[摘要]目的:評估負(fù)壓封閉引流術(shù)(VSD)在感染創(chuàng)面局部應(yīng)用的效果。方法:挑選18名創(chuàng)面感染患者,平均年齡(45±10)歲,其中11名男性,7名女性,感染創(chuàng)面部位:手部8例,小腿5例,臀部3例,骶部2例,創(chuàng)面使用100~125mmHg負(fù)壓持續(xù)吸引2天,然后間歇吸引,平均負(fù)壓吸引時間為(9±2)天,測量VSD治療前后創(chuàng)面大小,隨訪平均時間為(11±6)個月。結(jié)果:創(chuàng)面平均吸引出100±50ml液體,組織水腫及創(chuàng)面引流得到解決,創(chuàng)面清潔干燥,其中15例患者通過運用抗生素及負(fù)壓吸引術(shù),創(chuàng)面已達到臨床愈合,細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)陰性,通過負(fù)壓治療創(chuàng)面大小從(28±9)cm2減少至(12±8)cm2(P<0.05),只有6例需要進一步外科干預(yù)達到閉合創(chuàng)面,2例患者使用負(fù)壓吸引后感覺疼痛。結(jié)論:與傳統(tǒng)治療方法相比,除了VSD本身對創(chuàng)面快速愈合的優(yōu)點外,還提供了一個快速、舒適的條件。
[關(guān)鍵詞]負(fù)壓封閉引流;感染;創(chuàng)面
[中圖分類號]R622 [文獻標(biāo)識碼]A [文章編號]1008-6455(2012)03-0382-02
Use of vacuum sealing drainage in the topical treatment of wound infections
DENG Lin,ZHOU Ming
(Department of Hand Surgery,Jiangsu University People's Hospital,Zhenjiang 212001,Jiangsu,China)
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the results of vacuum sealing drainage in the topical treatment of wound infections. Methods Vacuum therapy was performed in 18 patients (11males,7 females; mean age 45±10 years) using the VSD system (vacuum sealing drainage) for the treatment of wound infections.Infective wounds were in the hand (n=8), crus (n=5), croup (n=3), and sacrum (n=2).The wounds were treated with a negative pressure of 100~125 mmHg applied continuously for the first two days, and then intermittently for the following days. The mean duration of vacuum therapy was (9±2) days. Measure wound surface areas before and after vacuum therapy.The mean follow-up period was 11±6 months. Results The mean amount of discharge from the wound was (100±50)ml. Tissue edema and discharge problems were resolved in all the wounds and a hygienic and dry-looking surgical site was attained. In 15 patients, clinical and bacteriologic eradication of infections was achieved at the surgical site through antibiotic use and vacuum therapy. The mean wound area showed a significant reduction from (28±9)cm2 to (12±8)cm2 following vacuum therapy (P<0.05). Only six patients required further surgical interventions for the closure of wound site. Two patients (11.8%) complained of pain associated with vacuum application. Conclusion Besides its topical advantages in the care of infected wounds, vacuum sealing drainage provides a more rapid and comfortable treatment opportunity,representing a reliable alternative to conventional wound care methods.
