重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ)精析

1. load v. 裝，（把……）裝上，裝入；裝載，承載

n. 負(fù)載，負(fù)荷；承載量

【用法精析】

（1） load...with... 把……裝上……

（2） a load of/loads of 大量，許多

2. fire v. 開火，射擊，開槍；啟動(dòng)，點(diǎn)火，發(fā)動(dòng)；解雇，

開除

【用法精析】

（1） fire off 開槍，射擊；連珠炮似地說(shuō)，奮筆疾書

（2） fire at/into/on 瞄準(zhǔn)……，朝……開槍，向……射擊

3. limit n. 范圍；限制，限度；極限，限量，限額

【用法精析】

（1） set a limit/limits to 對(duì)……加以限制

The parents can acknowledge children’s feelings and set limits to the behavior.

父母可以一一分辨孩子的想法，為其行為設(shè)定界限。

（2） without limits 無(wú)限制地

They are ready to supply funds without limits.

他們準(zhǔn)備無(wú)限度地提供基金。

（3） within limits 在某種程度上；有一定限制

I do not mind mischief within limits but it is too much this time！

在一定限度內(nèi)的惡作劇我是不會(huì)介意的，但這次實(shí)在太過(guò)分了！

4. charge n. 費(fèi)用，價(jià)錢，要價(jià)，收費(fèi)；主管，掌管，照

管，責(zé)任

v. 收費(fèi)，要價(jià)；指控，控告

【用法精析】

（1） in charge of... 主管，對(duì)……有責(zé)任；照料

I’m the one in charge of setting up all the chairs.

我是負(fù)責(zé)排椅子的人。

（2） charge for 為……收費(fèi)

Will you please tell me whether you charge for cheques？

請(qǐng)告訴我兌換支票收手續(xù)費(fèi)嗎？

（3） be charged with 被控告；承擔(dān)

He was charged with being an accessory to murder.

他被控為謀殺罪的從犯。

5. power v. 供給動(dòng)力，驅(qū)動(dòng)，推動(dòng)（機(jī)器或車輛）

n. 權(quán)力，職權(quán)，權(quán)勢(shì)

【用法精析】

（1） take power 取得政權(quán)

（2） come into power 開始執(zhí)政；當(dāng)權(quán)

（3） make power 產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力

6. shape v. 造成……形狀，使成為……形狀（或樣子）

n. 形狀，外形；狀況，情況

【用法精析】

（1） get （...） into shape 使身體好起來(lái)；使……有條理

He got into shape after one year’s physical training.

經(jīng)過(guò)一年的體育鍛煉，他變健壯了。

（2） out of shape 變形的，走樣的；身體不好，不健康

Take exercise if you’re out of shape.

身體不好就要鍛煉。

（3） in the shape of 以……形狀

This island is in the shape of a cross.

該島呈十字架形。

7. display v. 展示，陳列；顯示，顯露

n. 陳列，展覽；展示，表演

【用法精析】

on display 陳列；展出

A collection of photographs was on display in the hall.

大廳里展出了一輯照片。

8. permit n. 執(zhí)照；許可證，特許證

v. 允許，準(zhǔn)許；使有可能

【用法精析】

（1） permit sb to do sth 準(zhǔn)許某人做某事

（2） permit doing sth 準(zhǔn)許做某事

9. provide v. 提供，供應(yīng)，給予

【拓展】

（1） provide sb with sth 提供給某人某物

A small number of nations provide the world with armaments.

少數(shù)幾個(gè)國(guó)家向世界各國(guó)提供軍火。

（2） provide sth for sb 為某人提供某物

I hope the textbook will provide a foothold for students of the subject.

我希望這本教材能讓本專業(yè)的學(xué)生打下基礎(chǔ)。

（3） 比較provide和supply的區(qū)別：

前者表示提供（物品或信息），后者表示提供（物品）。supply的搭配有：supply sb with sth， supply sth to sb。

More and more vegetables and fruit are supplied to the cities.

