涂文超

虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、建議等含義，虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。

下面重點(diǎn)談?wù)勌摂M語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法，虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句是用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的情況表示假設(shè)。

具體情況如下：

1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況

例如 : If I were you, Id get there earlier. 如果我是你，我就早一點(diǎn)到那兒。（事實(shí)是：我不是你，因此我沒(méi)有早到那兒。）

2． 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況

例如: If you had worked hard, you wouldnt have failed the exam. 如果你早用功，就不至于考試不及格了。（事實(shí)是:你早沒(méi)用功,所以考試失敗了。）

3. 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況

例如: If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. 如果明天下雨，我們的野餐就推遲。(事實(shí)是：最近天氣很好，下雨的可能性不大。)

注意：用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示條件的條件從句, 可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，但所表達(dá)的意義側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。主句在前時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào) “結(jié)果”；從句在前時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào) “條件”。

【鞏固練習(xí)】

Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)選擇。

( )１. If I were you, I ______ try my best.

A. would B. shallC. hadD. will

( )2. If I ______ ten years younger, I ______ very happy.

A. am; shall be B. were; would be

C. were; shall be D. am; would be

( )3. If I ______to the moon, I would bring something unusual back to the earth.

A. go B. goes C. went D. will go

() 4. If Jane ______here now, she would explain to us how to do it.

A. be B. is C. was D. were

() 5. —You can ask your brother for help.

—He is not at home. If he ______, I ______.

A. is; would B. is; will

C. were; would D. were; will

Ⅱ. 用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。

6. If I ______ ( be ) a teacher, I would not be so strict with my students.

7. If I ______ (have) time, I would come to help you.

8. If she were not so busy, she ______ (come) here with me.

Keys: 1~5 ABCDC6. were 7. had8. would come