results The expression of TR6 (36.2% vs 10.7%), P53 (41.5% vs 1.8%) and PI (49.1% vs 5.4%) in bladder cancer group were significantly higher than those in normal group (all P < 0.01). The areas under the curve (AUC) of TR6, P53 and PI were 0.627, 0.699, 0.719, respectively. Whereas, the AUC of TR6+P53, P53+PI and TR6+P53+PI were 0.725,0.766,0.730, respectively, higher than the individual level of each marker. The single sensitive values of the TR6, P53, PI were 0.362, 0.415, 0.491, respectively. The combination of TR6+P53, P53+PI and TR6+P53+PI offered higher sensitive values than single marker. The highest sensitive value was 0.638, produced by the combination of TR6+P53+PI. Conclusion Combined detection of TR6, P53 and tumor cells PI could noticeably improve the AUC and sensitivity in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, which is superior to individual marker.

        [Key words] ROC curve; Bladder cancer; TR6; P53; Proliferation indexendprint

        膀胱癌是泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)最常見的惡性腫瘤,早期診斷是提高膀胱癌的生存率、降低病死率的關(guān)鍵。受試者工作特征曲線(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)能方便地查出任意界限值對疾病的識別能力,用于選擇最佳的診斷界限值或?qū)煞N及兩種以上不同診斷試驗(yàn)對疾病識別能力的比較[1-4]。腫瘤壞死因子受體6(tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6,TR6)是腫瘤壞死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)受體超家族的成員之一,它是一種凋亡抑制蛋白[5-6]。P53蛋白在調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞周期和避免細(xì)胞癌變發(fā)生機(jī)制上扮演著重要的角色[7]。Ki-67是一種增殖細(xì)胞相關(guān)的核抗原,能在除G0期以外的所有細(xì)胞周期中表達(dá),其增殖活性用增殖指數(shù)(proliferation index,PI)反映[7-8]。本研究檢測了224例膀胱癌標(biāo)本TR6、P53的陽性表達(dá)及腫瘤細(xì)胞PI,并采用ROC曲線評價(jià)三者單項(xiàng)檢測及聯(lián)合檢測在膀胱癌中的診斷價(jià)值,旨在探索協(xié)助早期診斷膀胱癌的靶標(biāo)。

        1 材料與方法

        1.1 標(biāo)本來源

        選取廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院2009年1月~2011年10月收治的膀胱癌患者224例(膀胱癌組),其中,尿路上皮癌166例,腺癌42例,鱗癌16例,經(jīng)尸體解剖收集正常膀胱56例(正常膀胱組),構(gòu)建組織芯片,均經(jīng)病理確診。膀胱癌組中男191例,女33例,年齡27~96歲,平均62歲。正常膀胱組中男46例,女10例,年齡44~96歲,平均62歲。膀胱癌組和正常膀胱組中患者的性別和年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。

        1.2 檢測方法

        采用免疫組化SuperVision法進(jìn)行染色。一抗為TR6鼠單克隆抗體(37A565,Santa Cruz,濃度為1∶300),操作步驟按文獻(xiàn)[5,9]進(jìn)行。采用雙盲法和雙評分半定量積分法評分:觀察10個(gè)高倍鏡視野平均腫瘤細(xì)胞染色,其中靶細(xì)胞陽性率<25%為0分,25%~<51%為1分,51%~75%為2分,>75%為3分;顯色程度按切片中顯色有無及深淺記分,無染色0分,淺棕黃色1分,棕黃色2分,棕褐色3分;兩分相加,<2分為陰性表達(dá),≥2分為陽性表達(dá),并計(jì)算TR6陽性表達(dá)率。Ki-67 PI判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為隨機(jī)選擇10個(gè)400倍視野,計(jì)數(shù)>1000個(gè)細(xì)胞,計(jì)算Ki-67陽性細(xì)胞占總體細(xì)胞的比例,即增殖指數(shù)PI%,高于中位數(shù)為高PI,低于中位數(shù)為低PI,計(jì)算高PI率,血管內(nèi)皮陽性細(xì)胞則不予計(jì)數(shù)。P53陽性細(xì)胞的計(jì)數(shù)方法與計(jì)數(shù)Ki-67陽性細(xì)胞的方法相同[5-8],比較P53陽性細(xì)胞占總體細(xì)胞的比例,高于中位數(shù)為高表達(dá),低于者為低表達(dá),計(jì)算P53高表達(dá)率。