越來(lái)越多的蔬菜和水果供應(yīng)城市。

（4） provide for 撫養(yǎng)，預(yù)備；為……做好準(zhǔn)備

（5） provide against 為……作準(zhǔn)備；預(yù)防，防備

10. convenient adj. 方便的，實(shí)用的，便利的，省事的

【用法精析】

be convenient to sb = be convenient for sb to do sth

對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)方便（做某事）

Would it be convenient for you to see me at 10：30？

十點(diǎn)三十分來(lái)看我，對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)方便嗎？

【拓展】

convenience n. 方便，適宜，便利

inconvenient adj. 不方便的，引起麻煩的，造成困難的

11. for sure 肯定地

No one knows for sure what happened to Bill.

沒有人確切知道比爾出了什么事。

【拓展】

（1） be sure of/about sth 確信；對(duì)……很有把握

（2） make sure 查明；設(shè)法確保，確定

（3） be/feel sure of oneself 自信，滿懷信心

（4） be sure to do sth 一定要，務(wù)必（去做某事）

12. run out（某物）用完；不多了；沒有了

【用法精析】

比較run out和run out of的區(qū)別：

run out/run out of 都表示“用完了”的意思。前者是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為時(shí)間、金錢、食物等名詞；后者為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)含義，主語(yǔ)一般為人，也可為物。

Time is running out for the trapped miners.

被困礦工的時(shí)間不多了。

The soldiers ran out of ammunition and had to withdraw.

士兵們用光了彈藥，不得不撤退。

A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.

幾輛吉普車上的彈藥都已經(jīng)用光了。

【拓展】

（1） run after 追趕，追蹤，追逐（對(duì)象等）

（2） run away 逃跑，離家

13. rely on （upon） 依靠，依賴；信任，信賴

【用法精析】

（1） rely on sb doing sth 依靠某人做某事

（2） rely on sb to do sth 指望/相信某人做某事

（3） 比較rely on和depend on的區(qū)別：

兩者都有依靠的意思，rely on表示在過(guò)去經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上依賴、相信某人或某物，希望得到支持；depend on表示出于信賴而依靠某人或某物，以取得支持，但這種信賴可能以過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或了解為依據(jù)，也可能沒有。

They relied on brains rather than brawn.

他們靠的是腦力而不是體力。

Whether the game will be played depends on the weather.

比賽是否舉行要看天氣而定。

14. for a start 首先

For a start， let’s agree where we should meet.

首先，讓我們商定在哪里碰頭。

【拓展】

（1） at the very start 一開始

（2） from the start 從一開始

（3） from start to finish 自始至終

15. carry out 履行，實(shí)施，執(zhí)行，落實(shí)；完成（任務(wù)）

They swore an oath to carry out their duties faithfully.

他們宣誓忠實(shí)履行自己的職責(zé)。

【拓展】

（1） carry off 成功地對(duì)付，不費(fèi)勁地處理；贏得，獲得

（2） carry on 繼續(xù)做，堅(jiān)持干

（3） carry through 完成；使渡過(guò)

16. be connected to 與……相連

【用法精析】

比較be connected to和be connected with的區(qū)別：

be connected to是“與……相連”的意思，是指將兩個(gè)東西進(jìn)行對(duì)接或連接；而be connected with是“與……有關(guān)”的意思，指兩個(gè)人或事物之間有關(guān)聯(lián)或聯(lián)系，一般不用于兩個(gè)事物的具體連接。

The top of the funnel is connected to a tube.

這個(gè)漏斗的頂端接了一根管子。

She was connected with the crime.

她被認(rèn)為與犯罪事件有關(guān)。

17. in no time 馬上；一會(huì)兒

He expressed anxiety that it should be done in no time.

