倪奕+王樂民+沈玉芹+車琳+張啟萍+李廣鶴
[摘 要] 目的 探討抑郁對冠心?。–HD)患者生存質量?運動耐
力的影響程度?
方法 131例CHD患者由本人獨立填寫完成貝克抑郁自評量表(BDI)和簡明
健康測量量表(SF_36)?根據BDI評分將患者分為抑郁組(n=34)?非抑郁組(n=97)并
分別行心肺運動試驗(CPET)?
結果 (1)131例CHD患者SF_36各維度均低于中國常模,除社會功能外各
維度有顯著差異(P<0.01),抑郁組CHD患者SF_36各維度得分均低于非抑郁組患者,
除生理功能?生理職能外各維度有顯著差異(P<0.05,或P<0.01)?(2)抑
郁組CHD患者CPET結果中峰值氧耗量(VO2peak)?無氧代謝閾值氧耗量(VO2AT)?無氧代
謝閾值負荷(LoadAT)均低于非抑郁組,分別為VO2peak:(17.3±1.7)ml·kg-
1·m
in-1比(18.6±2.9)ml·kg-1·min-1,P<0.05;VO2AT:(12.
0±1.7)ml·kg-1·min-1比(13.2±2.2)ml·kg-1·min-1,
P<0.01;LoadAT:(30.7±11.4)J·s-1比(36.0±13.9)J·s-1
,P<
0.05?(3)CHD患者SF_36與運動耐力有相關性(P<0.05);SF_36各維度得分
與BDI評分有顯著負相關性(P<0.05);BDI評分與CPET結果中VO2peak?VO2AT?
LoadAT有顯著負相關性(P<0.05)?
結論 合并抑郁的冠心病患者生存質量和運動耐力下降,抑郁與冠心病患
者生存質量和運動耐力密切相關?
[關鍵詞] 冠狀動脈疾??;抑郁;生存質量;運動耐力;心肺運動試
驗
中圖分類號:R541.4
文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1009_816X
(2014)01_0005_04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009_816x.2014.01.03
Effects of Depression on Quality of Life and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with
Coronary Heart Disease.
NI Yi, WANG Le_min, SHEN Yu_qin, et al. Department of cardiology, Tingyi Hos
pital, Shanghai 200065,China
[Abstract] Objective To explore effects of depression on quali
ty of life and exercise toler
ance in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
Methods 131 patients with C
HD completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the MOS 36_ Item Short_From Hea
lth survey(SF_36)independently. According to the scores of BDI, the patients
were divided into depression group (n=34) and non_depression group (n=97). Both
groups were given cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).
Results (1) Compared with Chinese norms, the scores on all subsc
ales of SF_ 36 in 131 patients with CHD were lower, and there were sign
ificant differences on all subscales of SF_36 except that related to social func
tion (P<0.01). Furthermore, the scores on all subscales of SF_36 in depr
ession
group were lower than non_depression group, there were significant differences
on all subscales of SF_36 except those related to physical function and physi
cal role (P<0.05, or P<0.01). (2) The peak oxygen consumption (VO
2peak:), thres
hold of oxygen consumption of anaerobic metabolism (VO2AT), threshold anaerobi
c metabolism load (LoadAT) in depression group were lower than those in no
n_depression. VO2peak:(17.3±1.7)ml·kg-1·min-1 vs. (18.6
±2.9)ml·kg-1·min-1, P<0.05; VO2AT:(12.0±1.7)ml·kg
-1·min-1 vs.(13.2±2.2)ml·kg-1·min-1,P<0.01;
LoadAT:(30.7±11.4)J·s-1 vs.(36.0±13.9)J·s-1,P<0
.05.(3)
In patients with CHD, the scores of SF_36 and exercise tolerance were significan
tly correlated (P<0.05); the scores on all subscales of SF_36 measured by B
DI were significantly negatively correlated (P<
0.05); the
scores measured by BDI and VO2peak, VO2AT, LoadAT during CPET were sig
nificantly negatively correlated (P<0.05).