        1.3 ROC曲線的基本原理

        ROC曲線在臨床與流行病學(xué)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用廣泛,可進(jìn)行診斷正確性的評價(jià)及靶標(biāo)的篩檢。常使用曲線下面積(receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC)來反映評價(jià)效能,AUC為0.5~1.0,其中,0.5以下說明標(biāo)志物不具任何診斷價(jià)值,診斷效能最佳時(shí)AUC為1。一般認(rèn)為:AUC為0.5~0.7時(shí)具有較低診斷價(jià)值,>0.7~0.9時(shí)具有中等診斷價(jià)值,>0.9時(shí)具有較高診斷價(jià)值[1-3]。

        1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

        采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,對不同檢測指標(biāo)進(jìn)行比較,組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。對單項(xiàng)及聯(lián)合檢測結(jié)果做圖繪成ROC曲線,并計(jì)算AUC、靈敏度、特異度、陰性預(yù)測值和陽性預(yù)測值。

        2 結(jié)果

        2.1 TR6、P53及Ki-67 PI在不同膀胱組織中的比較

        膀胱癌組中TR6陽性表達(dá)率為36.2%(81/224),明顯高于正常膀胱組的10.7%(6/56),差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。膀胱癌組中P53高表達(dá)率(41.5%,93/224)顯著高于正常膀胱組(1.8%,1/56),差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。膀胱癌組中高PI率(49.1%,110/224)顯著高于于正常膀胱組(5.4%,3/56),差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。

        2.2 單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)檢測對膀胱癌診斷的評價(jià)

        以靈敏度為縱坐標(biāo),以誤診率(1-特異度)為橫坐標(biāo)做ROC曲線圖,并計(jì)算AUC(圖1)。TR6、P53和PI的AUC分別為0.627、0.699和0.719(表1)。在單項(xiàng)檢測腫瘤標(biāo)志物對膀胱癌的診斷中,Ki-67 PI的靈敏度為三者中最高,為0.491,其次是P53、TR6,分別為0.415和0.362(表1)。在不同的組織學(xué)類型:尿路上皮癌及腺癌中也得到類似結(jié)果(表2、3)。鱗癌組因例數(shù)過少,未予單獨(dú)計(jì)算。

        2.3 聯(lián)合檢測腫瘤標(biāo)志物對膀胱癌診斷學(xué)評價(jià)

        兩指標(biāo)聯(lián)合檢測可獲得較好效果,以P53+PI組合最佳,其曲線下面積遠(yuǎn)高于單項(xiàng)檢測;TR6+P53組合與TR6+PI其次(表2、圖1)。TR6+P53+PI 3項(xiàng)聯(lián)合檢測診斷膀胱癌的AUC為0.730,其靈敏度比單獨(dú)檢測有明顯提高,達(dá)0.638,且有較好的特異度。

        3 討論

        膀胱癌是嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康的泌尿系腫瘤之一,盡早診斷有利于采取有效的治療措施。TR6是腫瘤壞死因子受體超家族的成員,是一種凋亡抑制蛋白,位于染色體20q13.3。TR6的氨基酸序列中缺乏跨膜結(jié)構(gòu),因此它是一種分泌性蛋白,其在正常組織和血清中不表達(dá)或微量表達(dá),而在惡性腫瘤中表達(dá)增強(qiáng)。已有臨床研究證實(shí),TR6對膀胱癌的診斷有一定參考價(jià)值[5-6,10-12]。

        P53是迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)的與人類惡性腫瘤關(guān)系最為密切的基因之一。P53蛋白有多種功能,參與多個(gè)細(xì)胞周期的調(diào)控,主要體現(xiàn)在對細(xì)胞周期的阻滯、促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡及DNA修復(fù)。大約50%的人體惡性腫瘤組織中都有P53基因突變和蛋白的異常表達(dá),而在人體癌組織中過量P53蛋白的積累通常是由P53基因的錯(cuò)義突變引起[13]。通常用免疫組化方法可以檢測到突變的P53蛋白。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)P53基因在膀胱癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及預(yù)后中具有重要作用,提示P53可作為膀胱癌分子篩檢的指標(biāo)之一[14-15]。endprint

