李坤 丁寧 李琳
[摘要] 目的 鑒定已構建的干擾人核糖核酸酶抑制因子(hRI)的siRNA表達載體pKD-dsRI的干擾效果。 方法 用脂質體法將所構建的pKD-dsRI與充當報告基因的重組綠色熒光蛋白融合hRI的逆轉錄病毒載體(pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri)共轉染到人宮頸癌HeLa細胞中。實驗設4組:空白細胞組(未轉染組)、pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri轉染組(對照組1)、pKD+pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri共轉染組(對照組2)及pKD-dsRI+pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri共轉染組(干擾組)。采用RT-PCR和Western blotting檢測egfp-hri基因在轉錄后基因水平和蛋白質水平的表達。 結果 干擾組egfp-hri基因的mRNA轉錄水平和蛋白表達水平較對照組1與對照組2分別下降了91%、85%和83%、81%(P < 0.05)。 結論 已成功構建了針對hRI的siRNA表達載體。
[關鍵詞] 人核糖核酸酶抑制因子;siRNA;鑒定
[中圖分類號] R78 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2014)09(a)-0008-04
Identification of the effect of siRNA plasmid targeted combination hRI expressed in HeLa cell
LI Kun1 DING Ning1 LI Lin2
1.Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Dalian University, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116021, China; 2.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Dalian, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116021, China
[Abstract] Objective To identify the silencing effect on human HeLa cells of a siRNA plasmid pKD-dsRI targeting the gene of human ribonuclease inhibitor (hRI), which is capable of expression in mammalian cells. Methods The vector of pKD-dsRI was co-transfected into HeLa cells with the reporter plasmid of pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri (transfection group), using the cells transfected with the reporter plasmid of pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri (control group 1), empty plasmid of pKD together with pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri (control group 2), and those untransfected (no transfection group) as controls. The silencing effect was determined by RT-PCR, and the expression level of egfp-hri protein was determined by Western blotting respectively. Results The transcription level of the egfp-hri fusion gene in cells co-transfected with pKD-dsRI and reporter plasmid decreased by 91% and 85%, while the expression level of the egfp-hri fusion gene decreased by 83% and 81%, as compared with control group 1 and control group 2 respectively (each P < 0.05). Conclusion The plasmid of siRNA targeting hRI is successfully constructed and the protein of hRI can be inhibited in cytomatrix of HeLa cells correctly.
[Key words] Human ribonuclease inhibitor; siRNA; Identification