Conclusions Quality of life and exercise toler
ance of patients with CHD complicating depression decreased severely, and qualit
y of life and exercise tolerance closely related to depression.
[Key words] Coronary heart disease; Depression; Quality of lif
e; Exercise tolerance; Cardiopulmonary exercise test
冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。╟oronary heart disease,CHD),簡稱冠心病,是一種公
認的心身疾病,其發(fā)生?發(fā)展以及預后均和心理社會因素有著密切的聯系[1~3]?
國外研究
發(fā)現,冠心病患者心血管系統功能易受精神因素的影響,抑郁?焦慮等負性情緒在冠心病患
者中普遍存在[4]?其中抑郁情緒自20年前開始就被認為是冠心病獨立的危險因素
,近15年
來抑郁還被認為是導致冠心病死亡的危險因素[5]?本研究初步探究抑郁情緒對冠
心病患者生存質量?運動耐力的影響,為冠心病患者系統性康復提供依據?
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料:研究對象為2012年12月至2013年7月,在同濟醫(yī)院心內科接受治
療并進行康復的131例冠心病患者,經心肌同位素檢測?超聲心動圖,或冠狀動脈造影確診
為冠心病?心功能NYHA分級Ⅱ~Ⅲ級?患者無智力障礙,有認知能力,語言清晰,能較好地
進行語言溝通,并排除既往
有神經精神疾病史?嚴重認知功能障礙及檢查不合作者?小學文化程度以下患者?131例患
者中男103人,女28人;年齡40~70(57.3±7.5)歲?患者一般資料構成情況見表1?
所有患者試驗前均經介紹研究流程,簽訂知情同意書?本研究通過同濟大學附屬同濟醫(yī)院倫
理委員會審批,倫理委員會批件文號為LL(H)_08_13,并在中國臨床試驗中心注冊?
1.2 方法:
1.2.1 調查方法:使用自制的調查表,由本研究第一作者對被調查者實施面訪?調查內
容包括患者的基本情況:姓名?性別?出生年月?文化程度?職業(yè)?婚姻?診斷?病史及
BMI等?由患者本人在安靜環(huán)境下獨立填寫完成貝克抑郁自評量表(BDI)[6]:BDI
對每個問題做出0到3的評分?總分為0~39分?總分
≤4分,無抑郁或極輕
微;5~13分,輕度抑郁;14~20分,中度抑郁;≥21分,重度抑郁?將131例患者中BDI評
分≥5分的34例定為抑郁組,<5分的97例定為無抑郁組?兩組患者均獨立填寫完成由美國波
士頓健康研究所研制的簡明健康測量量表(SF_36)[7]:包括36個條目,分為8個維度
,分別為生理功能(PF)?生理職能(RP)?軀體疼痛(BP)?總體健康(GH)?活力(VT)?社會功
能(SF)?情感職能(RE)和精神健康(MH)?生活質量各維度分值記分方法運用累加法
,按最后分值計算原始分數,再用標準公式計算轉換分數為0~100的標準分?得分越高,
生存質量越好?
1.2.2 CPET:心肺運動試驗(cardiopulmonary exercise test,CPET)包括心電圖負荷
試驗和運動時氣體代謝分析?采用的儀器包括丹麥Innovision公司生產的氣體再呼吸系統?
美國通用公司生產的運動測試系統負荷Ramp10方案,患者試驗開始后的每一次呼出的氣體均
被氣體再呼吸系統連續(xù)監(jiān)測?無氧代謝閾值氧耗量(VO2AT)用V_slope方法判定?所有受
試者均能耐受心肺運動試驗,無1例出現明顯的不良反應?