他急切希望這事能立即做好。

【拓展】

（1） in time 及時(shí)，來(lái)得及

（2） on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)

（3） at the same time 同時(shí)，一起

（4） at a time 每次，逐一，依次

（5） at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度

（6） from time to time 不時(shí)，有時(shí)，偶爾，間或

18. under construction 正在建設(shè)中

There are two new hotels under construction.

有兩家新酒店正在興建。

【拓展】

（1） under discussion 在討論中

（2） under consideration 在考慮中

（3） under study 在研究中

19. be worth doing 值得做……

I don’t think these neologisms worth passing on to beginners.

我認(rèn)為這些新詞不值得教給初學(xué)者。

【拓展】

（1） worth adj. 后跟名詞表示“值得”

（2） be worth sth（指行動(dòng)）值得；有價(jià)值；值得（花費(fèi)大）

（3） worth n. 價(jià)值……的東西；價(jià)值；意義；作用

20. what’s more 而且；更為重要的

【用法精析】

表示除了上文所說(shuō)的情況外還有進(jìn)一步的情況，經(jīng)常作為插入語(yǔ)。

She learns quickly， and what’s more， she remembers what she has learnt.

她學(xué)得很快，而且所學(xué)的全都記得。

We invite a new speaker and， what’s more， he was happy to come.

我們請(qǐng)了一位新的發(fā)言人，而且，他很高興來(lái)。

【拓展】

what’s worse... 更糟糕的是……

語(yǔ)法精析精練

定語(yǔ)從句

考點(diǎn)提示：

1. 定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要在單項(xiàng)填空題中；短文改錯(cuò)題中有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)考題；它是書面表達(dá)題中的常用且很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)；定語(yǔ)從句在閱讀理解題中對(duì)于句子的正確理解和信息的準(zhǔn)確把握極其重要。

2. 定語(yǔ)從句考題的解題關(guān)鍵是確定關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。

3. 注意關(guān)系詞的用法區(qū)別及特殊用法。

語(yǔ)法精析

一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念

定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)，在整個(gè)復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞；被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞即稱為先行詞。從句前面是否有由從句修飾的名詞或代詞，即先行詞，是判斷該從句是否是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。

二、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

注意：

1. 關(guān)系詞that和why不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

2. whose + 名詞可換成the + 名詞 + of which/whom或of which/whom + the +名詞。

3. as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，as多與such， the same， as 或so連用，構(gòu)成such/the same/as/so... as... 固定結(jié)構(gòu)。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它指代主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容，可表示“正如……”的意思。

4. 關(guān)系副詞when，where和why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，可換成：介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞which。

三、定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的判定及用法

（一）確定引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的正確關(guān)系詞的思路首先要確認(rèn)該從句是定語(yǔ)從句；然后根據(jù)先行詞是指代人、物還是指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)（注意：case，condition，situation，position，point，scene，activity，stage等可視為抽象地點(diǎn)名詞）、原因，由此判斷選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞（或“相應(yīng)的介詞 + which”）。若判定應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞，則根據(jù)先行詞指代人還是物、關(guān)系詞在從句中應(yīng)該充當(dāng)什么成分以及其他特殊用法，最后判斷出正確的關(guān)系代詞；若判定應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞，則根據(jù)先行詞的指代，選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞。但注意定語(yǔ)從句也可能由“相應(yīng)的介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。

注意：

先行詞指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因時(shí)，不一定就用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。若從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，則從句應(yīng)由關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。

（二）“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

1.“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其中關(guān)系代詞只能用whom（指人）和which（指物）。另外有變化形式：①代詞（one/all/both/most/many/some/half等）或數(shù)詞 + of + which/whom；②“介詞 + whose + 名詞”；③“介詞 + which + 名詞”（= and + 介詞 + this/that + 名詞）。如：Tom spent four years in college， during which time he learned French.

2. 介詞 + which/whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，確定介詞的方法：根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或先行詞本身的搭配習(xí)慣。

3. 關(guān)系副詞when/where/why 可替換成介詞 + which 。

4. whose + n. = the + n. + of which/whom或of which/whom + the + n.