惡性腫瘤一直是嚴重威脅人類健康的重大疾病之一。目前其臨床治療仍以傳統(tǒng)的手術、放、化療為主,具有很多缺點,如術后易復發(fā)、患者痛苦大、生存質量差、生存期短等。尋找和發(fā)現(xiàn)治療腫瘤的新方法和新途徑仍是當今醫(yī)學研究的熱點和難點。目前研究認為,實體瘤的生長依賴于新血管生成[1],可以通過抑制腫瘤血管生成達到抗腫瘤作用,因而近年來正成為腫瘤治療研究的熱點領域。核糖核酸酶抑制因子(ribonuclease Inhibitor,RI)是廣泛存在于哺乳動物細胞漿內的酸性糖蛋白,能通過與血管形成因子(Angiogenin,Ang)緊密結合而抑制其活性[2],進而抑制實體瘤血管的形成,從而抑制腫瘤的生長。因而RI可能為具有抗腫瘤血管活性的腫瘤抑制基因,有望應用于腫瘤的基因治療中。為了進一步探討RI的抗腫瘤機制,筆者構建了針對人核糖核酸酶抑制因子(hRI)基因的siRNA載體pKD-dsRI[3]。
為了驗證該載體的干擾效果,本實驗用重組綠色熒光蛋白融合hRI的逆轉錄病毒載體pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri充當報告基因,將siRNA載體pKD-dsRI與報告載體共轉染到人宮頸癌細胞HeLa中,驗證siRNA表達載體的干擾效果。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
人宮頸癌細胞HeLa由大連大學醫(yī)學院生物化學與分子生物學教研室(以下簡稱“本室”)保存;含H1啟動子的針對hRI的siRNA表達載體pKD-dsRI由本室構建(圖1)。
圖1 siRNA表達載體pKD-dsRI
1.2 試劑
DL2000 DNA Marker、質粒提取試劑盒、DEPC H2O購自寶生物工程(大連)有限公司;梭華-SofastR基因轉染試劑購自廈門太陽馬生物工程有限公司;RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基、胰蛋白酶、Trizol購于Gibco公司;胎牛血清購自杭州四季青血清生物制品有限公司;PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)膜購Biosciences;RT-PCR kit、ECL化學發(fā)光顯色試劑盒購自Sigma公司;兔抗人核糖核酸酶抑制因子抗體由本室制備;RIPA蛋白裂解液購自KEYGEN生物;其他實驗中所用的酚、氯仿、異丙醇等試劑均為分析純。
1.3 細胞培養(yǎng)與轉染
人宮頸癌細胞HeLa細胞在含10%胎牛血清、雙抗(青霉素100 μ/mL,鏈霉素100 μg/mL)的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基于5%的CO2、37℃、90%濕度條件下培養(yǎng)。取對數(shù)生長期細胞按0.5×105~2.0×105/mL鋪板于24孔板中,至細胞達到80%匯片時用梭華-SofastR轉染試劑進行轉染。分為四組:空白對照組(未轉染組)、pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri轉染組(對照組1)、pKD+pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri共轉染組(對照組2)、pKD-dsRI+pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri共轉染組(干擾組),每組3復孔。每組質粒共用0.8 μg、脂質體2 μL,共轉染組用pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri 0.2 μg、pKD-dsRI 0.6 μg或pKD 0.6 μg。轉染后48~72 h收獲細胞。
1.4 轉染細胞中RI基因mRNA轉錄水平的檢測
轉染24 h后,收獲細胞。采用Trizol試劑提取各組細胞的總RNA。使用RT-PCR試劑盒按照兩步法進行RT-PCR反應。以總RNA逆轉錄合成的cDNA為模板進行PCR反應。ri基因上游引物:5'-gacatccagtgtgaggagctgagcg-3',下游引物:5'-ccagcctcattgatgtcgttgttgc-3',擴增產(chǎn)物約為527 bp;用于檢測轉染效果的pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri質粒引物是上游引物:5'-tgatgtcgttgttgctaaccgtgag-3',下游引物:5'-actctcggcatggacgagctgtac-3',上游引物位于載體pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri的egfp基因閱讀框的No.697 bp,下游引物位于載體pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri的MCS的下游位置,擴增產(chǎn)物為583 bp;內參β-actin 的上游引物:5'-gctgtccctgtacgcctctg-3',下游引物:5'-tgccgatggtgatgacctgg-3',擴增產(chǎn)物約為300 bp。反應條件為:94℃ 2 min,94℃ 30 s,55℃ 30 s,72℃ 4 min,循環(huán)25次,72℃ 4 min。PCR產(chǎn)物由Bio-Rad凝膠成像儀攝取凝膠圖像,用Image LabTM軟件對各個條帶測定其面積及灰度值。用目的蛋白條帶灰度值與β-actin條帶灰度值的比值表示目的蛋白的相對表達強度。干擾率=相對表達強度空載體組-相對表達強度干擾組/相對表達強度空載體組。
1.5 Western-blotting法檢測轉染細胞中RI蛋白表達水平
轉染72 h后,收獲細胞。用含1 mmol/L PMSF的RIPA蛋白裂解液提取各組細胞總蛋白,取60 μg,經(jīng)10%SDS-PAGE電泳后,電轉轉至PVDF膜,用5%脫脂奶粉37℃封閉過夜。加入RI一抗100 g/mL(1∶1000稀釋)過夜;再用HRP標記的二抗IgG(1∶2000稀釋)室溫反應1 h,用ECL發(fā)光試劑盒反應液發(fā)光,曝光時間為30 s~5 min。由Bio-Rad 凝膠成像儀攝取凝膠圖像,用Image LAbTM軟件進行定量分析。
