徐陽
順鉑對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖及侵襲能力的影響
徐陽
目的探討順鉑對(duì)人結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞SW480增殖及侵襲力的影響。方法以SW480細(xì)胞為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)定未經(jīng)處理的SW480細(xì)胞為對(duì)照組,給予不同濃度順鉑進(jìn)行不同時(shí)間干預(yù),應(yīng)用MTT法、Transwell侵襲小室、定磷法檢測(cè)SW480細(xì)胞的增殖、侵襲力及Na+-K+-ATP酶活性。結(jié)果生理濃度順鉑(70 μmol/L)在48 h即可抑制SW480細(xì)胞的增殖,與72和96 h相比抑制率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;70 μmol/L順鉑處理48 h時(shí),即可降低穿越Matrigel膜基質(zhì)的細(xì)胞數(shù);分別采用17.5、35、70和140μmol/L4個(gè)梯度濃度的順鉑作用于SW480細(xì)胞48 h后,35、70和140μmol/L組細(xì)胞中Na+-K+-ATP酶活性均顯著升高,且順鉑濃度達(dá)70μmol/L時(shí)Na+-K+-ATP酶即可達(dá)到較高活性。結(jié)論Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的降低可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲能力調(diào)節(jié)作用減弱,可能與結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞SW480耐順鉑有關(guān)。
結(jié)直腸腫瘤;順鉑;細(xì)胞增殖;腫瘤侵潤;抗藥性,腫瘤;SW480;Na+-K+-ATP酶
結(jié)直腸癌是目前最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,且發(fā)病率有逐年上升趨勢(shì)[1]。腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移是一個(gè)涉及多因素和多步驟調(diào)控的過程,而通過侵襲穿過基底膜則是轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生的開始[2]。據(jù)報(bào)道,結(jié)直腸癌病死數(shù)約占2012年美國癌癥總死亡數(shù)的9%[3]。順鉑是目前治療實(shí)體瘤的一線藥物,臨床應(yīng)用廣泛,然而其耐藥性成為應(yīng)用的瓶頸[4]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤細(xì)胞胞內(nèi)順鉑蓄積的減少是其對(duì)順鉑產(chǎn)生耐藥性的機(jī)制之一,而結(jié)直腸癌常伴有Na+-K+-ATP酶活性下降及其亞單位異常表達(dá)[5],但其是否和順鉑耐藥有關(guān)尚不明確。本研究旨在探討順鉑對(duì)SW480細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲作用的影響及Na+-K+-ATP酶活性和表達(dá)的差異。
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料人結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞SW480購自中國科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞庫,DMEM培養(yǎng)基及胎牛血清(FBS)購自美國GIBCO公司;噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)購自美國AMRESCO公司;Transwell小室(8 μm)購自美國Millipore公司;Matrigel購自美國BD公司;Na+-K+-ATP酶試劑盒購自南京建成生物工程研究所。
1.2 方法
1.2.1MTT法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞的增殖將SW480細(xì)胞均按3×103/孔,接種于96孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板,待細(xì)胞的融合度為70%~80%時(shí),分別加入含70 μmol/L順鉑的培養(yǎng)基孵育24、48、72及96 h,每時(shí)點(diǎn)重復(fù)6孔;同時(shí)設(shè)不加順鉑的對(duì)照組,各組每孔加入5 g/L MTT 20 μL,繼續(xù)孵育4 h,棄掉培養(yǎng)基,每孔加入150 μL二甲基亞砜(DMSO),震蕩10 min,酶標(biāo)儀上檢測(cè)570 nm的光密度(OD)值,并計(jì)算抑制率。抑制率=(對(duì)照組OD值-處理組OD值)/對(duì)照組OD值×100%。以上試驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次并取平均值。
1.2.2 細(xì)胞侵襲能力的檢測(cè)取100 μL稀釋液加入Transwell上室中,并在小室底部均勻涂抹一層稀釋的Matrigel膜基質(zhì),放入細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中30 min,將Transwell小室倒置。取100 μL細(xì)胞懸液加在底面上,放入細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中12 h,然后將Transwell小室放入24孔培養(yǎng)板中,上室加入培養(yǎng)基,下室加入牛血清白蛋白(BSA)培養(yǎng)基,再放入細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)72 h。試驗(yàn)設(shè)濃度分別為17.5、35、70、140μmol/L的順鉑處理SW480細(xì)胞48 h,同時(shí)設(shè)不加順鉑的對(duì)照組。于下室中的BSA培養(yǎng)基中加入含有以上不同濃度的順鉑500 μL。取出Transwell小室,棄去培養(yǎng)液,用棉簽擦拭小室底面除去未穿過細(xì)胞,用PBS浸洗2次,每個(gè)Transwell上室均加入Wright-Giemsa A液放置10 min后,再加入Wright-Giemsa B液染色10 min,用MiliQ水除去染料。在倒置顯微鏡下隨機(jī)讀取5個(gè)視野,計(jì)算每視野內(nèi)的細(xì)胞數(shù),實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次取平均值。
