羅紅英

英語中能省略引導詞的從句常有賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句和固定句型等幾種:

一、 引導賓語從句的連詞that的省略情況:當及物動詞和一些形容詞后只跟一個簡單的賓語從句,且從句中主語、表語、賓語等成分都不缺,整個從句也不存在任何疑義時,從句只能用that引導,此種情況下經(jīng)常省引導詞that。例如:(1) I want to know (that) the news is true. 我想知道那消息是真的。

(2) The woman was very glad (that) she could see her lost son again. 那婦女很高興又可見到自己已失蹤的兒子。

二、 定語從句省略引導詞的情況一般有以下兩種:

1.當先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時,引導從句的關系代詞that(指人或指物),whom(指人),which(指物)可以省略。例如:

(1)I know the girl (whom/that) you talked with just now.我認識你剛才和她談話的那個女孩。指人的先行詞the girl 在定語從句中作介詞with 的賓語,其關系代詞whom或that 就可以省略不寫。

(2) He lives in the beautiful town (which/that) you visited last year. 他就住在你去年參觀過的那個美麗的小鎮(zhèn)。指物的先行詞the beautiful town 在定語從句中作及物動詞visited 的賓語,所以其關系代詞which或that可以省略。

2.名詞reason 和the way 在定語從句中作狀語時,引導定語從句的關系副詞why和that可以省略。例如:

(1)The mother didnt want to listen to the reason (why) his son was late for school.這位母親不想聽她兒子上學遲到的原因。先行詞the reason 在定語從句中作原因狀語,引導該定語從句的關系副詞why可以省略。

(2) The workers dont like the way (that) their boss blames them.工人們不喜歡老板責備他們的方式。先行詞the way 在定語從句中作方式狀語,引導該定語從句的關系副詞that在使用時經(jīng)常被省略不用。

三、 引導虛擬條件句的if 的省略情況:當由if引導的虛擬條件句中的謂語動詞有 should/were/had 三個詞時,在使用中經(jīng)常省去引導詞if ,此時須把這三個詞提到從句的主語前,用部分倒裝句的句式表示虛擬條件句。例如:

(1) 如果我是一個作家,我就創(chuàng)作許多關于孩子的有趣的故事(對現(xiàn)在的虛擬)。完整的表達應是:If I were a writer, I would write many interesting stories about chil?鄄dren.而用省略的方式我們可以將之寫成:Were I a writ?鄄er, I would write many interesting stories about children.

(2) 如果明天天晴,我們就可以出去郊游(對將來的虛擬)。If it should be sunny tomorrow, we would go outing.其省略的表達方式是:Should it be sunny tomorrow, we would go outing.

(3)昨天如果沒有你的幫忙,他是無法完成那么多的工作的(對過去的虛擬)。If you hadnt helped him yesterday, he wouldnt have finished so much work. 其省略的表達方式是:Had you not helped him,he wouldnt have finished so much work.

四、 引導目的狀語從句的so that中that有時也可省略。例如:

I will give you all the facts so (that) you can judge for yourself. 我會給你所有的事實以便你可以自己判斷。

五、 固定句型

It/This/That is/will be/was +the 序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級/only/last+名詞 +that +從句(從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時或過去完成時)句型中引導從句的that 可以省略。例如:

(1) It is the second time (that) my father has been to Beijing. 這是我父親第二次到北京。

(2)That picture was the most beautiful one (that) I had seen before.那是我之前所見過的最漂亮的一幅畫。

(3)This will be the last chance for her (that) she has been able to go abroad. 這將是她可以出國的最后機會。

經(jīng)過這樣歸納整理,看似復雜的能省引導詞的從句情況就變得很簡單了。

(責編 周侯辰 黃 曉)