（三）幾組關(guān)系代詞的用法區(qū)別（略）

1. 關(guān)系代詞that與which的區(qū)別

2. 關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

3. 關(guān)系代詞who與whom的區(qū)別

（四）關(guān)系代詞的省略

在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞（as例外）可以省略；或從句里有there be句型時(shí)，作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?。但是，介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

（五）定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞一致。

語(yǔ)法精練

1. （2012年四川卷） In our class there are 46 students， ___ half wear glasses.

A. in whomB. in them

C. of whomD. of them

2. （2012年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ） That evening， ___ I will tell you more about later， I ended up working very late.

A. thatB. which

C. whatD. when

3. （2012年北京卷） When deeply absorbed in work， ___ he often was， he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A. thatB. which

C. whereD. when

4. （2012年安徽卷） A lot of language learning， ___ has been discovered， is happening in the first year of life， so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

A. asB. it

C. whichD. this

5. （2012年重慶卷） Sales director is a position ___ communi-cation ability is just as important as sales skills.

A. whichB. that

C. whenD. where

6. （2012年山東卷） Maria has written two novels， both of ___ have been made into television series.

A. themB. that

C. whichD. what

7. （2012年浙江卷） Helen was a painter of birds and of nature， ___ for some reason， had withdrawn from all human society.

A. whichB. who

C. whereD. whom

8. （2012年湖南卷） Care of the soul is a gradual process ___ even the small details of life should be considered.

A. whatB. in what

C. whichD. in which

9. （2012年天津卷） I wish to thank Professor Smith， without ___ help I would never have got this far.

A.who B. whose

C. whomD. which

10. （2012年江蘇卷） After the flooding， people were suffering in that area， ___ urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter to survive.

A. whichB. who

C. whereD. what

11. （2011年四川卷） The school shop， ___ customers are mainly students， is closed for the holidays.

A. whichB. whose

C. whenD. where

12. （2010年四川卷） After graduating from college， I took some time off to go travelling， ___ turned out to be a wise decision.

A. thatB. which

C. whenD. where

13. （2009年四川卷） She’ll never forget her stay there ___ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

A. thatB. which

C. whereD. when

14. ___ leaves the room last ought to check that the windows are closed and the door is locked.

A. WhoeverB. Who

C. ThatD. Those who

15. We’re talking about the painting and the artist ___ we saw last night.

A. whichB. whom

C. whoD. that

16. Can you think of a situation ___ “Never mind” can be used？

A. whichB. that

C. whereD. on which

17. On National Day the place ___ tourists from other provinces are interested is Jiuzhaigou Scenic Spot.

A. whereB. which

C. in whichD. that

18. The car ___ the motor was damaged in the accident has been repaired.

A. whoseB. which

C. of thatD. of which

19. The only thing ___ is wrong with this is ___ my brother said to me the other day.

A. 不填； whatB. that； that

C. what； whichD. that； what

20. What’s that ___ fell to the ground from the sky just now？

A. whichB. that

C. whatD. who

21. Water boils at 100℃， ___ it changes into a gas.

A. whereB. which temperature

C. at which temperatureD. when

22. He is the very man ___ I found my missing wallet.

A. whatB. in whose pocket

C. thatD. whose pocket

23. — Did you remember the days ___ we worked on the farm？

— Certainly， especially the hard time ___ we spent together.

A. which； whenB. when； which

C. when； whenD. which； which

24. Chengdu was shaken by such a terrible earthquake ___ few citizens had ever experienced before.

A. thatB. which

C. asD. what

25. In my hometown， there is a mysterious dark hole， ___ depth has never been measured.

A. thatB. where

C. whichD. whose

26. She kept telling her father to pay attention to his own health， ___ ， in fact， didn’t help at all.

A. whichB. while

C. itD. that

27. ___ is often the case with children， Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived.