1.3 統計學處理:采用SPSS 21.0軟件進行統計分析,計量資料均以(
3 討論
冠心病是常見的心血管系統疾病,隨著人們生活水平的提高和生活方式的改變,其發(fā)病率和
病死率呈迅速上升趨勢,現已成為中國居民死因增速最快的疾病[9]?冠心病具有
遷延不愈?反復發(fā)作的特征,而抑郁作為冠心病獨立的危險因素,不僅與冠心病的發(fā)生?發(fā)
展有著密切的聯系,還會影響冠心病的預后,降低患者的生存時間和生存質量[10]
?
Belardinelli等[11]報道118例經皮冠狀動脈介入(PCI)治療的冠心病患者進
行為期6月的運動康復?術后血管再狹窄率沒有受運動康復的影響,但訓練組的患者峰值耗
氧量增加26%,生活質量參數提高27%?Swardfager等[12]報道366例冠心病康復患
者中
輕度抑郁占22.3%,明顯抑郁占10.4%,6.3%的患者服用抗抑郁藥?與抑郁積分的相關預
測因素為低VO2peak?低年齡?女性?低最大舒張壓?心絞痛和服用抗抑郁藥?
VO2peak和VO2AT是運動耐力最常用的指標,VO2pea
k的下降與氧傳輸(心排量?血液攜氧能力)?肺通氣效率?組織攝氧能力?肌肉骨骼功能
有關,VO2peak的減少說明運動耐力下降?在臨床試驗中,由于主?客觀因素,導致患
者不能或不愿執(zhí)行最大運動試驗量,而VO2AT?VE/VCO2等指標可以從亞極量運動試驗
中得出,因此VO2peak結合VO2AT?VE/VCO2評價
運動耐力更為客觀?
本研究共納入131例冠心病患者?研究發(fā)現,冠心病患者的生存質量下降,而且抑郁組冠心
病患者生存質量較非抑郁組患者進一步下降,通過相關分析證實冠心病患者生存質量與運動
耐力密切相關?在相關分析中我們同樣證實,抑郁對冠心病患者的生存質量有重要影響,本
研究與國內外相關研究的結論
一致?我們還發(fā)現抑郁組冠心病患者運動耐力低于非抑郁組患者,并且通過相關分
析證實抑郁與冠心病患者運動耐力密切相關?本研究中,冠心病患者中抑郁的發(fā)
病率為26%,明顯高于正常人群中抑郁的發(fā)病率,本研究結果也與國內外其他類似研究結果
相一致?
歐美發(fā)達國家在20世紀80?90年代已經率先開展以運動療法為核心的心臟康復,心臟康復能
夠明顯改善患者運動耐力?降低心血管疾病死亡率?提高患者的生活質量[13]?國
內外學者
的很多研究也證實,以運動訓練?心理干預和教育督導等方式為主的心臟康復可從多種途徑
有效地改善冠心病患者的抑郁?焦慮情緒,從而使患者獲得最大的治療效益[14]?
以CPET為評估方法的心臟有氧運動康復,在我國剛剛起步,運動康復對于冠心病患者的負性
情緒?生存質量?運動耐力的改善,無疑為心臟病患者生活質量的提高帶來福音?
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after coronary angioplasty: the ETICA trial[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2001,37(
7):1891-1900.
[12]Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Dowiati Y, et al. Relationship between cardiop
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h coronary artery disease[J]. J Rehabil Med,2008,40(3):213-218.
[13]Balady GJ, Williams MA, Ades PA, et al. Core components cardiac rehabil
itation/secondary prevention progams: 2007 update: a scientific statement form
the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Preventi
on Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascul
ar Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, a
nd Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Reh
abilitation Circulation[J].Circulation,2007,115(20):2675-2682.
[14]馬躍文,劉暢.心臟康復對于冠心病患者抑郁?焦慮情緒改善的研究進展[J].中國
康復理論與實踐,2012,18(2):141-143.
2396.
[5]Nader Monirpooraa, Mohammad Ali Besharatbb, Helen Khoosficc, et al. T
he role o
f illness perception in predicting post_CHD depression in patients under CABG an
d PCI[J]. Procedia_Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,32:74-78.