1.6 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 11.5統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 RT-PCR檢測hri基因在轉錄后水平上的表達
RT-PCR半定量分析顯示,未轉染組細胞的RT-PCR產(chǎn)物在527 bp和300 bp處可見RI基因和內參β-actin基因條帶,RI基因相對表達強度為(0.89±0.05);對照組1和對照組2的RT-PCR產(chǎn)物在583 bp和300 bp處均可見egfi-hri基因和內參基因條帶,egfi-hri基因相對表達強度分別為(1.69±0.32)和(1.03±0.09);干擾組中egfi-hri基因相對表達強度為(0.15±0.04),與對照組1和對照組2相比,分別下降了91%和85%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。
3 討論
作為體內重要的調節(jié)分子,hRI具有多方面的功能[4-7],這是由其特殊氨基酸序列及結構決定的,其一級結構含有大量的亮氨酸和還原型半胱氨酸,空間結構呈馬蹄形,由富含亮氨酸殘基重復區(qū)(leucin-rich reapeat,LRR)的α/β螺旋折疊結構多次重復構成[8-11]。目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在血小板糖蛋白Ib的α-亞基、人血清富含亮氨酸的α2-糖蛋白、酵母腺氨酸環(huán)化酶、果蠅的chaoptin和果蠅Toll蛋白等多種蛋白中廣泛存在LRR結構域,且相關實驗證明LRR結構域與膜和蛋白質、蛋白質和蛋白質的相互作用有關[12]。另一方面國內外研究認為,RI在正常細胞內,作為RNase抑制劑(Ki=4.0×10-14 mol/L),能夠保護mRNA和rRNA,使蛋白質合成旺盛;作為血管生長因子抑制劑(Ki=7.1×10-16 mol/L),RI可以抑制腫瘤血管的形成[13-15,16-17]。此外,發(fā)現(xiàn)RI還具有抗機體氧化損傷的功能[18-19]。綜上所述,筆者認為RI具抗腫瘤作用,可能為腫瘤抑制因子。
為證實這一推論,筆者構建了針對hri的siRNA瞬時載體pKD-dsRI介導hri基因的沉默。該載體是在H1啟動子(RNA polⅢ)的作用下,產(chǎn)生發(fā)夾樣RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)使得hri基因表達沉默或下調。本研究將構建的pKD-dsRI與載體pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri(綠色熒光蛋白融合hri基因載體)二者共轉染到HeLa細胞中,以便于檢測干擾效果。通過RT-PCR和Western blotting檢測egfp-hri基因在轉錄后水平和蛋白質水平下的表達變化。RT-PCR和Western blotting結果證明,hri基因被干涉,干擾效果達到80%,從而說明干擾hri基因的siRNA載體構建成功。
[參考文獻]
[1] Muramatsu M,Yamamoto S,Osawa T,et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling promotes mobilization of macrophage lineage cells from bone marrow and stimulates solid tumor growth [J]. Cancer Res,2010,70(20):8211-8221.
[2] Dickson. Ribonuclease inhibitor regulates neovascularization by human angiogenin [J]. Biochemi-stry,2009,48(18):3804-3806.
[3] 李坤,田余祥,陳海波,等.重組人核糖核酸酶抑制因子基因的siRNA表達載體的構建及B16細胞中基因沉默的鑒定[J].應用與環(huán)境生物學報,2007,13(4):519-522.
[4] Spencer JD,Schwaderer AL,Eichler T,et al. An endogenous ribonuclease inhibitor regulates the antimicrobial activity of ribonuclease 7 in the human urinary tract [J]. Kidney Int,2014,85(5):1179-1191.
[5] Yao X,Li D,Xiong DM,et al. A novel role of?ribonuclease inhibitor in regulation ofepithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ILK signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells [J]. Cell Tissue Res,2013,353(3):409-423.
[6] Kim YJ,Park SJ,Choi EY,et al. PTEN modulates miR-21 processing via RNA-regulatory protein RNH1 [J]. PloS One,2011,6(12):e28308.