A. ThatB. Which

C. AsD. It

28. His parents were teachers in that school， ___ lost their lives in order to save their students in the earthquake.

A. neither of themB. both of whom

C. all of themD. either of whom

29. In the office， I never seem to have time until 5：30 pm， ___ many people have got home.

A. whileB. on which

C. by whichD. then

30. The general at last got a chance to visit the village ___ he used to fight， ___ he had been dreaming of for years.

A. that； whichB. where； that

C. in which； whatD. where； which

綜合能力提升

（滿分120分；時(shí)間80分鐘）

第一部分 英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

1. A game that is very ___ with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race.

A. similarB. familiar

C. popularD. particular

2. I’d like to come with you but that’s not a promise. Don’t ___ it.

A. insist onB. rely on

C. keep onD. work on

3. One of my best friends ___ Chengdu in a few days. I wonder when the earliest plane ___ on Sunday.

A. is leaving； is taking offB. leaves； takes off

C. is leaving； takes offD. leaves； is taking off

4. ___ this book I need another four months of hard work.

A. Having completedB. Completing

C. To have completedD. To complete

5. Where would the king find advisers to plan and ___ such a policy for him？

A. set upB. carry out

C. take upD. come out

6. — Ring me at 6：30 am？

— No， not that early. I ___ then.

A. sleepB. am sleeping

C. will sleepD. will be sleeping

7. Please ___ yourselves and give readers a bit of information about the development team.

A. introduceB. introduces

C. to introduceD. introducing

8. Short skirts are definitely ___ now and longer ones are in again.

A. on the wayB. on the way out

C. in the wayD. out of the way

9. ___ them only on those occasions when their late arrival will not inconvenience you！

A. To inviteB. Inviting

C. InviteD. Invited

10. After several attempts， he finally ___ to the hot line.

A. got inB. got through

C. got offD. got away

11. Give me a piece of rope， and any length will ___ .

A. doB. help

C. workD. suit

12. We had a wonderful time on holiday until our money ___ .

A. gave offB. gave in

C. gave upD. gave out

13. ___ some of this tobacco. You’ll say it’s second to none.

A. TryingB. Try

C. To tryD. Have tried

14. They are going to get married， and ___ ， they are setting up in business together.

A. sooner or laterB. what’s more

C. more or lessD. as a result

15. — Cliff， I lost your ball at school. I suppose I should pay

for it.

— Oh. ___ . It was just an old ball anyway.

A. Take it easyB. By no means

C. You got itD. Forget it

第二節(jié) 完型填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

第二部分 閱讀理解（第一節(jié)共10小題，第二節(jié)5小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)

A

The green lights in the robot’s eyes turn red， and then you know you’re in trouble！ That’s how it happens in the movies when robots begin to attack the human. But could it really happen？

Dr Daniel Wilson has recently published a book called How to Survive a Robot Uprising. Of course， Dr Wilson knows that his book is funny， but， he adds， “The book offers a summary of limitations of current robotic science.”

For example， if you want to confuse a robot who is trying to understand what you’re saying， speak in a funny accent， or make a lot of background noise. Voice recognition software only works with very simple information unless it is “trained” to recognize a particular person’s speech patterns， and even then， such software has a hard time figuring out non-speech noise when it’s trying to “hear” human speech. So if you want to have a conversation with another human and you don’t want a robot to understand it， just take your friend and the robot to a loud party.

Robots can be confused by the unpredictable things. If one is warning to kill you， tell it that you love it and maybe asking for a nice hug might just throw it off its game. Robots have a hard time understanding sudden changes. Robots might be able to move faster than humans along smooth surfaces， but they have a hard time moving on rough ways. So if a robot is running after you， you should run through mud， dive into water and swim away for a while， slide across some ice， or run up a rocky hillside. Even a small amount of dirt or water is likely to disable most robots.

Meanwhile， robots can probably shoot at you quite well. Built out of metal， they have no fear or “feelings”. If you’re fighting with a robot， go for the crowded bar instead of trying to shoot back.

