by是個(gè)很常用的介詞(有時(shí)也用作副詞),在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種:

1.意為“在……旁”、“靠近”。例如:

Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.

有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖邊畫畫兒。

2.意為“不遲于”、“到……時(shí)為止”。例如:

Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會(huì)好的。

How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?

到上個(gè)學(xué)期末你們已經(jīng)學(xué)了多少首英語歌曲?

3.表示方法、手段,可譯作“靠”、“用”、“憑借”、“通過”、“乘坐”等。例如:

The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.

猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。

The boys father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 孩子的父親是那么的感激,于是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報(bào)來傳達(dá)訊息。

4.表示“逐個(gè)”、“逐批”的意思。例如:

One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他們一個(gè)一個(gè)地在黑暗中經(jīng)過這張桌子。

5.表示“根據(jù)”、“按照”的意思。例如:

What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點(diǎn)了?

6.和take, hold等動(dòng)詞連用,說明接觸身體的某一部分。例如:

I took him by the hand. 我拉住了他的手。

7.用于被動(dòng)句中,引出行為主體,常譯作“被”、“由”等。例如:

English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。(即“許多人講英語?！?

8.組成其它短語。

1) by the way:意為“順便說”、“順便問一下”,常作插入語。例如:

By the way, wheres Li Ping, do you know? 順便問一下,李平在哪兒,你知道嗎?

2) by oneself:意為“單獨(dú)”、“自行”。例如:

I cant leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨(dú)留下。

3) by and by:意為“不久以后”、“不一會(huì)兒”。例如:

But by and by, more and more people began to study English.

但是不久以后,越來越多的人開始學(xué)英語了。

【小試牛刀】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子(每空填一個(gè)詞)。

1. 他每天乘公共汽車上班。

He goes to work ____ ____ every day.

2. 順便問一下,你認(rèn)識(shí)杰克嗎?

____ ____ ____, do you know Jack?

3. 孩子們兩個(gè)兩個(gè)地在操場(chǎng)上跑步。

The children are running on the playground ____ ____ ____.

4. 我將在本月底以前寫完這本書。

I'll finish writing the book ____ ____ ____ of this month.

5. 河邊有棵大樹。

There's a tall tree ____ ____ ____.

6. 爺爺病了,你不能把他單獨(dú)留在家里。

Grandpa is ill. You can't leave him ____ ____ at home.

7. 我的表現(xiàn)在是三點(diǎn)鐘。

It's three o'clock ____ ____ ____.

8. 不久以后,我們都學(xué)會(huì)了怎樣做飛機(jī)模型。

____ ____ ____, we all learned how to make model planes.

[Key:1.by bus 2.By the way 3.two by two 4.by the end 5.by the river 6.by himself 7.by my watch 8.By and by]