李冬華 吳 潔
南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科(210036)
·專題研究·
絕經(jīng)婦女MTHFR基因多態(tài)性與骨密度關(guān)系的meta分析
李冬華 吳 潔*
南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科(210036)
目的:采用meta分析方法研究絕經(jīng)后婦女亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(MTHFR)C677T基因多態(tài)性與骨密度的關(guān)系。方法:通過多種數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)檢索國(guó)內(nèi)外已發(fā)表絕經(jīng)婦女MTHFR基因多態(tài)性和骨密度關(guān)系的相關(guān)文章進(jìn)行資料分析。結(jié)果:5篇文獻(xiàn)符合meta分析納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),均報(bào)道了絕經(jīng)婦女MTHFR基因多態(tài)性與股骨頸和椎骨骨密度的關(guān)系。分析結(jié)果表明,TT基因型與CC/CT基因型婦女相比,具有更低的股骨頸密度,合并效應(yīng)尺度(WMD)為-0.01g/cm2(95%CI: -0.01~0.01,P<0.001);而TT基因型與CC/CT基因型婦女椎骨骨密度無差異,其WMD為-0.01mg/cm2(95%CI:-0.04~0.01,P=0.32)。結(jié)論:絕經(jīng)婦女MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性與股骨頸骨密度相關(guān),TT基因型女性具有較低的骨密度,TT基因型可作為預(yù)測(cè)絕經(jīng)婦女骨質(zhì)疏松癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子。
亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶 絕經(jīng)婦女 骨密度 meta分析 基因多態(tài)性
骨質(zhì)疏松癥是由多種原因引起的一種全身性骨骼疾病,≥60歲的老年女性中骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折發(fā)病率是30% ~50%[1],骨密度是影響骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折的主要影響因子[2,3],目前仍是評(píng)價(jià)絕經(jīng)婦女骨折風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4,5]。骨質(zhì)疏松癥的發(fā)生部分決定于遺傳因素[6],在一項(xiàng)對(duì)雙胎者研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),遺傳因素約占骨質(zhì)量影響因素的75%[7]。骨密度的相關(guān)基因可以預(yù)測(cè)骨含量和闡明骨質(zhì)疏松癥的發(fā)生機(jī)制[8]。亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(MTHFR)作為絕經(jīng)婦女骨質(zhì)疏松癥的候補(bǔ)基因,是在Miyao等[9]關(guān)于MTHFR基因多態(tài)性與日本婦女絕經(jīng)后骨密度關(guān)系的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。而MTHFR多態(tài)性和絕經(jīng)婦女骨密度的關(guān)系仍然存在爭(zhēng)議。為客觀評(píng)價(jià)兩者關(guān)系,本研究對(duì)有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了meta分析。
外文文獻(xiàn)檢索自數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) MEDLINE(1950~2010年),Web of Science(1955~2010年)和 Scopus(1960~2010年);中文文獻(xiàn)則用中國(guó)知網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(CNKI,1994~2010年)。檢索用英文關(guān)鍵詞Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,postmenopausal,bone mineral density,中文關(guān)鍵詞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶、絕經(jīng)后和骨密度。查找相關(guān)摘要并下載全文,對(duì)文內(nèi)參考文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行人工檢索,最大限度減少文獻(xiàn)。
按照流行病學(xué)要求對(duì)入選文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行meta分析[10]。文獻(xiàn)提取的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容包括:作者姓名、研究地區(qū)或國(guó)家、文章發(fā)表的時(shí)間、樣本量、平均年齡或范圍,研究對(duì)象按MTHFR C677T基因型分組、每組測(cè)定股骨頸和椎骨骨密度值。所有數(shù)據(jù)由兩位研究人員分別錄入軟件,并進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)納入和排除,參考Jadad AR等文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將重復(fù)報(bào)告、質(zhì)量差、報(bào)道信息少的文獻(xiàn)予以剔除。
滿足以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文獻(xiàn)方可納入meta分析:①研究對(duì)象為絕經(jīng)婦女;②骨密度測(cè)量部位為股骨頸和(或)椎骨;③研究對(duì)象是以MTHFR C677T基因型分組即分為TT、CC+CT或分為TT、CC和CT組;④骨密度的測(cè)定采用雙能X線吸收測(cè)定法;⑤文獻(xiàn)類型非綜述。