While Dr Wilson’s book shows the current limitations of robots， remember that these are also the main areas robotics scientists are working on to improve robots.

36. From the first two paragraphs， we learn that ___ .

A. a cinema was attacked by many robots

B. in fact robots have their own weaknesses

C. Dr Daniel Wilson survived the attack from the robots

D. Dr Daniel Wilson’s book is a bestseller

37. If you don’t want a robot to understand your words， you should ___ .

A. speak loudly in a quiet place

B. speak at the back of the robot

C. change your accent or speak in a noisy background

D. try to find a voice recognition

38. If robots are shooting at you， you should ___ .

A. shoot back face to face

B. try to prevent him with moving words

C. lie down and pretend to be dead

D. run to a crowded place

39. The underlined words “throw it off its game” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “___”.

A. destroy the robot

B. play a game with the robot

C. make the robot confused

D. throw the robot away

B

“A kind-hearted homeowner kept a baby elephant in her backyard for months during the Second World War because zookeepers feared the animal would be killed in a bombing raid，” it has been revealed.

Sheila lived at Belfast Zoo until she was moved to her unusual home in 1941 as the city experienced the so-called Belfast Blitz.

She was one of the lucky ones at the zoo， in the north of the city.

The Ministry of Public Security ordered 23 zoo animals to be killed in case they got free and attacked people， including a tiger， a black bear， two polar bears and six wolves.

But instead of meeting the same fate， Sheila was walked down the road by keepers to a red-brick house on the Whitewell Road where a woman gave her sanctuary（保護(hù)）in her back-yard for several months until the bombing was over.

Now， as part of the zoo’s 75th anniversary， managers are trying to identify the woman who gave the elephant its wartime sanctuary， known only as “the elephant angel”.

All it has to go on are a couple of grainy black and white photographs of two women sitting on a garden seat watching Sheila drinking out of a tin bucket beside the back door of the house.

Zoo manager Mark Challis said， “The care provided by our mystery lady is unique（獨(dú)一無(wú)二的）to zoo history and we would like to make contact with her family and properly document this gap（缺口）in our past.”

Happily Sheila went on to survive the war， living another 25 years until her death at the zoo in 1966.

40. Why were some zoo animals killed according to the passage？

A. To avoid being killed in the bombing.

B. To protect them from being robbed.

C. To prevent them from attacking each other.

D. To avoid their doing harm to people.

41. What can we know from the passage？

A. The Second World War started in 1941.

B. Sheila was the only one surviving the war.

C. The zoo hasn’t found the mystery woman.

D. The helpful lady didn’t want to be famous.

42. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？

A. An Elephant Escaped Being Killed in the War

B. Many Animals Died in the Second World War

C. Belfast Zoo Celebrated Its 75th Anniversary

D. Looking for the Elephant Angel， a Woman

C

Are some people born clever， and others born stupid？ Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience？ Strangely enough， the answer to these questions is yes. To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth， and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand， a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and different surroundings. Thus the limits of persons’ intelligence are fixed at birth， and whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This idea， now held by most experts， can be supported in a number of ways.

It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people is， the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population， it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If， on the other hand， we take two twins， they will very likely to be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters， parents and children， usually have similar intelligence， and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.

Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one， for example， to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing， and this shows that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in touch with each other， but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.

43. If a child is born with low intelligence， he can ___ .

A. become a genius

B. still become a genius if he should be given special education

C. reach his intelligence limits in rich surroundings

D. not reach his intelligence limits in his life

44. In Paragraph 2， the underlined sentence “if we take two unrelated people at random from population” means “if we ___ ”.

A. pick two persons without any plan

B. take out two different persons

C. choose two persons who have relations

D. choose two persons with different intelligence

45. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows ___ .