        Ki-67是一種增殖細(xì)胞相關(guān)的核抗原,其功能與有絲分裂密切相關(guān),其增殖活性用PI反映。在細(xì)胞周期中,它存在于除G0期以外的所有階段。Ki-67在細(xì)胞周期中的G1期開始表達(dá),在S期和G2期逐漸升高,至M期達(dá)到高峰,并在細(xì)胞分裂晚期迅速消失,其半衰期短,在脫離細(xì)胞周期后能很快降解。Ki-67高表達(dá)是細(xì)胞增生活躍的重要標(biāo)志,是一項(xiàng)可靠而迅速地反映惡性腫瘤增殖率的指標(biāo)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Ki-67 PI在膀胱癌中呈現(xiàn)高表達(dá),可作為診斷膀胱癌的腫瘤標(biāo)志物之一[15-17]。

        單項(xiàng)檢測腫瘤標(biāo)志物TR6、P53、Ki-67 PI對診斷膀胱癌有一定效力,但靈敏度不高,臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值受限。經(jīng)典的腫瘤標(biāo)志物P53和Ki-67 PI診斷效力要高于新興的腫瘤標(biāo)志物TR6,以致在兩指標(biāo)聯(lián)合檢測中TR6+P53和PI+P53組合的診斷效率比TR6+PI組合要高。三指標(biāo)的聯(lián)合檢測診斷膀胱癌AUC和靈敏度均高于單項(xiàng)檢測。對于膀胱癌的兩種亞型腺癌和尿路上皮癌也得到同樣的結(jié)果,提示聯(lián)合檢測TR6、P53、Ki-67 PI有利于提高膀胱癌的檢出率,減少漏檢率。

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        [17] Ding W,Gou Y,Sun C,et al. Ki-67 is an independent indicator in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC);combination of EORTC risk scores and Ki-67 expression could improve the risk stratification of NMIBC [J]. Urologic Oncology,2014,32(1):e13-49.

        (收稿日期:2014-08-23 本文編輯:程 銘)endprint

        Ki-67是一種增殖細(xì)胞相關(guān)的核抗原,其功能與有絲分裂密切相關(guān),其增殖活性用PI反映。在細(xì)胞周期中,它存在于除G0期以外的所有階段。Ki-67在細(xì)胞周期中的G1期開始表達(dá),在S期和G2期逐漸升高,至M期達(dá)到高峰,并在細(xì)胞分裂晚期迅速消失,其半衰期短,在脫離細(xì)胞周期后能很快降解。Ki-67高表達(dá)是細(xì)胞增生活躍的重要標(biāo)志,是一項(xiàng)可靠而迅速地反映惡性腫瘤增殖率的指標(biāo)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Ki-67 PI在膀胱癌中呈現(xiàn)高表達(dá),可作為診斷膀胱癌的腫瘤標(biāo)志物之一[15-17]。

        單項(xiàng)檢測腫瘤標(biāo)志物TR6、P53、Ki-67 PI對診斷膀胱癌有一定效力,但靈敏度不高,臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值受限。經(jīng)典的腫瘤標(biāo)志物P53和Ki-67 PI診斷效力要高于新興的腫瘤標(biāo)志物TR6,以致在兩指標(biāo)聯(lián)合檢測中TR6+P53和PI+P53組合的診斷效率比TR6+PI組合要高。三指標(biāo)的聯(lián)合檢測診斷膀胱癌AUC和靈敏度均高于單項(xiàng)檢測。對于膀胱癌的兩種亞型腺癌和尿路上皮癌也得到同樣的結(jié)果,提示聯(lián)合檢測TR6、P53、Ki-67 PI有利于提高膀胱癌的檢出率,減少漏檢率。

        [參考文獻(xiàn)]

        [1] 王敬瀚.ROC曲線在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)診斷實(shí)驗(yàn)中的應(yīng)用[J]. 中華高血壓雜志,2008,16(2):175-177.

        [2] 文英旭,邢柏,譚世峰,等.ROC曲線評價(jià)腹內(nèi)壓對重癥急性胰腺炎患者早期腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)耐受性的價(jià)值[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2014,11(20):37-40.

        [3] 李佩章,波朱,英王,等.Logistic 回歸和 ROC 曲線評價(jià)癌胚抗原、鱗狀細(xì)胞癌抗原和鐵蛋白對肺癌的診斷價(jià)值[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2014,11(16):16-19.