[7] Furia A,Moscato M,Cali G,et al. The ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor is also present in mitochondria and nuclei[J]. FEBS Lett,2011,585:613-617.
[8] Jan H,Brigitte K,Renate M,et al. Amino acid sequence of the ribonuclease inhibitor from porcine liver reveals the presence of Leucine-Rich Repeats [J]. Biochemistry,1988, 27(23):8537-8544.
[9] Hutvagner G,Zamore PD. RNAi:nature abhorsa double-strand [J]. Curr Opin Genetics & Development,2002,12:225-227.
[10] Jo E,Lomax,Christopher M,et al. Functional evolution of ribonuclease inhibitor:insights from birds and reptiles [J]. Journal of Molecular Biology,2014,15:281-287.
[11] Teplova M,Wohlbold L,Khin NW,et al. Structure-function studies of cleocytoplasmic transport of retroviral genomic RNA by mRNA export factor TAP [J]. Nat Struct Mol Biol,2011,18: 990-998.
[12] Frank S,Edward A,Hai-Meng Z,et al. Primary structure of human ribonuclease inhibitor [J]. Biochemistry,1988, 27(23):8545-8553.
[13] Shapiro R. Cytoplasmic ribonuclease inhibitor [J]. Methods Enzymol,2001,341:611-628.
[14] 潘冬寧,傅攀峰,王紅,等.核糖核酸酶抑制因子對H2O2損傷的大鼠神經(jīng)膠質瘤細胞系C6的影響[J].中國生物化學及分子生物學報,2002,18(6):767-771.
[15] Giuseppe,D'Alessio. Ribonucleases:Structures and Functions [M]. New York:Academic Press,1997:621-658.
[16] Botella-Estrada R,Malet G,Revert F,et al. Antitumor effect of B16 melanoma cells genetically modified with the angiogenesis inhibitor rnasin [J]. Cancer Gene Ther,2001,8:278-284.
[17] Li L,Pan XY,Shu J,et al. Ribonuclease inhibitor up-regulation inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in murine melanoma cells through repression of angiogenin and ILK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway [J]. Biochimie,2014, 103:89-100.
[18] Yao X,Li D,Xiong DM,et al. A novel role of ribonuclease inhibitor in regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ILK signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells [J]. Cell Tissue Res,2013,353(3):409-423.
[19] Moreno ML,Escobar J,Izquierdo-lvarez A,et al. Disulfide stress:a novel type of oxidative stress in acute pancreatictis [J]. Free Radic Biol Med,2014,70:265-277.
(收稿日期:2014-05-15 本文編輯:程 銘)
為證實這一推論,筆者構建了針對hri的siRNA瞬時載體pKD-dsRI介導hri基因的沉默。該載體是在H1啟動子(RNA polⅢ)的作用下,產(chǎn)生發(fā)夾樣RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)使得hri基因表達沉默或下調。本研究將構建的pKD-dsRI與載體pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri(綠色熒光蛋白融合hri基因載體)二者共轉染到HeLa細胞中,以便于檢測干擾效果。通過RT-PCR和Western blotting檢測egfp-hri基因在轉錄后水平和蛋白質水平下的表達變化。RT-PCR和Western blotting結果證明,hri基因被干涉,干擾效果達到80%,從而說明干擾hri基因的siRNA載體構建成功。
[參考文獻]
[1] Muramatsu M,Yamamoto S,Osawa T,et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling promotes mobilization of macrophage lineage cells from bone marrow and stimulates solid tumor growth [J]. Cancer Res,2010,70(20):8211-8221.
[2] Dickson. Ribonuclease inhibitor regulates neovascularization by human angiogenin [J]. Biochemi-stry,2009,48(18):3804-3806.
[3] 李坤,田余祥,陳海波,等.重組人核糖核酸酶抑制因子基因的siRNA表達載體的構建及B16細胞中基因沉默的鑒定[J].應用與環(huán)境生物學報,2007,13(4):519-522.