文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)以 Review Manager 5.0(revman5.0)軟件進(jìn)行分析。因?yàn)楣敲芏戎凳沁B續(xù)性變量,所以采用加權(quán)均數(shù)差(WMD)作為合并效應(yīng)尺度,計(jì)算各研究的95%可信區(qū)間(CI)。首先進(jìn)行異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn),同時(shí)revman5.0還會(huì)計(jì)算出另一個(gè)異質(zhì)性指標(biāo)I2,I2<50%(P>0.05)數(shù)據(jù)間的同質(zhì)性較好,采用固定模型進(jìn)行meta分析;若異質(zhì)性較大(P<0.05),則選用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析。
共檢索出相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)15 篇,有5 篇文獻(xiàn)[11~15]符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。有3篇文獻(xiàn)為研究對(duì)象不符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),3篇文獻(xiàn)婦女未按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定分組,4篇文獻(xiàn)為文章內(nèi)的具體數(shù)據(jù)未找到而均被剔除。在測(cè)定股骨頸骨密度的研究中,攜帶TT基因型542例,攜帶CC/CT基因型4 855例;而在測(cè)定椎骨骨密度的研究中,攜帶TT基因型607例,攜帶CC/CT基因型5 226例。見表1。
表1 納入meta分析的文獻(xiàn)情況
采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析,在絕經(jīng)婦女股骨頸骨密度與MTHFR多態(tài)性關(guān)系的各研究中差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.68,df=4,P=0.45);采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析,在絕經(jīng)婦女椎骨骨密度與MTHFR多態(tài)性關(guān)系的各研究中差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=20.78,df=4,P<0.001)。
經(jīng)meta分析,在測(cè)定絕經(jīng)婦女股骨頸骨密度分析中,攜帶CT/CC基因型的婦女骨密度高于攜帶TT基因型的婦女(P<0.001),其合并效應(yīng)尺度WMD 為 - 0.01g/cm2,95%CI: - 0.01 ~ 0.01(圖1);但在測(cè)定椎骨骨密度的分析中,攜帶CT/CC基因型的婦女骨密度與攜帶TT基因型的婦女無差異(P=0.32),其合并效應(yīng)尺度 WMD 為 -0.01g/cm2,95%CI: -0.04 ~0.01(圖 2)。
圖1 絕經(jīng)婦女MTHFR C677T多態(tài)性與股骨頸骨密度的關(guān)系
圖2 絕經(jīng)婦女MTHFR C677T多態(tài)性與椎骨密度的關(guān)系
在絕經(jīng)婦女MTHFR C677T多態(tài)性分別與股骨頸和椎骨骨密度關(guān)系的研究中,根據(jù)圖1、圖2數(shù)據(jù)分別繪制檢測(cè)發(fā)表偏倚的漏斗圖,各點(diǎn)分布基本對(duì)稱,無明顯發(fā)表偏倚。
去掉入選樣本最小的文獻(xiàn)后進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)攜帶CT/CC基因型的絕經(jīng)婦女股骨頸骨密度仍高于攜帶 TT基因型的婦女(Z=8.69,P<0.001),同時(shí)在絕經(jīng)婦女基因多態(tài)性與椎骨骨密度的研究中,攜帶CT/CC基因型的婦女骨密度與攜帶TT基因型的婦女比較仍無差異(Z=0.57,P=0.57)。表明剔除小樣本后,對(duì)其總體統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)解釋影響不大。去掉入選樣本最大的文獻(xiàn)后進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),攜帶CT/CC基因型的絕經(jīng)婦女股骨頸骨密度仍高于攜帶 TT 基因型的婦女(Z=8.48,P<0.001),同時(shí)在絕經(jīng)婦女基因多態(tài)性與椎骨骨密度的研究中,攜帶CT/CC基因型的婦女骨密度與攜帶TT基因型的婦女比較,結(jié)果仍無明顯差異(Z=0.81,P=0.42)。表明剔除大樣本后,對(duì)其總體統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)解釋影響也不大。
MTHFR 基因位于染色體1P36.3[16],可使5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸還原轉(zhuǎn)化為5-甲基四氫葉酸,如果MTHFR減少會(huì)使5-甲基四氫葉酸生成減少,進(jìn)而引起高同型半胱氨酸血癥[17]。MTHFR C677T多態(tài)性是該基因上重要的單核苷酸變異,T位點(diǎn)的變異會(huì)使酶活性較野生型(即C位點(diǎn)或丙氨酸型)降低,同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的復(fù)甲基化受到影響,血Hcy水平升高而增加骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。有研究顯示,MTHFR基因中C677T多態(tài)性與絕經(jīng)婦女的骨密度有關(guān)[15~15]。此外,幾項(xiàng)研究[18~20]表明 MTHFR 多態(tài)性與絕經(jīng)后骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)。MTHFR基因多態(tài)性與絕經(jīng)婦女骨密度之間的關(guān)系存在爭(zhēng)議,為進(jìn)一步探討二者之間的關(guān)系,本研究對(duì)5篇符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜合分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),TT基因型的絕經(jīng)婦女股骨頸骨密度明顯低于CC/CT基因型的婦女,而CT/CC基因型婦女的椎骨骨密度與TT基因型的婦女比較無明顯差異,與Riancho等[21]測(cè)定的股骨頸骨密度結(jié)果一致,與椎骨骨密度結(jié)果不一致。Abrahamsen[15]等對(duì)1 748名健康的丹麥絕經(jīng)婦女骨質(zhì)疏松癥的危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行前瞻性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TT、CC和CT 3種基因型的絕經(jīng)婦女的骨密度(包括股骨頸和椎骨)顯著不同,其原因可能與該研究中TT基因型的人群較少(8.7%)有關(guān)。
