定制：關(guān)于挪威當代建筑

《世界建筑》的讀者朋友，

本期《世界建筑》關(guān)注挪威建筑師。

斯堪的納維亞建筑和北歐的社會體系一樣，在當今世界上受到越來越多的重視。這里的一個明顯的原因是，在人口日益稠密、資源日益短缺、環(huán)境日益惡化的全球壓力下，北歐的情形幾乎獨善其身得令人妒忌：明媚的陽光，清潔的空氣，豐富的淡水，相對均勻分配的財富，以及極少人工痕跡的自然——所有在世界上其他地方匱乏的，他們似乎都擁有得“太”多。

挪威是世界上最接近北極的國家，也在某些方面把北歐的特點發(fā)揮到了極致。近30年滾滾而來的石油財富非但未使挪威步入奢靡揮霍國家的陣營，反而在其清新的勤儉記憶與獨特的政治經(jīng)濟角色（挪威不是歐元國家，不是歐盟成員，卻是歐洲自由貿(mào)易協(xié)會和歐洲經(jīng)濟區(qū)的成員）作用下，造就了一種自足的平均社會。這一方面使財富更多地流向社會各方面的精細化提升，另一方面也使挪威的很多行業(yè)在高福利和高成本的約束下，難于深入地介入國際競爭。

至少對于建筑來講，這使得挪威建筑師的創(chuàng)作在相當長的時間內(nèi)享受著事實上的地域性，較少受全球化的影響。當別人不停地糾結(jié)于如何在全球化時代尋找自身識別性的困擾時，挪威建筑師在數(shù)十年來卻是在自然而然地詮釋著自己鮮明的識別性：獨有的對自然（哪怕是嚴酷的自然）和天然的鐘愛，以及通過天然與人工的親密并置創(chuàng)造詩意的可能。

本期的主題“定制”所表述的正是挪威建筑師的這一詮釋過程。□

張利

《世界建筑》主編（2013-）清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院教授

Dear Reader,

In this issue of World Architecture we focus on the recent works of Norwegian architects.

Scandinavian architecture has been in highlight in the world for a while, as well as Scandinavian social structure. An obvious cause to this is that the Northern European nations are enjoying a situation so desirable that it is being envied everywhere else: while the Scandinavians are having more than abundance of clean air, ample water, evenly distributed wealth, and the untouched nature, the rest of the world is crying out in their shortages.

Being the most northern country, Norway represents the Scandinavian character in extreme. Thirty years of pouring oil income hasn't driven Norwegians to lavish life styles. Instead, with the help of a fresh memory of frugality and a unique political-economic position (not being a member of the EU or the Euro zone, but a EFTA member therefore a EEA member), Norway has become a self-sustained modern society. A big chunk of the oil income goes to the qualitative improvements in multiple social aspects while in many trades, the Norwegians are kept away from international competition due to the high cost and high social welfare.

At least to Architecture, this isn't bad news at all. Norwegian architects have long been enjoying an un-distracted exploration of unmistakable identity, while architects from other countries struggle to keep or even to find their identities. Norwegian architects have never lost their preoccupations: the love of nature (even atrocious nature) and the naturemade, the immediate juxtaposition of the nature-made and the man-made, and the route to poetics of place through this juxtaposition.

The title of this issue "custom made", is exactly about the process of this exploration. □

Li (Brian) zhang

Editor-in-Chief (2013-), World Architecture Professor of Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University