詞匯是語言學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。所以如果學(xué)生沒有一定的詞匯基礎(chǔ),對他們的聽、說、讀、寫能力的培養(yǎng)就無從談起。在一定程度上,詞匯量決定著學(xué)生英語水平的高低。詞匯量不足也成為高中生在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中遇到的“攔路虎”,常導(dǎo)致他們停滯不前,甚至因此而放棄學(xué)習(xí)英語。由此可見,詞匯學(xué)習(xí)十分重要。對于高三學(xué)生而言,如何擴大詞匯量,如何進行高中英語課堂詞匯有效復(fù)習(xí)?本文結(jié)合課例,就如何讓高三學(xué)生在有限的課堂時間內(nèi)進行有效的詞匯復(fù)習(xí),談?wù)勛约旱目捶ā?/p>
一般情況下,高三的英語復(fù)習(xí)是通過三輪來完成的。一輪復(fù)習(xí)是最全面、最基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)習(xí),二輪是語法專項復(fù)習(xí),最后一輪是應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)。而詞匯復(fù)習(xí)是放在第一輪復(fù)習(xí)里作為重要內(nèi)容來進行的。首先應(yīng)認真研究考綱及考試說明,把大綱所要考查的重點詞匯、短語及語法知識落實到教材中,在教材的語境中加深對這些重點、難點和考點的理解和記憶。其次,要對單元話題進行回顧和反思,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進行討論和拓展,加強學(xué)生的文化背景和知識儲備,為將來的書面表達服務(wù)。接下來的這一堂課就是一輪詞匯復(fù)習(xí)課的一個縮影,內(nèi)容是人教版選修6Unit1 Art詞匯復(fù)習(xí)。
1. 詞匯復(fù)習(xí)必須融入教材語境,不可脫離教材
根據(jù)《課程標準》,《考試大綱》及《浙江省普通高考考試說明》,本單元要求的詞匯及短語有abstract, aim, evident, possess/possession, adopt, appeal, attempt, preference和a great deal of, on the one hand…on the other hand等等。針對這些詞匯和短語,本人在本課的導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié)就提出與課本話題相關(guān)的問題,如,How many periods of the paintings in the text? What are they? 學(xué)生在回答這些問題時,也在回憶單元內(nèi)容。繼續(xù)提問,并在問題中涉及重點詞匯,幫助學(xué)生回憶單元的部分詞匯。如,What are the styles in each period? 然后通過填空的形式,給出關(guān)于每一時期的風格的語篇,如:
The Middle ages:The main _____ of the painters was to represent religious themes. A _____ picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of _____ and _____ for God. But it was _____ that ideas were changing;
The Renaissance: People began to _____less ___ religious themes and ______ a more humanistic attitude to life. And at this time rich people wanted to ______ their own paintings. There were two important discoveries during this period: perspective and oil paints;
Impressionism: During this period, Europe changed ______. Naturally, these changes also _____ new painting styles. Among the painters who ________ the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists. They are eager to show how light and _______ fell on objects;
Modern Art: ______ some modern art is ______; that is, the painter doesn’t _____ to paint objects as we see them with our eye. _______, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.