        [4] Donizy P,Rudno-Rudzinska J,Halon A,et al. Intratumoral but not peritumoral lymphatic vessel density measured by D2-40 expression predicts poor outcome in gastric cancer-ROC curve analysis to find cut-off point [J]. Anticancer Research,2014,34(6):3113-3118.

        [5] Chen G,Rong M,Luo D. TNFRSF6B neutralization antibody inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell [J]. Pathology, Research and Practice,2010,206(9):631-641.

        [6] Huang S,Chen G,Dang Y,et al. Overexpression of DcR3 and its significance on tumor cell differentiation and proliferation in glioma [J]. PloS One,2014,9(3):605236.

        [7] 崔海濱,葛懷娥,白希永,等.EGFR、HER2、Ki-67、P53在進(jìn)展期胃癌新輔助化療療效預(yù)測中的應(yīng)用[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2014,11(2):35-38.

        [8] 段愛紅,孫志強(qiáng),楊麗萍,等.Nestin和Ki67在卵巢上皮性癌組織中的表達(dá)及臨床意義[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2014,11(5):24-27.

        [9] Yang M,Chen G,Dang Y,et al. Significance of decoy receptor 3 in sera of hepatocellular carcinoma patients [J]. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences,2010,115(4):232-237.

        [10] Yamana K,Bilim V,Hara N,et al. Prognostic impact of FAS/CD95/APO-1 in urothelial cancers:decreased expression of Fas is associated with disease progression [J]. British Journal of Cancer,2005,93(5):544-551.

        [11] Wu Q,Zheng Y,Chen D,et al. Aberrant expression of decoy receptor 3 in human breast cancer:relevance to lymphangiogenesis [J]. The Journal of Surgical Research,2014,188(2):459-465.

        [12] Zhou J,Song S,Li D,et al. Decoy receptor 3(DcR3)overexpression predicts the prognosis and pN2 in pancreatic head carcinoma [J]. World Journal of Surgical Oncology,2014,12:52.

        [13] Al-Sukhun S,Hussain M. Current understanding of the biology of advanced bladder cancer [J]. Cancer,2003,7(8 Suppl):2064-2075.

        [14] Abat D,Demirhan O,Inandiklioglu N,et al. Genetic alterations of chromosomes,p53 and p16 genes in low-and high-grade bladder cancer [J]. Oncology Letters,2014,8(1):25-32.

        [15] Wang L,F(xiàn)eng C,Ding G,et al. Ki67 and TP53 expressions predict recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer [J]. Tumour Biology:the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine,2014,35(4):2989-2995.

        [16] Goyal S,Singh UR,Sharma S,et al. Correlation of mitotic indices,AgNor count,Ki-67 and Bcl-2 with grade and stage in papillary urothelial bladder cancer [J]. Urology Journal,2014,11(1):1238-1247.

        [17] Ding W,Gou Y,Sun C,et al. Ki-67 is an independent indicator in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC);combination of EORTC risk scores and Ki-67 expression could improve the risk stratification of NMIBC [J]. Urologic Oncology,2014,32(1):e13-49.

        (收稿日期:2014-08-23 本文編輯:程 銘)endprint

        Ki-67是一種增殖細(xì)胞相關(guān)的核抗原,其功能與有絲分裂密切相關(guān),其增殖活性用PI反映。在細(xì)胞周期中,它存在于除G0期以外的所有階段。Ki-67在細(xì)胞周期中的G1期開始表達(dá),在S期和G2期逐漸升高,至M期達(dá)到高峰,并在細(xì)胞分裂晚期迅速消失,其半衰期短,在脫離細(xì)胞周期后能很快降解。Ki-67高表達(dá)是細(xì)胞增生活躍的重要標(biāo)志,是一項(xiàng)可靠而迅速地反映惡性腫瘤增殖率的指標(biāo)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Ki-67 PI在膀胱癌中呈現(xiàn)高表達(dá),可作為診斷膀胱癌的腫瘤標(biāo)志物之一[15-17]。