[6]張明圓.精神科評定量表手冊[M].第1版.長沙:湖南科學技術出版社,1998:35-133.
[7]Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M. SF_36Health Survey: Manu_al and Interpretat
ion Guide[M]. Boston,MA: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center,
1993:5-224.
[8]王紅妹,李魯,沈毅.中文版SF_36量表用于杭州市區(qū)居民生命質量研究[J].中華預
防醫(yī)學雜志,2001,35(6):428-430.
[9]Moran A, Zhao D, Gu D, et al. The future impact of population growth and
aging on comnar3,heart disease in China:projections from the Coronary Heart Di
sease Policy Model_China[J]. BMC Public Health,2008,8:394.
[10]Dudek D, Datka W, Iwek MS, et al. The quality of life related to depres
sive symptoms in coronary artery disease patients after successful coronary angi
oplasty: one_year follow up[J]. Psychiatr Pol,2007,41(2):229-242.
[11]Belardinelli R, Paolini I, Cianci G, et al. Exercise training intervention
after coronary angioplasty: the ETICA trial[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2001,37(
7):1891-1900.
[12]Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Dowiati Y, et al. Relationship between cardiop
ul_monary fitness and depressive symptoms in cardiac rehabilitation patients wit
h coronary artery disease[J]. J Rehabil Med,2008,40(3):213-218.
[13]Balady GJ, Williams MA, Ades PA, et al. Core components cardiac rehabil
itation/secondary prevention progams: 2007 update: a scientific statement form
the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Preventi
on Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascul
ar Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, a
nd Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Reh
abilitation Circulation[J].Circulation,2007,115(20):2675-2682.
[14]馬躍文,劉暢.心臟康復對于冠心病患者抑郁?焦慮情緒改善的研究進展[J].中國
康復理論與實踐,2012,18(2):141-143.
2396.
[5]Nader Monirpooraa, Mohammad Ali Besharatbb, Helen Khoosficc, et al. T
he role o
f illness perception in predicting post_CHD depression in patients under CABG an
d PCI[J]. Procedia_Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,32:74-78.
[6]張明圓.精神科評定量表手冊[M].第1版.長沙:湖南科學技術出版社,1998:35-133.
[7]Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M. SF_36Health Survey: Manu_al and Interpretat
ion Guide[M]. Boston,MA: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center,
1993:5-224.
[8]王紅妹,李魯,沈毅.中文版SF_36量表用于杭州市區(qū)居民生命質量研究[J].中華預
防醫(yī)學雜志,2001,35(6):428-430.
[9]Moran A, Zhao D, Gu D, et al. The future impact of population growth and
aging on comnar3,heart disease in China:projections from the Coronary Heart Di
sease Policy Model_China[J]. BMC Public Health,2008,8:394.
[10]Dudek D, Datka W, Iwek MS, et al. The quality of life related to depres
sive symptoms in coronary artery disease patients after successful coronary angi
oplasty: one_year follow up[J]. Psychiatr Pol,2007,41(2):229-242.
[11]Belardinelli R, Paolini I, Cianci G, et al. Exercise training intervention
after coronary angioplasty: the ETICA trial[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2001,37(
7):1891-1900.
[12]Swardfager W, Herrmann N, Dowiati Y, et al. Relationship between cardiop
ul_monary fitness and depressive symptoms in cardiac rehabilitation patients wit
h coronary artery disease[J]. J Rehabil Med,2008,40(3):213-218.
[13]Balady GJ, Williams MA, Ades PA, et al. Core components cardiac rehabil
itation/secondary prevention progams: 2007 update: a scientific statement form
the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Preventi
on Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascul
ar Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, a
nd Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Reh
abilitation Circulation[J].Circulation,2007,115(20):2675-2682.
[14]馬躍文,劉暢.心臟康復對于冠心病患者抑郁?焦慮情緒改善的研究進展[J].中國
康復理論與實踐,2012,18(2):141-143.