A. the importance of their intelligence

B. the role of environment on intelligence

C. the importance of their relations

D. the part that birth plays

第二節(jié) 下面文章中有5處（第46～50題）需要添加小標(biāo)題。請(qǐng)從以下選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D、E和F）中選出符合各段意思的小標(biāo)題。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。

A. New teachers’ opinions of involving parents

B. An argument over an assignment（課外作業(yè)）

C. A conflict between expectation and reality

D. Difficulties in sharing goals

E. The best way to score high

F. Proper ways of parental involvement

46. _______________

An Iowa high school adviser gets a call from a parent protesting the “C” her child received on an assignment. “The parent argued every point in the essay，” recalls the adviser， who soon realized why the mother was so disappointed about the grade. “It became apparent that she’d written it.”

47. _______________

In a survey， 90% of new teachers agreed that involving parents in their children education is a priority（優(yōu)先權(quán)）at their school， but only 25% described their experience working with parents as “very satisfying”. When asked to choose the biggest challenge they face， 31% of them quoted involving parents and communicating with them as their top choice. 73% of new teachers said too many parents treat schools and teachers as enemies.

48. _______________

At a time when competition is rising and resources are limited， when battles over testing force schools to adjust their priorities， when cell phone and e-mail speed up the information flow and all kinds of private ghosts and public quarrels slip into the parent-teacher conference， it’s harder for both sides to step back and breathe deeply and look at the goals they share.

49. _______________

Everyone says the parent-teacher conference should be pleasant， civilized， a kind of dialogue where parents and teachers build partnership. But what most teachers feel， and certainly what all parents feel， is anxiety and panic.

50. _______________

When a teacher asks parents to be partners， he or she doesn’t necessarily mean Mom or Dad should be sitting down the classroom. Research shows that though students benefit modestly from having parents involved at school， what happens at home matters much more. According to research based on the National Education Longitudinal Study， a sample of nearly 25，000 eighth graders， among four main areas of parental involvement （home discussion， home supervision（監(jiān)督）， school communication， and school participation）， home discussion was the most strongly related to academic achievement.

第三部分 寫作（共三節(jié)， 滿分45分）

第一節(jié) 單詞拼寫（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

51. We decided to ____（開火）at the enemy so as to fight our way out.

52. An air ship ____（供給動(dòng)力）by energy from the sun has been suggested.

53. The age of the applicant must fall within the required ____（范圍）.

54. The ____（許可證）is issued by the authority of the Minister of Industry.

55. I live just by the market， and it’s very ____（方便的）for me to go shopping.

56. He is l____ the goods into the back of the car.

57. The course of historical development is never s____ by theoretical constructions.

58. The ability to produce is l____ by the availability of the basic ingredients necessary for production.

59. Standard online help is a poor tool for p____ such beginner assistance.

60. If you become lost， b____ a whistle loudly at regular intervals to attract attention.

第二節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷：如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，在該行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾（√）；如有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤），則按下列情況改正：

此行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。

此行缺一個(gè)詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。

此行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。

注意：原行沒有錯(cuò)的不要改。

Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over

61. ___

the world men and woman as well as boys and girls enjoy sports. Since62. ___

long ago， many adults and children called their friends together

63. ___

to spend hours， even days play games. One of the reasons why people

64. ___

like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In other words，65. ___

they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are

66. ___

playing games， they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities67. ___

for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy.

68. ___

Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American

69. ___

big cities， thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.70. ___

第三節(jié) 書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）

據(jù)報(bào)道，在某些中學(xué)，教師被要求和學(xué)生一起參加期末考試。此舉在社會(huì)上引起極大反響，人們對(duì)此看法不一。請(qǐng)結(jié)合以下要點(diǎn)，以“Should Teachers Take Exams Together with Their Students？”為題，寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文。

要點(diǎn)：

1. 支持的理由；

2. 反對(duì)的理由；

3. 你的觀點(diǎn)。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)：120左右，開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；

2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：傳授 impart

Should Teachers Take Exams Together

with Their Students？

It is reported that in some middle schools teachers are required to take the final exams together with their students， which causes a heated discussion among people.

Different people have different opinions.