張鴻舉 劉孝鈞 尚詠琦 梁毅 丁少娟 王相智 吳慧敏 李文 李莉 葉興
直接PCI患者LVEF與BNP的相關(guān)性及其預(yù)后預(yù)測價值的臨床研究
張鴻舉 劉孝鈞 尚詠琦 梁毅 丁少娟 王相智 吳慧敏 李文 李莉 葉興
目的研究直接PCI患者左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)與腦型鈉尿肽(BNP)之間的相關(guān)性,分析LVEF與血BNP對于直接PCI患者預(yù)后的預(yù)測作用。方法57例連續(xù)選入的接受直接PCI植入支架的急性心肌梗死患者,分別于入院后24 h內(nèi)、1周、2周、1月和6月進(jìn)行血BNP檢測及超聲心動圖測定LVEF。所有患者隨訪1年,記錄主要不良心臟事件(MACE)發(fā)生情況,分析MACE與BNP以及LVEF之間的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果患者入院后24 h內(nèi)、1周、2周、1月和6月的血BNP與LVEF均呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù) r分別為-0.896(P=0.000)、-0.891(P=0.000)、-0.887(P=0.000)、-0.871(P=0.000)和-0.876(P=0.000)。隨訪1 年,共發(fā)生MACE 36 例,MACE 與入院后24 h(r=0.742,P=0.000)、1 周(r=0.719,P=0.000)的血BNP水平呈顯著正相關(guān);MACE與入院后24 h(r=-0.813,P=0.000)、1周(r=-0.762,P=0.000)、2周(r=-0.867,P=0.000)的LVEF呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。多元logistic回歸分析顯示,入院1周的BNP值以及入院24 h的LVEF是MACE的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子。入院1周BNP的ROC曲線下面積0.812(P=0.000),其面積95%可信區(qū)間為[0.729,0.893],不包括0.5;入院1周LVEF的ROC曲線下面積0.822(P=0.000),其面積95%可信區(qū)間為[0.764,0.923],也不包括0.5;入院1周的BNP值以及入院1周的LVEF的拐點(diǎn)分別為226.36ng/L和48%。結(jié)論對于接受直接PCI植入支架的急性心肌梗死患者,BNP與LVEF預(yù)后有密切的關(guān)系,尤其是入院1周的BNP值以及入院24 h的LVEF可有效預(yù)測入院后1年內(nèi)的MACE事件發(fā)生情況。
直接PCI;腦型鈉尿肽;左室射血分?jǐn)?shù);預(yù)后
急性心肌梗死(AMI)是常見中老年急癥,直接PCI能夠盡早盡快恢復(fù)梗死心肌的血流供應(yīng),是目前治療AMI最有效最安全的方法[1-2]。AMI患者心功能及BNP都可能發(fā)生改變,LVEF是臨床上最常用的心功能指標(biāo),BNP是心力衰竭的一大特征性指標(biāo)[3-6],因而我們推測,LVEF及 BNP與直接PCI患者的遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后有關(guān)聯(lián)。本研究的目的就是探索直接PCI患者BNP及LVEF的相互關(guān)系,及其對患者遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的預(yù)測作用。
1.1 一般資料 2010年1月至2011年10月在我院行直接PCI植入雷帕霉素洗脫支架的AMI患者中,連續(xù)選入57例單支冠狀動脈病變的患者。入選患者年齡51~71歲,平均(52.7±5.7)歲,其中79%為男性。
1.2 LVEF的測定 患者入院后24 h內(nèi)、1周、2周、1月和6月分別行超聲心動圖檢查,獲得這5個時間的LVEF值。LVEF檢測由超聲科2名醫(yī)師獨(dú)立完成,結(jié)果取二者的平均值。
1.3 BNP測定 患者入院后24 h內(nèi)、1周、2周、1月和6月采集靜脈血用于BNP檢測,方法:利用BNP檢測板(變異系數(shù)CV<10%)和免疫熒光分析儀,采用免疫熒光法,按照說明說操作完成檢測。
1.4 術(shù)后隨訪 術(shù)后隨訪1年,隨訪方法:電話隨訪或門診隨訪。隨訪觀察指標(biāo):死亡、再發(fā)心肌梗死、再發(fā)心絞痛、心力衰竭和心源性休克。支架內(nèi)再狹窄確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:冠狀動脈造影顯示原支架段直徑狹窄≥50%。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 所有資料采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,連續(xù)變量以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,分類變量以率表示;采用Spearman等級相關(guān)分析法進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析,相關(guān)分析采用多元二分類logistic回歸分析,ROC曲線確定指標(biāo)的預(yù)測特性。
57例患者平均年齡(56.3±4.6)歲,男性占79%,有、無心臟事件的患者在年齡、性別、高血壓、高脂血癥、糖尿病、病變血管及病變分布方面無顯著差異。研究過程中共死亡3例,死亡時間分別為術(shù)后1周、2周、5周,原因不明。共發(fā)生主要心臟事件36例,包括死亡3例、再發(fā)心絞痛11例和急性心肌梗死15例,其中12例經(jīng)冠脈造影證實(shí)為支架內(nèi)再狹窄,行靶病變再次血運(yùn)重建。
雙變量相關(guān)分析顯示,患者入院后24 h內(nèi)、1周、2周、1月和6月的血BNP與LVEF均呈負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)r分別為-0.896(P=0.000)、-0.891(P=0.000)、-0.887(P=0.000)、-0.871(P=0.000)和-0.876(P=0.000)。MACE與入院后24 h(r=0.742,P=0.000)、1 周(r=0.719,P=0.000)的血 BNP水平呈顯著正相關(guān),與入院后2周(r=0.225,P=0.000)、1月(r=0.309,P=0.000)、6 月(r=0.198,P=0.000)的血BNP水平呈弱正相關(guān);MACE與入院后24 h(r=-0.813,P=0.000)、1 周(r=-0.762,P=0.000)、2 周(r=-0.867,P=0.000)的LVEF呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與入院后1月(r=-0.207,P=0.000)、6月(r=-0.297,P=0.000)的LVEF呈弱負(fù)相關(guān)。