Yazdanpanah 等[12]的研究表明,MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性與絕經(jīng)婦女的股骨頸骨密度(P=0.19)和椎骨骨密度(P=0.26)之間無明顯關(guān)系,TT基因型的婦女比CC/CT基因型的婦女的骨密度有降低趨勢(shì)但無差異[14]。另有一篇研究結(jié)果報(bào)道,中國(guó)178名絕經(jīng)婦女MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性與其骨密度沒有明顯差異,這一結(jié)果可能與該人群中TT基因的比例較低有關(guān)[14]。
總之,有1篇文獻(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)絕經(jīng)婦女MTHFR基因多態(tài)性與骨密度之間存在明顯關(guān)聯(lián),有4篇文獻(xiàn)結(jié)果與其相反。本文分析結(jié)果認(rèn)為,在絕經(jīng)婦女中,MTHFR基因多態(tài)性與股骨頸和椎骨骨密度有關(guān)。出現(xiàn)這樣的結(jié)果可能是由于 Golbahar[13]和 Li[14]兩篇文獻(xiàn)的樣本量偏小,在其研究中TT基因型婦女2.21%、4.49%比例低,盡管一些結(jié)果無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但是所有的研究[11,13,14]均顯示 TT 基因型的婦女骨密度較CC/CT基因型的婦女骨密度有降低趨勢(shì)。
雖然本meta分析存在著研究數(shù)量不多的局限性,但分析結(jié)果表明,MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性與絕經(jīng)婦女股骨頸和椎骨骨密度存在相關(guān)性,即TT基因型婦女具有較低的骨密度,表明TT基因型可能為預(yù)測(cè)絕經(jīng)婦女骨質(zhì)疏松癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子之一。為了更好的探索兩者之間的關(guān)系,需進(jìn)行多中心的擴(kuò)大樣本量的研究。
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Association of MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and BMD in Postmenopausal Women
Li Donghua,Wu Jie*
Department of Women's Health,F(xiàn)irst Affilicated Hospital,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing210029,China
*Corresponding author:Email:jie.wuyale@gmail.com
Objective:Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low BMD and micro-architectural change in bone tissue.The risk of osteoporosis is partly determined by genetic factors.Some studies investigated the role of C677T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)in postmenopausal osteoporosis.However,the relationship between MTHFR polymorphism and BMD is still controversial.So a meta- analysis was performed to evaluate the association of MTHFR and BMD in postmenopausal women.Methods:MEDLINE,Web of Science,Scopus and CNKI were retrieved for all publications relating to MTHFR polymorphism and BMD in postmenopausal women.We performed this meta-analysis involving 5833 subjects.Results:Five eligible studies were selected for meta - analysis.These articles all studied the association of MTHFR polymorphism and the femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD in postmenopausal women.It suggested that the postmenopausal women with the TT genotype had lower femoral neck BMD than that of the CC/CT genotype women,and the weighted mean difference(WMD)was -0.01 g/cm2[95%confidence interval(CI): -0.01,-0.01,P<0.0001].Individuals with TT genotype tended to have somewhat lower BMD of lumbar spine,but the difference was not statistically significant.In random effects model,the WMD between the TT and TC/CC genotypes was -0.01 g/cm2(95%CI-0.04,0.01,P=0.32).Conclusions:The C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene is associated with BMD of femoral neck in postmenopausal women.The women with the TT genotype of MTHFR gene have lower BMD,suggesting that TT genotype may serve as a risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,postmenopausal women,bone mineral density,meta-analysis
10.3969/j.issn.1004 -8189.2012.11
2012-02-27
2012-04-22*
jie.wuyale@gmail.com
[責(zé)任編輯:王麗娜]