張素紅

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題僅占15分,分?jǐn)?shù)不多但是每一分都很關(guān)鍵,并且一直是考生感到棘手的題型之一。為了幫助考生我從題型特點(diǎn)、錯(cuò)誤類型及其解題方法幾個(gè)方面做以下分析:

一、高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題題型特點(diǎn)

高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題是以篇章為單位, 要求考生有很高的閱讀理解能力,考生必須擺脫孤立片面的思維定勢(shì),以一種連貫的思路、整體的眼光去適應(yīng)這一題型。但是高考短文改錯(cuò)題具有“高起點(diǎn)、低落點(diǎn)”的特點(diǎn),對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言感覺(jué)和語(yǔ)言能力要求較高,但改正的錯(cuò)誤往往比較簡(jiǎn)單。很多學(xué)生做不好改錯(cuò)題不是因?yàn)闆](méi)有掌握這些語(yǔ)法知識(shí),而是不能通過(guò)語(yǔ)感找出錯(cuò)誤。所以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生有意識(shí)地去注意一些高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？碱}型特點(diǎn)非常重要。

二、高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題錯(cuò)誤類型

經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)2000年以來(lái)的高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題作了細(xì)致的分析并加以歸類后,發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞仍是考查的重點(diǎn),其他詞類趨于平均化。

1.動(dòng)詞考查。主要考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用。

The time passes quickly. Evening came. (2002)passes→passed

High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. (2006)discover→discovered

My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (2001) make前加to

…was very surprised see this when the balloon landed in front of them. (2006) see前加to

Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…(2003) talk→talking

2.名詞考查。主要涉及可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞以及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的誤用。

Their word were a great encouragement to me. (2003) word→words

There are advantage for students to work while… (2005) advantage→advantages

3.代詞的誤用和限制詞的搭配

代詞涉及人稱代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞,主要是代詞的格與數(shù)的錯(cuò)用和漏用。如男性用了女性代詞,單數(shù)用了復(fù)數(shù)代詞或相反;應(yīng)當(dāng)用形容詞性的物主代詞用了名詞性等。限制詞的搭配主要涉及冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞的錯(cuò)誤搭配。

The three of them were very excited.(2002)them→us

Finally, the men threw most of his clothes to save themselves. (2006) his→their

As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of animals and plants. (2002) famous前加a

4.形容詞和副詞

主要涉及到形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的誤用,以及形容詞和副詞的誤用等。

…a concert can be very excited. (2004)

excited→exciting

The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make their balloon light. (2006)

light→lighter

5.考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系

如but, and, so, however, otherwise, however等一些并列連詞和連接副詞的誤用。before, after, when, until, since等狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的誤用等,還有動(dòng)詞、肯定和否定的誤用或多用等。

…as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they… (2001-84) and→or

It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(2002-78) noon后加when

So then, a concert costs so much.(2004-82) So→But

I wont be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. (2004)although→because/as

6.固定詞組及慣用法的搭配

主要指一些動(dòng)詞詞組的介詞或副詞使用錯(cuò)誤

…sisters…in any other words, I am an only child. My parents…(2001-77) 去掉any

Evening came down. (2002-83) 去掉down

The balloon was coming up.(2006-80) up→down

The crowded are waiting for to greet them… ((2006-84)去掉for

to spend on anything as if they please. (2005-81)去掉if

7.數(shù)詞的誤用

主要是序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和錯(cuò)用,以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等詞和具體數(shù)量詞連用時(shí)的用法以及表示約數(shù)的用法。

三、高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題的正確的解題方法

短文改錯(cuò)不同于單句改錯(cuò),其改錯(cuò)的過(guò)程是在一個(gè)特定的語(yǔ)境下進(jìn)行的,其中的每一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤都與上下文息息相關(guān)。因此,解題時(shí)考生要運(yùn)用從“篇章著手,了解大意”,到“逐句分析,依行查錯(cuò)”,再到“復(fù)讀全文、檢查核對(duì)”三步走的策略。

答題時(shí)考生應(yīng)聚焦以下幾點(diǎn):

1.句中的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)與語(yǔ)篇的行文協(xié)調(diào)嗎?2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式正確嗎?3.主謂語(yǔ)一致嗎?4.各種代詞以及one, it, that等在指代關(guān)系上的使用正確嗎?5.名詞的數(shù)與格正確嗎?6.受母語(yǔ)的影響,although和but、because和so、return 和back、repeat和 again重復(fù)使用了嗎?7.表示轉(zhuǎn)折并列關(guān)系的連詞、副詞使用正確嗎?如:but, and, or, therefore, however的使用。8.固定搭配正確嗎?9.冠詞的使用正確嗎?

總之,改錯(cuò)是一個(gè)具有一定難度而且較為復(fù)雜的過(guò)程,包含內(nèi)容多,涉及范圍廣,要做好這種測(cè)試題,非下苦功不可。只有通過(guò)廣泛閱讀,反復(fù)大量實(shí)踐,不斷提高,才能走出一條成功之道。