1.2.3Na+-K+-ATP酶活性測(cè)定在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)瓶中接種細(xì)胞,分別加入17.5、35、70、140μmol/L的順鉑培養(yǎng)48 h,收集細(xì)胞,超聲破碎,測(cè)定蛋白總量。采用定磷法測(cè)定Na+-K+-ATP酶活性,其測(cè)定原理為ATP酶可以分解ATP生成ADP和無機(jī)磷,而根據(jù)測(cè)定反應(yīng)后1 h無機(jī)磷[μmol(/h·mg)]的量即可判斷出Na+-K+-ATP酶活力的高低。實(shí)驗(yàn)操作嚴(yán)格按試劑盒說明操作。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)形式表示,組間比較采用單因素方差分析,多重比較采用LSD-t法。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 順鉑對(duì)SW480細(xì)胞增殖活力的影響生理濃度的順鉑(70μmol/L)在24、48、72和96 h時(shí)間均能顯著抑制SW480細(xì)胞的增殖,48 h時(shí)即可達(dá)到較高的抑制細(xì)胞增殖活力,且抑制效果不隨作用時(shí)間的延長而增加,見表1。
Tab.1 Effects of Cisplatin on the proliferation of SW480 cells at different time points表1 不同時(shí)間順鉑對(duì)SW480細(xì)胞增殖抑制率的影響(%,±s)
Tab.1 Effects of Cisplatin on the proliferation of SW480 cells at different time points表1 不同時(shí)間順鉑對(duì)SW480細(xì)胞增殖抑制率的影響(%,±s)
*P<0.05;a與(1)組比較,P<0.05
組別70μmol/L 24 h組(1)70μmol/L 48 h組(2)70μmol/L 72 h組(3)70μmol/L 96 h組(4)F n3333抑制率33.65±2.85 42.85±3.27a35.28±3.78 37.63±4.25 5.553*
2.2 順鉑對(duì)SW480細(xì)胞侵襲力的影響70和140 μmol/L順鉑作用SW480細(xì)胞48 h,穿越Matrigel膜基質(zhì)的細(xì)胞數(shù)較17.5和35μmol/L組下降,表明低濃度順鉑對(duì)SW480的侵襲能力影響不大,而高濃度能夠降低SW480細(xì)胞的侵襲能力,見表2。
Tab.2 Effects of different concentrations of Cisplatin on migrating of SW480 cells表2 不同濃度順鉑對(duì)SW480細(xì)胞侵襲力的影響(±s)
Tab.2 Effects of different concentrations of Cisplatin on migrating of SW480 cells表2 不同濃度順鉑對(duì)SW480細(xì)胞侵襲力的影響(±s)
*P<0.05;a與(1)組比,b與(2)組比,c與(3)組比較,P<0.05
組別對(duì)照組(1)17.5μmol/L48 h組(2)35μmol/L48 h組(3)70μmol/L48 h組(4)140μmol/L48 h組(5)F n66666細(xì)胞數(shù)48.16±4.58 40.64±4.37a36.23±3.67a27.18±3.30abc24.62±3.04abc4.456*
2.3Na+-K+-ATP酶活性檢測(cè)17.5~140μmol/L 4個(gè)梯度濃度的順鉑作用于SW480細(xì)胞48 h后,35、 70和140μmol/L組細(xì)胞中Na+-K+-ATP酶活性均顯著升高,且順鉑濃度達(dá)70μmol/L時(shí)Na+-K+-ATP酶即可達(dá)到較高活性,見表3。
Tab.3 Effects of different concentrations of Cisplatin on Na+-K+-ATPase activity of SW480 cells表3 不同濃度的順鉑對(duì)SW480細(xì)胞中Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影響[μmol(/h·mg),±s]
Tab.3 Effects of different concentrations of Cisplatin on Na+-K+-ATPase activity of SW480 cells表3 不同濃度的順鉑對(duì)SW480細(xì)胞中Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影響[μmol(/h·mg),±s]
*P<0.05;a與(1)組比,b與(2)組比,c與(3)組比較,P<0.05
組別對(duì)照組(1)17.5μmol/L48 h組(2)35μmol/L48 h組(3)70μmol/L48 h組(4)140μmol/L48 h組(5)F n33333 Na+-K+-ATP酶活性8.38±0.41 9.36±0.62 10.27±0.54a11.35±0.48abc11.76±0.43abc5.553*
3.1Na+-K+-ATP酶與順鉑的作用機(jī)制如何減少順鉑耐藥的發(fā)生,增強(qiáng)化療藥物的敏感性是醫(yī)學(xué)研究的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域[6]。細(xì)胞膜上Na+-K+-ATP酶是由多種功能相關(guān)的多肽鏈所組成的蛋白多聚體,可催化Na+、K+跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),在哺乳動(dòng)物均有發(fā)現(xiàn)。Na+-K+-ATP酶參與細(xì)胞的多種基本生理活動(dòng),研究證實(shí)Na+-K+-ATP酶首先產(chǎn)生電化學(xué)梯度,然后調(diào)節(jié)順鉑進(jìn)入多種細(xì)胞[7-8]。