【摘 要】本文對(duì)倒裝句展開分析講解,主要從全部倒裝,部分倒樁和其他倒裝句式進(jìn)行分類講解。
【關(guān)鍵詞】倒裝句 全部倒裝 部分倒裝 特殊句式
中圖分類號(hào):G4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0407.2013.10.050
英語(yǔ)的基本句型是主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。如果將主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)調(diào)換, 稱倒裝句。倒裝句分全倒裝句和半倒裝句。
一、全倒裝
1.當(dāng)here, there, out, in, up, down, over,away等副詞放在句首時(shí), 句子需全倒裝:
There goes the bell! 鈴響了!There lived an old man.
2.當(dāng):next to, inside, among, nearby, between, under, in front of, behind,等方位狀語(yǔ)置句首時(shí),句子全部倒裝,如;In front of the house stopped a police car.
3.直接引語(yǔ)在句首, 這種情況可倒裝也可不倒裝。\"What does it mean?\" asked the boy或the boy asked.
4.表時(shí)間的now/then置句首時(shí),而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又是come.go.begin時(shí),則句子全倒。
例如:Now comes your turn to recite the text.
5.such位于句首時(shí),句子全部倒裝。
例如:Such are the results of the experiments.
二、半倒裝: (即部分倒裝)
1.當(dāng): little,never,not, no, hardly, rarely, seldom, nowhere,by no means, at no time, in no way, not until等表否定意義的詞置句首時(shí),句子部分倒裝。例如:Never shall I forget you.
2.幾對(duì)并列連詞如not only…but also, hardly… when等連接兩個(gè)并列句, 連詞在句首, 前句半倒裝, 后句不倒裝: No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.注:
①not only…but also連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)不倒裝, 如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首時(shí), 前后兩句都需倒裝,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3. only在句首強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ), 主句半倒裝:Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
注意: only強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)不倒裝:Only the teachers can use the room.
4.so…that句型, so在句首時(shí), 主句倒裝, that從句不倒裝:So easy is it that a clild can learn it.
5.頻度副詞:seldom, often, always, never, many a time, well, now and again 等置句首時(shí),句子部分倒裝。例如:Seldom do they watch TV duiring the day.
三、其他倒裝句式
1.在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)里,there是引導(dǎo)詞,主語(yǔ)在be后。
在“there+be”結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)不用be , 而用表示類似“存在”觀念的其他不及物動(dòng)詞。如:live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。e.g. There is a box on the table.
2.在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中,條件從句的謂語(yǔ)含有were,had 和should這三個(gè)詞是,可省去if,將這些詞移至主語(yǔ)之前。e.g. Had I time(= If I had time),I would go and help you.
3.重復(fù)倒裝句型,用在以so,nor,neither開頭,表示謂語(yǔ)所述的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句,表示“也一樣”“也這樣”;nor,neither用于否定句,表示“同樣也不,也不這樣”。e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.
表示兩人的同樣一個(gè)情況時(shí),只能表示一件事,即上、下句所使用的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
否則要用so it is with…; His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
4.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要倒裝(形容詞/副詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞+ as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))。e.g. Proud as they are,they are afraid to see me.
5.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。e.g. May you succeed!
6.為了保持句子的平蘅或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),或使上下文緊密銜接,把它們放在句首用倒裝句。該結(jié)構(gòu)不需加助動(dòng)詞。East of the town lies a beautiful lake.
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]華東師范大學(xué)主編《中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究》.
[2]華中師范夥卦主辦$《中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)》高三版, 2009年第一期.
[3]李亁峰主編,《課程教材教學(xué)研究》,2005年第48、49期.