周世英
請(qǐng)先看幾道與if有關(guān)的2012年中考題:
1. We will go for a picnic if it ______ tomorrow. (2012年浙江省衢州市)
A. doesnt rain B. wasnt rainy
C. wont rain D. wasnt raining
2. If our government __________ attention to controlling food safety now,our health _________ in danger. (2012年廣東?。?/p>
A. wont pay; is B. doesnt pay; is
C. wont pay; will be D. doesnt pay; will be
3. —What would you do if you _________ the traffic accident?
—I would __________.(2012年湖北省黃岡市)
A. see; do my housework first B. saw; buy some fruit right away
C. see; call at 110 at once D. saw; call the police right away
分析:第一題句意為“如果明天不下雨,我們將去野餐”。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,要遵循“主句用將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的原則,由于主語為it,要用第三人稱單數(shù),rain為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,要借助助動(dòng)詞does來構(gòu)成否定句。答案為A。第二題句意為“如果現(xiàn)在我們的政府不注意控制食品安全,我們的健康將會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)”。答案為D。第三題考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句,即:主句使用would + 動(dòng)詞原形,從句使用一般過去時(shí),再根據(jù)the traffic accident可以判斷此處應(yīng)該是“我會(huì)馬上給警察打電話”, 答案為D。
英語中,if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句歷來都是各地中考命題的熱點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容之一,掌握它的用法意義重大,不容忽視。我們可從它的結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)和句型轉(zhuǎn)換等三個(gè)要素來進(jìn)行解讀:
一、if的結(jié)構(gòu)要素
if表示“如果”意義,用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。if從句的位置靈活,既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。
若從句置于主句位置,須用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。例如:
—I hear Jay Chou will come to our city. 我聽說周杰倫要來我們的城市。
—Really?If he comes, Helen will be very happy because she is a big fan of him. 真的嗎?如果他來的話,海倫會(huì)非常高興,因?yàn)樗撬闹覍?shí)“粉絲”。
We can walk there if we cant find a bus. 如果找不到公共汽車,我們可以步行去那兒。
二、if的時(shí)態(tài)要素
如果談?wù)搶砜赡艹霈F(xiàn)的情況時(shí),主句常用一般將來時(shí)祈使句或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子,if從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。在這類句子中,從句所預(yù)見的條件是前提,前提如能實(shí)現(xiàn),主句所表示的另一件事情就會(huì)發(fā)生;否則就不會(huì)發(fā)生。例如:
If it doesnt rain tomorrow, they will go to the Great Wall. 如果明天不下雨,他們就去長(zhǎng)城。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你餓了,你可以在超市購(gòu)買一些食品。
Please hand up if you have the answer to the question. 如果你知道問題的答案,請(qǐng)舉手。
三、if的轉(zhuǎn)換要素
1.借助“祈使句 + and/or + 陳述句”來轉(zhuǎn)換。其中的and表示句意順承,or表示轉(zhuǎn)折, 意思是“否則”。例如:
If you study hard, youll succeed. = Study hard, and youll succeed. 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)成功。
If you dont hurry up, youll be late.=Hurry up, or youll be late. 假如你不快點(diǎn),你就會(huì)遲到。
2.借助介詞with或without來轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:
If you help me, Ill finish my work soon.=With your help, Ill finish my work soon.有你的幫助,我就能很快地完成工作。
If there is no water, the fish will die.=The fish will die without water.沒有水,魚就會(huì)死。
3.有時(shí),if條件狀語從句還可借助動(dòng)詞不定式短語來轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:
It will be a pity if we leave him alone at home.
= It will be a pity to leave him alone at home.把他獨(dú)自留在家中將是個(gè)遺憾。
【溫馨提示】
if表示“是否”意義時(shí)用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句,句型為:主語 + ask/know/wonder/remember等 + if賓語從句。例如:
I dont know if his father will come to Marys birthday party tonight. 我不知道今晚他父親是否來參加瑪麗的生日晚會(huì)。
He asked if we would go to Shanghai next week. 他問我們下周是否去上海。
【學(xué)以致用】
I.單項(xiàng)選擇。
1. If there ________ no buying and selling of animals,there _________ no killing in nature.(2011年陜西?。?/p>
A. is;will be B. will be;will be
C. is;is D. will be;is
2. The students _______ have a sports meeting this weekend if it _______.(2011年四川省雅安市)
A. wont;rains B. will;rains
C. wont;will rain D. are going to;is going to rain
3. If she _______ here tomorrow,I will tell you.(2011年重慶市江津區(qū))
A. comes B. will come
C. come D. came
4. —Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes. But if it _________,well play chess instead. (2011年山東省泰安市)
A. will rain B. rained
C. is raining D. rains
5. —I hear the famous singer Xu Song may come to Ningbo next month.
—Really?_______ he comes, my younger sister will be very excited. (2011年浙江省寧波市)
A. If B. Until
C. Unless D. Before
6. —Lets go fishing if it ________ this weekend.
—But nobody knows if it _________.(2011年廣東?。?/p>
A. is fine;will rain B. will be fine;rains
C. will be fine;will rain D. is fine;rains
7. —Mary, could you tell me if your mother ________ our school sports meeting tomorrow?
—I think she will come to school if she ________ free.(2011年山東省濱州市)
A. will take part in;will be B. takes part in;is
C. will take part in;is D. takes part in;will be
II. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞。
1. Study harder, or you will fall behind others.
If you ______ study harder, you _______ fall behind others.
2. Tell us what to do, and well get on with it.
_______ ______ _______ us what to do, well get on with it.
3. Put on your coat, or youll catch a cold.
________ you________ put on your coat, youll catch a cold.
4. If you play basketball here, you may break the windows.
_________ play basketball here,_________ you may break the windows.
Keys
I. 1~5 A A A D A 6~7 A C
II. 1. dont;will 2. If you tell 3. If;dont 4. Dont;or