[4] Spencer JD,Schwaderer AL,Eichler T,et al. An endogenous ribonuclease inhibitor regulates the antimicrobial activity of ribonuclease 7 in the human urinary tract [J]. Kidney Int,2014,85(5):1179-1191.
[5] Yao X,Li D,Xiong DM,et al. A novel role of?ribonuclease inhibitor in regulation ofepithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ILK signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells [J]. Cell Tissue Res,2013,353(3):409-423.
[6] Kim YJ,Park SJ,Choi EY,et al. PTEN modulates miR-21 processing via RNA-regulatory protein RNH1 [J]. PloS One,2011,6(12):e28308.
[7] Furia A,Moscato M,Cali G,et al. The ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor is also present in mitochondria and nuclei[J]. FEBS Lett,2011,585:613-617.
[8] Jan H,Brigitte K,Renate M,et al. Amino acid sequence of the ribonuclease inhibitor from porcine liver reveals the presence of Leucine-Rich Repeats [J]. Biochemistry,1988, 27(23):8537-8544.
[9] Hutvagner G,Zamore PD. RNAi:nature abhorsa double-strand [J]. Curr Opin Genetics & Development,2002,12:225-227.
[10] Jo E,Lomax,Christopher M,et al. Functional evolution of ribonuclease inhibitor:insights from birds and reptiles [J]. Journal of Molecular Biology,2014,15:281-287.
[11] Teplova M,Wohlbold L,Khin NW,et al. Structure-function studies of cleocytoplasmic transport of retroviral genomic RNA by mRNA export factor TAP [J]. Nat Struct Mol Biol,2011,18: 990-998.
[12] Frank S,Edward A,Hai-Meng Z,et al. Primary structure of human ribonuclease inhibitor [J]. Biochemistry,1988, 27(23):8545-8553.
[13] Shapiro R. Cytoplasmic ribonuclease inhibitor [J]. Methods Enzymol,2001,341:611-628.
[14] 潘冬寧,傅攀峰,王紅,等.核糖核酸酶抑制因子對H2O2損傷的大鼠神經(jīng)膠質瘤細胞系C6的影響[J].中國生物化學及分子生物學報,2002,18(6):767-771.
[15] Giuseppe,D'Alessio. Ribonucleases:Structures and Functions [M]. New York:Academic Press,1997:621-658.
[16] Botella-Estrada R,Malet G,Revert F,et al. Antitumor effect of B16 melanoma cells genetically modified with the angiogenesis inhibitor rnasin [J]. Cancer Gene Ther,2001,8:278-284.
[17] Li L,Pan XY,Shu J,et al. Ribonuclease inhibitor up-regulation inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in murine melanoma cells through repression of angiogenin and ILK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway [J]. Biochimie,2014, 103:89-100.
[18] Yao X,Li D,Xiong DM,et al. A novel role of ribonuclease inhibitor in regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ILK signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells [J]. Cell Tissue Res,2013,353(3):409-423.
[19] Moreno ML,Escobar J,Izquierdo-lvarez A,et al. Disulfide stress:a novel type of oxidative stress in acute pancreatictis [J]. Free Radic Biol Med,2014,70:265-277.
(收稿日期:2014-05-15 本文編輯:程 銘)
為證實這一推論,筆者構建了針對hri的siRNA瞬時載體pKD-dsRI介導hri基因的沉默。該載體是在H1啟動子(RNA polⅢ)的作用下,產(chǎn)生發(fā)夾樣RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)使得hri基因表達沉默或下調。本研究將構建的pKD-dsRI與載體pLNCX-EGFP-C1-hri(綠色熒光蛋白融合hri基因載體)二者共轉染到HeLa細胞中,以便于檢測干擾效果。通過RT-PCR和Western blotting檢測egfp-hri基因在轉錄后水平和蛋白質水平下的表達變化。RT-PCR和Western blotting結果證明,hri基因被干涉,干擾效果達到80%,從而說明干擾hri基因的siRNA載體構建成功。
[參考文獻]
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(收稿日期:2014-05-15 本文編輯:程 銘)