使學(xué)生感受aim, evident, possess, adopt, abstract,attempt,a great deal及on the one hand…on the other hand等詞在具體的語境中的用法。Scott T (2003)指出:詞語的呈現(xiàn)需要在典型的語篇中進行,這樣才能有利于學(xué)習(xí)者理解詞語的含義、搭配和句法分布位置等。高考《考試大綱》也明確要求“在詞匯學(xué)習(xí)上,應(yīng)注意在特定的,現(xiàn)實的語境中接受、掌握詞匯,并重點注意常用詞的實際運用。”所以,作為教師要強化學(xué)生的語境意識,通過語境體會詞義,使他們認識到詞義的多層次性。在這個環(huán)節(jié)中,本人專門設(shè)計問題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用重要詞匯解決實際問題,使他們體會在真實語境中這些詞匯的用法,并且這些語境是與課文內(nèi)容息息相關(guān)的,讓學(xué)生感受到教材和課本內(nèi)容在復(fù)習(xí)中的重要地位。
2. 結(jié)合高考例題,幫助學(xué)生準確理解,提高學(xué)生答題信心,激起詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的熱情
在下一個環(huán)節(jié)中,我要求學(xué)生了解一些中國藝術(shù)。如paper cut 及burning paintings.在paper cut這一環(huán)節(jié)中,先給出語篇
Paper-cut, whose designs usually focused on animals and human life, is considered as one of the signs of Chinese folk art. At the beginning, it was used mainly for religious reasons with the purpose of driving off evils while at present people use it to decorate their houses and their wealth esp. during festivals. However, as paper cut can’t attract young people, it is in danger of dying out in the future. As a result, many famous people are trying to persuade the public to protect it, holding the belief, “if we did not protect this valuable form of art, it would be a huge disaster for the whole nation”. Luckily, more and more people have been persuaded of its value and joined in the campaign.
讓學(xué)生運用本單元的重點詞匯和短語替換語篇中的劃線詞。并重點講解了appeal to這個短語。在具體的語境中讓學(xué)生自己體會和理解該詞的用法,
①. Bob launched an urgent appeal for the famine victims(饑民).
②. The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.
③. The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympics appealed to the audience all over the world.
④. He appealed against the judge’s decision.
然后再給出與該詞有關(guān)的高考題或高考模擬題。
①. (2010安徽)--How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
--To be honest, his singing didn’t ____ to me much.
A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur
②. (2009浙江) The good thing about children is that they____ very easily to new environments.
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply
③. (2010·長春調(diào)研)The Harry Potter books ______ to readers of all ages.
A.attract B.pay attention C.appeal D.attach
使學(xué)生真正體會高考題并正確完成這些題目。在burning paintings這一環(huán)節(jié),通過改錯的形式讓學(xué)生了解火筆畫, 更進一步了解詞匯的正確用法,避免發(fā)生錯誤。
3. 通過任務(wù)型教學(xué),提高學(xué)生的綜合運用詞匯的能力
在本堂課的高潮環(huán)節(jié),我要求學(xué)生通過給相關(guān)短語配上英文翻譯的教學(xué)活動,回顧本單元的重點單詞和詞匯。緊接下來,再給出幾個中文句子,要求學(xué)生翻譯。最后,給出一段中文語篇關(guān)于“Amber Room”的介紹作為作業(yè)。
“琥珀屋是一件非常有代表性的著名的藝術(shù)品,甚至被認為是世界的一大奇跡,所以吸引了許多人。建造琥珀屋的主要目的是為腓特烈一世(Frederick I)的宮殿而設(shè)計的。然而它的下一任主人腓特烈.威廉一世(Frederick William I)卻不想擁有它了。因此,在1716年,他把琥珀屋送給了彼得大帝(Peter the Great)。在1941年俄德兩國交戰(zhàn)時期,納粹分子(Nazis)偷偷地運走琥珀屋。據(jù)說,從那以后,誰也不能預(yù)測琥珀屋到底被誰擁有。很明顯它已經(jīng)失蹤了。如今,建筑師采納了它的圖片,建造了新的琥珀屋?!?/p>
總之,“得詞匯者得天下”, 學(xué)好英語的關(guān)鍵就在于獲得豐富的詞匯量。然而“冰凍三尺,非一日之寒”, 擴大詞匯量非一日之功,如何激發(fā)和保持學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的熱情,如何保持高三詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的有效性是值得我們英語教師探討和研究的。只要我們努力發(fā)揮自己的聰明睿智, 必能使我們的詞匯教學(xué)和學(xué)生的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)充滿靈性和靈感。只要我們能用新理念去開拓詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的新方法,我們就一定能解決好詞匯教學(xué)這個問題!