多元logistic回歸分析顯示,入院1周的BNP值以及入院24 h的LVEF是MACE的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子(P=0.001;P=0.000)。相應(yīng)的ROC曲線見圖1和圖2,入院1周 BNP的ROC曲線下面積0.812(P=0.000),其面積95%可信區(qū)間為[0.729,0.893],不包括0.5;入院1周 LVEF的ROC曲線下面積0.822(P=0.000),其面積95%可信區(qū)間為[0.764,0.923],也不包括0.5。入院1周的BNP值以及入院1周的LVEF的拐點(diǎn)分別為226.36ng/L和48%。
圖1 入院1周BNP判定MACE的ROC曲線(拐點(diǎn)=226.36ng/L)
圖2 入院1周LVEF判定MACE的ROC曲線(拐點(diǎn)=48%)
心力衰竭是各種心臟病晚期的共同結(jié)局,已有諸多研究證實(shí),任何原發(fā)心臟疾病引起的心力衰竭都伴有血BNP的增高[3-7]。BNP的主要作用為利尿,利鈉、增加腎小球?yàn)V過率,無利鉀作用,擴(kuò)張動脈、靜脈,降低肺動脈鍥壓(PCWP)、體循環(huán)阻力(SVR)、平均右房壓(MRAP),抑制血漿腎素和醛固酮水平[8-10]。BNP用于急性心肌梗死患者的預(yù)后研究已有多個報(bào)道[11-13]。研究顯示,LVEF是直接PCI患者M(jìn)ACE的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子[14]。本研究旨在探討直接 PCI患者不同時期血BNP與LVEF的關(guān)系及其對MACE的預(yù)測意義。
本研究顯示,對直接PCI植入支架的患者,入院1周的BNP值以及入院24 h的LVEF是直接PCI患者術(shù)后1年MACE的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子;其拐點(diǎn)分別為226.36ng/L和48%。并且所測五個時間點(diǎn)的BNP和LVEF分別呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,這與先前的報(bào)道[15,16]是一致的。BNP和LVEF檢測操作簡便快捷,對患者的臨床預(yù)后有良好的預(yù)測價值,值得臨床進(jìn)一步推廣。
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The correlation between BNP and LVEF and their predictive value on prognosis in patients received e-mergency PCI
ZHANG Hong-ju,LIU Xiao-jun,SHANG Yong-qi,et al.Department of Cardiology,The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou,Xuzhou 221002,China
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between BNP and LVEF,and to evaluate their predictive value on prognosis in patients
emergency PCI.Methods57 consecutive patients underwent primary PCI were selected for determining BNP level and LVEF at 24 hours,1 week,2 weeks,1 month and 6 months after the stent implantation.All cases were followed up for 1 year to record major adverse clinical events(MACE).Then the correlations of BNP and LVEF to MACE were analyzed.ResultsBNP level and LVEF at 24 hours,1 week,2 weeks,1 month and 6 months after the stent implantation were negatively correlated respectively,of which correlation coefficient were-0.896(P=0.000),-0.891(P=0.000),-0.887(P=0.000),-0.871(P=0.000)and-0.876(P=0.000)respectively.36 MACEs occurred during the 1-year follow-up.MACE had a significantly positive correlation with BNP level of 24 hours(r=0.742,P=0.000)and 1week(r=0.719,P=0.000)after admission and a significantly negative correlation with LVEF of 24 hours(r=-0.813,P=0.000),1week(r=-0.762,P=0.000)and 2 weeks(r=-0.867,P=0.000)after admission.According to logistic regression analysis,BNP level of 1 week after admission and LVEF at 24 hours after admission were all independent predictors to MACE in patients underwent primary PCI during the first year after operation(P=0.001;P=0.000).The area under curve(AUC)of the BNP level of 1 week after admission and LVEF at 24 hours after admission on ROC were 0.812(P=0.000)and 0.822(P=0.000)respectively and 95%confidence interval were[0.729,0.893]and[0.764,0.923],respectively.According to ROC,inflection point of the BNP level of 1 week after admission and LVEF at 24 hours after admission were 226.36ng/L and 48%,respectively.ConclusionFor patients received primary PCI,BNP level and LVEF are significantly correlated with their prognosis and especially,BNP level of 1 week after admission and LVEF at 24 hours after admission are effective in predicting MACE during the first year after operation.
Emergency PCI;BNP;LVEF;Prognosis
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