平麗芳

摘 要： 自2006年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)開考以來(lái)，已經(jīng)走過(guò)了7個(gè)年頭，參考人數(shù)有增無(wú)減?？忌Х州^多的仍然是閱讀和聽力部分，特別是聽力部分，由于題型新穎，題材面較廣，復(fù)合聽寫難度較大，給廣大考生帶來(lái)一定的障礙和難度。本文通過(guò)分析四級(jí)考試聽力的特點(diǎn)，給出聽力指導(dǎo)技巧，以期廣大考生在考試中取得好的成績(jī)。

關(guān)鍵詞： 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí) 聽力 特點(diǎn) 指導(dǎo)技巧

一、聽力考試題型和特點(diǎn)

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽力題型共分為四類：一是8個(gè)短對(duì)話共設(shè)8個(gè)問(wèn)題，二是2個(gè)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話共設(shè)7個(gè)問(wèn)題，三是3個(gè)短文聽力共設(shè)10個(gè)問(wèn)題，四是復(fù)合式聽寫共設(shè)8個(gè)單個(gè)單詞和3個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子，要求考生能正確拼寫。從歷屆聽力考試題型的特點(diǎn)來(lái)看，問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)主要集中在以下兩個(gè)方面。

第一類考細(xì)節(jié)辯論，信息明示題較多，一般能直接找到答案，如：What does sb mean？What does sb want to know about sth？What do we know from the conversation？What will sb probably/first/finally do？How did sb get to know about sth？What was sb asked to do in the end？What does the passage tell us about sb/sth？How did sb do sth？What is sb doing？What does sb say about sth？What is ones occupation？

第二類著重考推理判斷、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)境、句意、同義轉(zhuǎn)述、綜合歸納題，如觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、結(jié)局、原因分析、隱含意義，必須在理解大意、把握關(guān)鍵信息的基礎(chǔ)上綜合判斷。如：What does the talk focus on？Why did sb fail to do sth？What does the speaker seem to advocate/suggest？What message is the speaker trying to convey？What happened in the end？What does sb imply？What problem are the speakers discussing？What does the man think of sth？Whats the purpose of sb？How has sth turned out to be？Whats ones viewpoint on sth？According to the speaker，what contributed to sth？What do we learn about sth？

二、聽力考試指導(dǎo)技巧

從實(shí)際考試情況看，教師可以從兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)。首先，在8個(gè)短對(duì)話和2個(gè)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中，如果遇到下列句子，就可以讓考生判斷與上文不同的答案，因?yàn)檫@些與上文有轉(zhuǎn)折的詞句，明顯不是聽力一開始出現(xiàn)的信息，例如：I am sorry，but I think you can do...Id suggest that...However，but，nevertheless，on the contrary.That might help.Perhaps，anyway，by the way，but it looks...but it seems that，but I insist.Why dont we do...Well，I guess I would do...but I think if we do sth，we can ...Well，you have to do...Maybe you should do...So it might be time to do sth...But I would be glad to do sth if you like to...That would be great.I would love to，but...So I can manage...尤其是虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，如：Id feel that if I were you.很可能情況與上面出現(xiàn)的聽力文字不同。考生必須排除先出現(xiàn)的聽力信息的干擾，選擇正確答案。其次，在三個(gè)短文聽力中，主要考查“Who，What，How，Why did/does sb do according to sb/the passage？需要聽清與這些問(wèn)題相關(guān)的句子。

最后在復(fù)合聽寫中，教師可以先從詞組和句型訓(xùn)練考生的適應(yīng)能力，比如至少考到兩次的詞匯有：survive，reported，phenomenon，proportion，particular，particularly，murder，household（s），figure（s），appreciate，appreciation，technique，humanities，define，definition，properly，particularly，furthermore，appropriately，admire（d）。在句子聽寫中，像a（the）better way，best way，to do，as long as，as well as，that，when，what，who，whether等從句，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)by doing A and doing B，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might，must，can，還有the+名詞+of結(jié)構(gòu)、短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)得相當(dāng)多，比如：a definition of time，a part of，the figures of，the lack of，proportional growth of，the percentage of；serve as，space out，share about，provide with，make decisions，lead to，mix with，make sth difficult，try out等。

三、結(jié)語(yǔ)

以上論述了如何從操作層面上對(duì)考生進(jìn)行有效的指導(dǎo)，由于聽力題目鮮活，涉及面廣，僅靠考前備戰(zhàn)是不夠的，因此教師有責(zé)任在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中進(jìn)行應(yīng)試點(diǎn)撥，創(chuàng)設(shè)運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的情境，經(jīng)常指導(dǎo)詞匯和聽力、試聽、復(fù)述等練習(xí)，練好聽力的基本功，使考生在考場(chǎng)上發(fā)揮最佳水平。