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        分析高考試題,辨別what與that

        2016-05-14 21:43:52馬小娟
        廣東教育·高中 2016年6期
        關(guān)鍵詞:同位語(yǔ)中作代詞

        馬小娟

        在高三備考復(fù)習(xí)中,發(fā)現(xiàn)很多學(xué)生在填what與 that時(shí),非常糾結(jié),也很容易混淆。下面就這兩個(gè)詞的用法差異進(jìn)行歸納。

        真題研究

        1. (2011年北京卷)_________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honest and happiness.

        分析:What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作offers的賓語(yǔ)。

        2.(2011年湖南卷)Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious________ the problem itself is.

        分析:what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作is的表語(yǔ)。句中it是形式主語(yǔ)。

        3. (2011年四川卷)Our teachers always tell us to believe in _______ we do and who we are if we want to success.

        分析:what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ)。

        4. (2011年遼寧卷32)When the news came _________ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.

        分析:that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,說明news的具體內(nèi)容。

        5.(2013年全國(guó)卷)It was only after he had read the papers

        Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.

        分析:考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It was ... that ...,因此填that。

        6.( 2015年全國(guó)卷) Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _______are pictured by artists...

        分析:填that,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。

        7. (2013年全國(guó)卷)改錯(cuò):This is how I need to improve in the future.

        解析:因improve缺少賓語(yǔ),不能用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)用連接代詞what。

        易錯(cuò)題選

        1. I immediately tried to find the owner, because that is exactly ________ I would want someone to do if either I or any of my family members lost phones.

        分析:what 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ),考生易誤填that。

        2. _______ I experienced in high school tells me that it is not ________ you are given but how you make use of it______ determines who you are.

        分析:第一個(gè)空What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作experienced的賓語(yǔ);第二空what 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作are given的賓語(yǔ),第三空that, 構(gòu)成It is...that... 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是“not what you are given but how you make use of it”。句意:我在中學(xué)所經(jīng)歷的一切告訴我“不是你被給的東西決定你是誰(shuí),而是你怎樣利用它決定你是誰(shuí)”。

        3. To their delight, my cousin can use ________ he has learned from university to help them with overseas trade.

        分析:what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作has learned的賓語(yǔ),考生易誤填that。

        4. Never judge anyone because you never know how their life is or _________ theyre going through.

        分析:know后為or連接的兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句,由于在后面的一個(gè)從句中,through后缺少賓語(yǔ),且指事物,因此,填what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作go through的賓語(yǔ)。句意:不要去評(píng)判一個(gè)人,因?yàn)槟悴恢浪麄冇兄鯓拥纳罨蛘吣悴恢浪麄冋?jīng)歷著什么苦難。

        5. We learn to have more confidence in _________ we know through failure.

        分析:填what, 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作know的賓語(yǔ)。另外,介詞后一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

        6. The wedding was held in a large building _________ was built for the ceremony.

        分析:that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句子作主語(yǔ)??忌渍`填what。

        7. China is not the country _________ it used to be.

        分析:that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句子作be的表語(yǔ)。考生誤填what。順便提提,如果題干中去掉the country,就填what,且在表語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ),即China is not what it used to be。

        8. One day he told his wife he was so disappointed with the city ________ he had to leave.

        分析:填that,因?yàn)閟o...that...是固定句式。

        用法辨析

        1. what,是連接代詞,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句等,并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,不能省略。

        2. that,(1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),沒有任何意義,不作任何句子成分,只起連接作用,值得注意的是,其中同位語(yǔ)從句多由that引導(dǎo)。(2)that可代替which或who,引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。(3)用于以下特殊句式:

        ①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is / was ...... that......

        ②固定句型so / such ... that ...

        責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青

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        分析高考試題,辨別what與 that
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