郭春梅
(湖北省武漢市新洲區(qū)第一初級(jí)中學(xué))
1.1 定意:通讀全文,了解大意。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生到整篇文章中去尋找需要的信息的能力。
1.2 定性:分析句子的句法結(jié)構(gòu),確定詞性。
1.3 定形:分析句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài),和句法結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)確定用詞形式。
從近幾年武漢市中考中填詞主要考查動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞,也是語(yǔ)言使用最為活躍的詞類。它們的用法較多,靈活性較強(qiáng),因此,在平時(shí)教學(xué)中除幫助學(xué)生對(duì)意義相近的詞進(jìn)行積累以外,應(yīng)對(duì)這幾類詞的一詞多義、一詞多性,如help,work,right,keep,stay,need,interest等熟練掌握。
動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)、介詞后作賓語(yǔ)、冠詞之后、數(shù)詞之后
例:So George ordered him into the back seat and got behind the wheel.
例:Martin was a minister in a church,and it was three villages away from Catherine’s.
主要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及其所有格形式。
動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)的背景
主賓或介賓之間的動(dòng)詞;be動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞:進(jìn)行時(shí)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后缺動(dòng)詞;并列關(guān)系中的動(dòng)詞;主謂分離后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式;分詞后置作定語(yǔ):過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。
例: Bill didn’t agree with his father,because he thought it was too late...
例:One night,after attending a birthday party,Ann walked home along the quiet road.
例:Young Tom was drawing a picture in his room when his mother came in...
例:Bell,who later moved to Canada,spent all his spare time experimenting and working...
例:the boys taught by their parents at home are cleverer than the ones who are studying at school.
主要考慮是要填動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)形式 (原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、現(xiàn)在分詞及其過去分詞形式。)還是填動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式(不定式,v—ing,過去分詞)
形容詞出現(xiàn)的背景
作表語(yǔ)、作定語(yǔ)、用在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
例: ...if you are honest to them,they’ll believe you more...
例:...fewer people in that village care about their parents now than ten years ago...What he did made her happy.
主要考慮形容詞原形、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)形式。
副詞出現(xiàn)的背景
1.句首
例:...generally speaking,middle school students complain about their teachers and parents...
2.在含有助動(dòng)詞與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)之間
例:...he realized that he had already fallen in love with Catherine and he wanted to marry her...
3.在動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)之后或系表結(jié)構(gòu)之間表程度、方式
例:...I like singers who can sing the words clearly.
例:Catherine realized that he had not understood her correctly
例:...I found him running alone,nobody together with him...
副詞詞形技巧:
主要考慮副詞在句中的位置。
對(duì)所填詞定性、定形可能是一般學(xué)生最頭痛的問題。我們教師除了教會(huì)學(xué)生如何分析最基本的句法結(jié)構(gòu)之外,還可以在詞意和用法的積累方面給學(xué)生一些幫助。今天我重點(diǎn)就如何幫助學(xué)生解決“想不出來(lái)”的問題談?wù)勎易约旱目捶āN抑饕窃谄綍r(shí)教學(xué)中要求學(xué)生對(duì)相同或相關(guān)意義的詞進(jìn)行積累,同時(shí),也對(duì)首字母相同的,但意義或用法不同的詞,并在填詞中出現(xiàn)機(jī)率大的必備詞匯的用法進(jìn)行區(qū)別。
下面是我平時(shí)的一些積累,希望能與各位老師共同分享:
can,could,may,might,must,will,would,should,be going to,make,let,have,would rather,had better,why,why not等。
feel,find,look,see,watch,notice,remember,forget,mean,等。
be,get,look,turn,go,become,smell,sound,taste,remain,stay,keep,make,etc
首字母相同,意義或用法不同的詞
⑴ behind,back⑵ agree,answer⑶between both⑷rise reach,raise⑸die,death,dead⑹lie,lay⑺strict,serious⑻chance,change⑼full,fill⑽feel,fall⑾lively,lovely⑿l(wèi)uck,lucky,luckily⒀pass,past⒂succeed,success,successful⒃teach,train⒄whether,weather⒅wonder,want⒆u(yù)nusual,usual⒇quite,quiet
我認(rèn)為學(xué)生首先只有被輸入才能輸出,頭腦中沒裝著東西,肯定想不出來(lái)。所以在平時(shí)教學(xué)中,只要遇到相關(guān)的詞我就會(huì)將他們串到一起,要求學(xué)生掌握這些出現(xiàn)頻率高的詞。
[1]教育部.中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱[M].北京教育出版社.2003.
[2]教育部.中學(xué)英語(yǔ)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M].人民教育出版社.2007.