Key words: vacuum sealing drainage;infection;wound
軟組織缺損并發(fā)感染在臨床上非常常見,常規(guī)處理方法為創(chuàng)面徹底擴創(chuàng)后濕敷、凡士林紗布覆蓋、游離皮瓣轉(zhuǎn)移術(shù),近期負(fù)壓封閉引流術(shù)術(shù)開始廣泛使用。我院從2008年至2011 年應(yīng)用負(fù)壓密閉吸引術(shù)治療感染創(chuàng)面18例患者,效果滿意,報道如下。
1 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料:選擇18例患者(男性11例,女性7例,平均年齡45±10歲),選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為傷口皮膚壞死并感染患者,其中手部8例,小腿5例,臀部3例,骶部2例。其中創(chuàng)傷因素13例,腫瘤病灶清除術(shù)后3例,糖尿病足導(dǎo)致小腿截肢2例。所有患者均進行創(chuàng)面細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)檢查,其中病原體為革蘭氏陽性球菌有11例(占61.1%)(如表1),其中6例為院內(nèi)感染(33.3%)。
1.2 方法:VSD敷料由聚乙烯醇組成,中間有兩根空心導(dǎo)管,外用半透薄膜密閉,借助負(fù)壓吸引治療。治療中VSD在最初兩天持續(xù)吸引,后期采用間歇負(fù)壓吸引,傷口負(fù)壓吸引時間大于7天,負(fù)壓大小為100~125mmHg,敷料一周更換一次,記錄創(chuàng)面的大小以及引流量。首先進行傷口清創(chuàng)及沖洗,切除壞死組織,接下來將皮膚或皮下組織縫合,使創(chuàng)面大小減少至約5cm×6cm,然后用VSD敷料覆蓋創(chuàng)面,外用自粘半透薄膜密閉,導(dǎo)管外接負(fù)壓吸引,隨訪時間平均為(11±6)月,收集數(shù)據(jù)用x±s表示,采用SPSS 12.0 統(tǒng)計軟件進行t檢驗,P<0.05即具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
1.3 結(jié)果:平均負(fù)壓吸引時間為(9±2)天,住院日為(31±19)天,收集的引流液體為(100±50)ml。組織水腫及引流問題得到有效解決,外科傷口干燥清潔,通過適當(dāng)?shù)目股丶柏?fù)壓治療,在臨床學(xué)上及微生物學(xué)上,15例患者感染全部得到控制。6例院內(nèi)感染患者通過負(fù)壓治療,也有效控制了感染,沒有出現(xiàn)其他并發(fā)癥。僅6例患者負(fù)壓吸引后實施了植皮術(shù)完全修復(fù)創(chuàng)面。治療后平均創(chuàng)面減少了(16±7)cm2,(P<0.05)(如圖1)。2例患者抱怨疼痛,因為負(fù)壓太大,通過調(diào)整壓力為70mmHg,癥狀得到控制。
2 討論
2.1 負(fù)壓封閉引流術(shù)在過去通常被人使用于表淺組織缺損,如輕、中度燒傷及壓力性損傷,如今,已逐漸開始應(yīng)用于軟組織缺損伴外科感染及腫瘤外科學(xué)中,通常這些損傷需要長期抗生素治療和組織移植,治療過程很復(fù)雜[1-2],而負(fù)壓封閉引流術(shù)的應(yīng)用對臨床提供了很大幫助。
2.2 通常深部損傷及廣泛軟組織壞死創(chuàng)面有很多滲出液,通過聚乙烯醇海綿及導(dǎo)管,在負(fù)壓作用下能將創(chuàng)面滲出液排出。自粘性半透膜能將創(chuàng)面封閉,阻止外來細(xì)菌的進入,減少感染的機會,從而加速創(chuàng)面的愈合[3]。
2.3 研究數(shù)據(jù)表明,有效負(fù)壓治療能夠增加創(chuàng)面組織的血液循環(huán)。Morykwas等[4]證明通過125mmHg的負(fù)壓吸引能夠促使局部血液循環(huán)提高4倍。真空治療能夠減輕組織水腫,使傷口充分引流,形成清潔、干燥的傷口并且防止死腔形成。另外,創(chuàng)面組織負(fù)壓治療能夠有效改善因機械效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,機理是它能促進肉芽組織細(xì)胞增殖及再生[5]。再有,富有爭議的理論就是它能夠降低蛋白酶活性從而促進傷口愈合并且抑制細(xì)菌生長,顯而易見,這點在臨床運用中已經(jīng)證明,但是很少人去研究它。Kaplan[6]通過對1500例創(chuàng)傷患者的研究表明,負(fù)壓封閉引流術(shù)治療縮短了一半的住院時間,同時也減少了一半的治療費用。
2.4 在我們的研究中,通過負(fù)壓封閉引流術(shù)治療,18例患者局部感染全部控制,治療后平均創(chuàng)面減少了(16±7cm)2,12例患者沒有二期手術(shù)干預(yù),僅有6例在治療第10天行二期植皮手術(shù)達到創(chuàng)面完全愈合。僅2例患者在治療期間可能由于負(fù)壓太大因素抱怨疼痛,沒有出現(xiàn)像多重感染、敗血癥、水電解質(zhì)紊亂等并發(fā)癥。我們研究的不足之處在于樣本較少,缺乏相關(guān)對照組,創(chuàng)面未做細(xì)菌計數(shù)也是一大缺陷。
總之,對于局部感染性創(chuàng)面,負(fù)壓封閉引流術(shù)提供了快速而且舒適的治療方案。
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[收稿日期]2011-10-13 [修回日期]2012-01-15
編輯/張惠娟