        單項(xiàng)檢測腫瘤標(biāo)志物TR6、P53、Ki-67 PI對診斷膀胱癌有一定效力,但靈敏度不高,臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值受限。經(jīng)典的腫瘤標(biāo)志物P53和Ki-67 PI診斷效力要高于新興的腫瘤標(biāo)志物TR6,以致在兩指標(biāo)聯(lián)合檢測中TR6+P53和PI+P53組合的診斷效率比TR6+PI組合要高。三指標(biāo)的聯(lián)合檢測診斷膀胱癌AUC和靈敏度均高于單項(xiàng)檢測。對于膀胱癌的兩種亞型腺癌和尿路上皮癌也得到同樣的結(jié)果,提示聯(lián)合檢測TR6、P53、Ki-67 PI有利于提高膀胱癌的檢出率,減少漏檢率。

        [參考文獻(xiàn)]

        [1] 王敬瀚.ROC曲線在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)診斷實(shí)驗(yàn)中的應(yīng)用[J]. 中華高血壓雜志,2008,16(2):175-177.

        [2] 文英旭,邢柏,譚世峰,等.ROC曲線評價(jià)腹內(nèi)壓對重癥急性胰腺炎患者早期腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)耐受性的價(jià)值[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2014,11(20):37-40.

        [3] 李佩章,波朱,英王,等.Logistic 回歸和 ROC 曲線評價(jià)癌胚抗原、鱗狀細(xì)胞癌抗原和鐵蛋白對肺癌的診斷價(jià)值[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2014,11(16):16-19.

        [4] Donizy P,Rudno-Rudzinska J,Halon A,et al. Intratumoral but not peritumoral lymphatic vessel density measured by D2-40 expression predicts poor outcome in gastric cancer-ROC curve analysis to find cut-off point [J]. Anticancer Research,2014,34(6):3113-3118.

        [5] Chen G,Rong M,Luo D. TNFRSF6B neutralization antibody inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell [J]. Pathology, Research and Practice,2010,206(9):631-641.

        [6] Huang S,Chen G,Dang Y,et al. Overexpression of DcR3 and its significance on tumor cell differentiation and proliferation in glioma [J]. PloS One,2014,9(3):605236.

        [7] 崔海濱,葛懷娥,白希永,等.EGFR、HER2、Ki-67、P53在進(jìn)展期胃癌新輔助化療療效預(yù)測中的應(yīng)用[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2014,11(2):35-38.

        [8] 段愛紅,孫志強(qiáng),楊麗萍,等.Nestin和Ki67在卵巢上皮性癌組織中的表達(dá)及臨床意義[J].中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2014,11(5):24-27.

        [9] Yang M,Chen G,Dang Y,et al. Significance of decoy receptor 3 in sera of hepatocellular carcinoma patients [J]. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences,2010,115(4):232-237.

        [10] Yamana K,Bilim V,Hara N,et al. Prognostic impact of FAS/CD95/APO-1 in urothelial cancers:decreased expression of Fas is associated with disease progression [J]. British Journal of Cancer,2005,93(5):544-551.

        [11] Wu Q,Zheng Y,Chen D,et al. Aberrant expression of decoy receptor 3 in human breast cancer:relevance to lymphangiogenesis [J]. The Journal of Surgical Research,2014,188(2):459-465.

        [12] Zhou J,Song S,Li D,et al. Decoy receptor 3(DcR3)overexpression predicts the prognosis and pN2 in pancreatic head carcinoma [J]. World Journal of Surgical Oncology,2014,12:52.

        [13] Al-Sukhun S,Hussain M. Current understanding of the biology of advanced bladder cancer [J]. Cancer,2003,7(8 Suppl):2064-2075.

        [14] Abat D,Demirhan O,Inandiklioglu N,et al. Genetic alterations of chromosomes,p53 and p16 genes in low-and high-grade bladder cancer [J]. Oncology Letters,2014,8(1):25-32.

        [15] Wang L,F(xiàn)eng C,Ding G,et al. Ki67 and TP53 expressions predict recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer [J]. Tumour Biology:the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine,2014,35(4):2989-2995.

        [16] Goyal S,Singh UR,Sharma S,et al. Correlation of mitotic indices,AgNor count,Ki-67 and Bcl-2 with grade and stage in papillary urothelial bladder cancer [J]. Urology Journal,2014,11(1):1238-1247.

        [17] Ding W,Gou Y,Sun C,et al. Ki-67 is an independent indicator in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC);combination of EORTC risk scores and Ki-67 expression could improve the risk stratification of NMIBC [J]. Urologic Oncology,2014,32(1):e13-49.

        (收稿日期:2014-08-23 本文編輯:程 銘)endprint

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