有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)在順鉑作為人舌癌細(xì)胞(HSC-3)、人口腔鱗癌細(xì)胞(BHY)中Na+-K+-ATP酶特異性抑制劑,可以顯著減少其在細(xì)胞內(nèi)的蓄積,并且耐順鉑細(xì)胞系BHY細(xì)胞的Na+-K+-ATP酶活性顯著低于順鉑敏感系HSC-3細(xì)胞,證明順鉑在細(xì)胞內(nèi)的蓄積可能與Na+-K+-ATP酶及其活性有關(guān)[9]。目前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Na+-K+-ATP酶有許多亞基,其中α亞基主要起催化作用,是其主要功能亞基和活性中心;β亞基主要起調(diào)節(jié)作用,對(duì)維持Na+-K+-ATP酶活性起著重要作用[10]。近年研究表明,Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的改變和基因的異常表達(dá)與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展有著十分密切的聯(lián)系,α和β亞基的表達(dá)水平對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)某些腫瘤的預(yù)后有著重要意義[11]。
3.2Na+-K+-ATP酶活性與順鉑的關(guān)系本研究表明生理濃度的順鉑(70 μmol/L)在24、48、72和96 h時(shí)均能顯著抑制SW480細(xì)胞的增殖,48 h時(shí)抑制率最高;低濃度順鉑對(duì)SW480的侵襲能力影響不大,而高濃度能夠降低SW480細(xì)胞的侵襲能力。已有實(shí)驗(yàn)證明Na+-K+-ATP酶α1、β1亞基和順鉑進(jìn)入腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)的過程有關(guān),并且這兩種亞基的高表達(dá)和順鉑敏感性有關(guān)[12]。推測(cè)順鉑可能通過影響其某一亞基的表達(dá)而影響酶的活性,進(jìn)而影響了順鉑進(jìn)入細(xì)胞內(nèi)這一過程,從而表現(xiàn)出順鉑敏感性的變化。這有待進(jìn)一步采用RT-PCR方法研究證實(shí)。
綜上所述,Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的降低可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞增殖和侵襲能力調(diào)節(jié)作用減弱,可能與結(jié)直腸癌細(xì)胞SW480耐順鉑有關(guān),檢測(cè)其活性對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌的診斷和預(yù)后具有重要價(jià)值。
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(2013-10-30收稿2014-03-20修回)
(本文編輯李鵬)
Effects of Cisplatin on Proliferation and Invasion of Colorectal Cancer Cells
XU Yang
Department of Colorectal Surgery,The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300211,China
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cisplatin on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cell line SW480.MethodsSW480 cells were used as the research object,and untreated SW480 cells were used as the control group.Different concentrations of cisplatin was given at different times to intervene.The MTT,Transwell chamber and phosphate determination methods were used to detect proliferation,invasion and Na+-K+-ATPase activity expression level in SW480 cells.ResultsThe physiological concentration of cisplatin(70μmol/L)inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells at 48 h.There was no significant difference in the inhibition rate at 48 h compared with 72 h and 96 h.Treatment with 70 μmol/L cisplatin for 48 h reduced the number of cells through Matrigel membrane matrix.The Na+-K+-ATPase activity was significantly increased in 35,70 and 140μmol/L cells after treatment with 17.5,35,70 and 140μmol/L of cisplatin in SW480 cells for 48 h,and Na+-K+-ATPase reached the highest level at 70μmol/L of cisplatin.ConclusionThe decreased activity of Na+-K+-ATPase may lead to the attenuation in proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells,which may be associated with cisplatin resistance in colorectal cancer cell SW480.
colorectal neoplasms;cisplatin;cell proliferation;neoplasm invasiveness;drug resistance,neoplasm;SW480;Na+-K+-ATPase
R349.5,R735.34
A
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2014.07.004
天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院肛腸外科(郵編300211)